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Week 2 Common Properties of Fluid

The document discusses the properties and branches of fluid mechanics, including hydraulics, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, and hydrokinetics. It defines fluids, mass density, specific volume, mass, specific weight, and specific gravity, providing formulas and examples for calculations. Additionally, it lists common fluids and their specific gravities, along with sample problems for practical application.

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anjieburce
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7 views13 pages

Week 2 Common Properties of Fluid

The document discusses the properties and branches of fluid mechanics, including hydraulics, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, and hydrokinetics. It defines fluids, mass density, specific volume, mass, specific weight, and specific gravity, providing formulas and examples for calculations. Additionally, it lists common fluids and their specific gravities, along with sample problems for practical application.

Uploaded by

anjieburce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMON

PROPERTIES OF
FLUIDS
Engr. Samuel Bulalacao
Fluid Mechanics
-It is the science dealing with the action of fluids at
rest or in motion.
Hydraulics
-It deals with the application of fluid mechanics to
engineering devices involving liquids.
- Flow of fluids through Pipes
- Flow of fluids in open channels
- Design of pumps, canals, open channels
Fluid Mechanics
-It is the science dealing with the action of fluids at
rest or in motion.

Fluid
Mechanics

Fluid Fluid Fluid


Static Kinematics Dynamics
FLUIDS

Are substances which deforms continuously or flows


when subjected to external shearing forces.

Fluid is a substance that is capable of flowing. It has


no definite shape of its own. It assumes the shape of
its container.
Branches of Hydraulics

Hydraulics

Hydrostatics Hydrodynamics
Hydrokinetics

Hydrostatics- The study of fluid at rest.


Hydrokinetics- The study of pure motion in fluids
Hydrodynamics- The study of forces (including velocity and acceleration)
exerted by or upon liquids in motion.
Common Properties of Fluids
Number of particles/molecules

It measures how compact the mass in a substance or object is.


Mass Density (ρ)
ratio of volume and mass of a fluid
𝑀
ρ =
𝑉
Where:
ρ=mass density Substance Mass
V=volume of fluid 𝑚3 Density(kg
M=mass of fluid kg /m3)
Water 1000
𝑘𝑔 𝑔 Petrol 750
Water ρ = 1000 or 1
m3 cm3
Diesel 850
UNIT (S.I) Wood 600

𝑘𝑔 Mercury 13600
SI: m3
Oil 950
𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠
English: ft3
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
Metric: cm3
Specific Volume

1 -defined as the number of cubic meters occupied by one kilogram of a


𝑉𝑠 = particular substance.
𝜌

Mass
A quantitative measure of the amount of matter in a given body.

𝑊
𝑀= Or 𝑊 = 𝑀𝑔
𝑔
Where:
W= weight in kN or N or lb Note:
𝑚
g = acceleration of earth’s gravity 1 N = 1 kg ( 2 )
𝑠
g = 9.81 m/sec2 or 32.2 ft/ sec2
Specific Weight or Unit weight (𝛄)
Where:
𝑊 The weight of a unit volume of a substance. W= weight in (kN or N or lb)
𝛾 = γ= Specific weight
𝑉 The ratio of weight to its Volume
V= Volume in m3 or ft3

UNIT (S.I) UNIT (English) 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝛄 = ρ𝑔


𝑁 𝑙𝑏 9.81 kN/m3 or 62.4 lb/ft3
m3 ft3

It shows ratio of specific weight of the fluid to specific weight of the


Specific Gravity (s) water.

𝛾𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 It can be also the ratio of density of the fluid to density of the
s = water.
𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑠=
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Common Fluids and their Specific Gravity
(if not given)

Water…………………………………….1.0
Sea Water………………………………1.03
Oil…………………………………………..0.8
Mercury………………………………….13.6
Glycerin…………………………………..1.26
For water at 4℃:

𝑙𝑏
𝛾 = 62.4 ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 = 9.81 𝑘𝑛ൗ𝑚3
𝜌 = 1.94 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 = 1000 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3
Problem 1.

𝐼𝑓 4.6 𝑚3 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑠 3000 𝑘𝑔.

a. Calculate its mass density in kg/ 𝑚3


b. Calculate its unit weight in N/ 𝑚3
c. Calculate its specific gravity.
SAMPE PROBLEMS

1. The specific gravity of certain oil is 0.82. Calculate the specific weight in kN/ m3 𝜸𝒐𝒊𝒍 = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
𝑙𝑏 𝜸𝒐𝒊𝒍 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟖 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑
2. The specific gravity of certain oil is 0.82. Calculate the specific weight in
𝑓𝑡 3
3. A reservoir of glycerin has a mass of 1,200 kg and a volume
of 0.952 cu. m. Find its (a) weight, (b) specific weight (c) mass
density, and (d) specific gravity.

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