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Umer

The document outlines a project aimed at developing a machine learning model to predict the Air Quality Index (AQI) using historical data and meteorological factors. The project emphasizes the importance of air quality monitoring for public health and environmental policy, detailing objectives, data handling, model training, and future plans for integration with IoT and mobile applications. The model evaluation includes various machine learning techniques to ensure accuracy in predicting AQI levels.

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021CIVQazi Adnan
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16 views11 pages

Umer

The document outlines a project aimed at developing a machine learning model to predict the Air Quality Index (AQI) using historical data and meteorological factors. The project emphasizes the importance of air quality monitoring for public health and environmental policy, detailing objectives, data handling, model training, and future plans for integration with IoT and mobile applications. The model evaluation includes various machine learning techniques to ensure accuracy in predicting AQI levels.

Uploaded by

021CIVQazi Adnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Air Quality Index Prediction Model using

Machine Learning

Your Team Name


Department of Computer Science
Your College/University Name

February 28, 2025


About the Authors
This project was developed by a team of machine learning enthusiasts from
the Department of Computer Science. Our team consists of students inter-
ested in environmental monitoring, data science, and predictive modeling.
Our aim is to utilize modern technologies to address real-world problems
such as air pollution.

1
Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 Project Objectives and Motivation 4

3 Data Handling and Processing 5

4 Model Development and Training 7

5 Future Plans 9

6 References 10

2
Chapter 1

Introduction

Air pollution is a growing concern in urban areas across the globe, including
India. Monitoring air quality and predicting future air quality levels can
help authorities and citizens take preventive measures to reduce health risks.
In this project, we have built an Air Quality Index (AQI) prediction model
using machine learning techniques. The model leverages historical air quality
data and meteorological factors to forecast AQI levels for a specific location.
The AQI prediction system is designed to provide timely information
about air quality, helping individuals, government agencies, and health pro-
fessionals make informed decisions. This project combines data preprocess-
ing, feature engineering, model training, evaluation, and deployment to cre-
ate a robust solution for air quality monitoring.

3
Chapter 2

Project Objectives and


Motivation

Why This Project Matters


• Public Health: Poor air quality contributes to respiratory diseases,
cardiovascular issues, and premature mortality.

• Environmental Monitoring: Real-time AQI predictions help gov-


ernments and environmental agencies take action.

• Policy Formulation: Data-driven insights enable better air pollution


policies.

• Technological Advancement: Applying machine learning to envi-


ronmental data is an innovative approach to predictive modeling.

Our goal is to:

• Build a machine learning model capable of predicting AQI for the next
24 hours.

• Use historical AQI data and meteorological data to train the model.

• Evaluate different models to determine the most accurate and efficient


approach.

• Develop a user-friendly interface to display predicted AQI values.

4
Chapter 3

Data Handling and Processing

Data Sources
The project utilizes data from:

• EPA Air Quality Data

• OpenAQ

• World Air Quality Index (WAQI)

The pollutants considered include:

• PM2.5, PM10, NO2 , SO2 , CO, O3

• Weather factors: Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Pressure

Steps Performed on Data


The following steps were conducted during data handling, as extracted from
the work done in the file.ipynb:

Data Loading
Multiple datasets for the years 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2022 were loaded using
pandas. Excel files were imported using:

pd.read_excel()

5
Data Transformation
The data was transformed into a long format using:

df.melt()

Months were mapped to numerical values to standardize date columns.

Feature Engineering
New columns for year and month were created, and timestamps were con-
verted into date-time objects. Data was concatenated across years to form a
continuous dataset.

Data Cleaning
Missing values were handled, and irrelevant columns were dropped. Outlier
detection and data normalization were performed where required.

Visualization
Basic exploratory data analysis was conducted, visualizing AQI trends over
time using plots like line charts and histograms.

Data Merging
Datasets from different years were combined into a single DataFrame to en-
sure the model could learn from multi-year trends.

6
Chapter 4

Model Development and


Training

Model Selection
The following models were considered:
• Linear Regression
• Random Forest Regressor
• XGBoost Regressor
Each model was trained and evaluated using:
• Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
• Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
• R2 Score

Classification Approach
For predicting AQI categories (Good, Moderate, Unhealthy, etc.), classifica-
tion models like:
• Decision Tree Classifier
• Random Forest Classifier
• Neural Networks
were also considered.

7
Evaluation
• Training and testing split: 80% training, 20% testing.

• Hyperparameter tuning using GridSearchCV.

• Cross-validation was performed to ensure model robustness.

8
Chapter 5

Future Plans

• Integration with IoT Sensors: Real-time data collection directly


from environmental sensors.

• Mobile App Development: Develop a user-friendly app to display


predicted AQI levels to the public.

• Deep Learning Models: Explore LSTM and CNN models for better
time-series forecasting accuracy.

• Geospatial Analysis: Expand predictions to cover multiple locations


and integrate GIS data for spatial air quality mapping.

• Policy Simulation: Create a simulation environment where changes


in industrial emissions and traffic patterns can be simulated to predict
future AQI.

9
Chapter 6

References

• EPA Air Quality Data: https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data

• OpenAQ: https://openaq.org

• World Air Quality Index: https://waqi.info

• Python Libraries: pandas, numpy, scikit-learn, matplotlib

• Research Papers:

– Gupta, M., et al. (2021). Machine Learning Approaches for AQI


Prediction. Environmental Research, 194, 110628.
– Zhang, H., et al. (2020). Time Series Forecasting of Air Quality
Using LSTM Networks. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(7),
1206-1215.

10

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