0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views9 pagesSound Class 11th State Board
Chapter 8 discusses the principles of sound, including wave types, properties, and phenomena such as echo and reverberation. It covers mathematical expressions related to waves, the Doppler effect, and factors affecting sound velocity. Additionally, it includes various examples and multiple-choice questions to reinforce understanding of sound concepts.
Uploaded by
nandinitalreja17Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views9 pagesSound Class 11th State Board
Chapter 8 discusses the principles of sound, including wave types, properties, and phenomena such as echo and reverberation. It covers mathematical expressions related to waves, the Doppler effect, and factors affecting sound velocity. Additionally, it includes various examples and multiple-choice questions to reinforce understanding of sound concepts.
Uploaded by
nandinitalreja17Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 9
Chapter
8 Sound
86 Principle of Superposition of Waves
‘8.1 Introduction 8
ion and Acoustics
8.2 Common Properties of All Waves 8.7 Echo, Reverberation
f nf vind
| 8.3. Transverse Waves and Longitudinal Waves “8.8 Qualities of Sot
i /
‘84 Mathematical Expression of a Wave 18.9 Doppler Effect
85 The Speed of Travelling Waves :
Quick Review
> Types of Waves:
x + ‘ ¥ i
Waves
%
Mechanical Waves} (Electro-magnetic Wave Progressive Wave , Matter Waves ) {Statin
They require a The waves generated | | Waves in which a | | The waves) \_Waves|
mediaints due 2 Periodic | | disturbance created at one | | associated with
propagate. oscillation of mutually place travels to distant as moving
Eran soe perpendicular electric oints and keeps travelling particle are
foe | | and magnetic fields. unless stopped by an called matter
1 extemal force are known wave,
| as travelling or
} progressive waves, |
Particles of the medium vibrate |
in a direction perpendicular to
the direction of propagation of |
the wave, |
Example: Light waves | | longitudinal wave. |
— J diane Sound Waves
© scanned with OKEN Scanner {_Pme The state of oscillation ofa particle is called its phase.
Wave is periodic in ti
periodicity Periodic in time and space.
lL
, Wavelength (1)> The distance between two successive particles which are in the same state of vibration
| Period (T) > The time taken by the particle of a medium to complete one vibration.
| Velocity (v) > The distance covered by a wave per unit time.
+ AL Freeney (a) > The number of vibrations performed by a particle per second
>) Amplitude (A) ) TH largest displacement ofa particle of a medium through which the wave is propagating,
from its rest position
> Factors affecting velocity of sound:
Factors affecting veleoity of sound
ey
a ¥ ¥
fe Pressure Humidity ‘Temperature
| 1 | Independent of pressure if 2 | Speed increases with 3 volt
( temperature is constant 2) _Moistess of ar AsTtvt
> — Common characteristics of a medium transmitting sound wave:
and oscillate about their mean position,
—______!
ion: This helps particles not to lose energy.
© scanned with OKEN Scanner Phenomena based on sound:
S /
|
(1 Jo eee
rl i "
' (Repetition of sound due to reflection)
’ ie trae |
Phenomena | ease |
boeden be Reverberation 5
souitid ' (Multiple reflections of sound)
mas ' Doppler effect
(Apparent change in frequency of sound heard by listener
due to relative motion between source and listener)
> Qualities of sound:
Qualities of sound
oo spot aa
Pitch Timbre Loundness
(high frequency, high pitch) (quality of sound) | | (measure of intensity of sound)
Formulae .
1. Relation between v,n and A: Loudness of sound:
i m ii, Lins loge (4)
2. Wavelengt 7
\ Doppler formula for apparent frequency:
i ast ii, Source approaching a stationary Listen,
- v
3. Velocity of sound wave: o=a =] |
i, Newton's formula: v E Source receding from a stationary observer,
P i
v
ji, Laplace's formula: 5 nen
z } vey, |
=]? a =S
Vf in gases) where ym ‘ii, Listener approaching stationary sour, |
| an eH a(t)
Yu VM : v |
| = aa tiv, Listener receding from a stationary source,
{ 4. Factors affecting velocity of sound: ; |
\
i Density:v 9
a +1 ¥, Both source and Listener approaching each other
ii. Temperature: v« JT i 5
\
___| vic Both source and Listener receding from each
other, n= ng) “—
(=
© scanned with OKEN Scanner Shorteuts
of sound at any temperature t °C use the formula, v.= vot (0.61)
2, When listoner or source moves towards
from other , there is a shift down in fre
1, Tofind the velocity
other, there is a shift up in frequency and whenever they move away
quency.
Mindbenders ¥
all be transverse of longitudinal depending on the
1, Amechanical wave sh;
i, nature of the medium mode of excitation of vibration. ;
because solids can sustain
in. On strings, mechanical waves are always transverse.
the shearing strain. Therefore, only longitudinal waves can
both, the shearing strain as well as compressional sta
Gases ean sustain only compressional stain and not
pass through air and other gases,
2. Ripple is neither transverse wave nor longitudinal wave but occurs due to combination of these two waves.
3, If two or more persons are sp
eaking simultaneoust
“when two or more waves
ly, we hear each of them due to an important property that
08s each other they ar
w not affected in any way.”
4.
5. Sound produced in air is not hi
& For sound waves vw > vs, Therefore, in travelling fromair to water, a beam of sound. bends away from
normal, whereas a beam of light bends towards the normal,
The formula for velocity of sound does not involve frequency or wav
‘or wavelength travels through a given medium with the same velocity.
8, Although the densities of solids and liquids are hi
in liquids > speed of sound in gases. This i
liquids and solids have much greater bulk
elength. Hence sound of any frequency
igher than gases, speed of sound in solids > speed of sound
s because liquids and solids are less compressible than gases,
‘modulus than that of gases.
9. Doppler shift is a little greater when the source
approaching to the source with the same speed.
ey
is approaching to the listener than when the listener is
Multiple Choice Questions
(A) 056m (B)
© iim (D)
0.89 m
129m
1, Select the ‘WRONG? statement out of the
following. [2023] | 2 Ifthe equation of a transverse wave is y = 5 sin
(A) Electromagnetic waves do not require any anf 1. : ‘where distances insanvand tice
medium for their propagation, (0.047 40 a
(B) Electromagnetic waves can travel through in second, then the wavelength oft Pic
‘vacuum with speed of light ut ne i
- 25.en
(C) Material medium is necessary for (A) 10cm ) 3 om
propagation of electromagnetic waves. (©) 40cm (0) 60cm
(D) Eleetrom:
nature.
gnetic waves are transverse in
Common Properties of All Waves
A tuning fork makes 256 vibrations per second
in air, When velocity of sound is 330 msec
then wavelength of the tone emitted is [1999]
Which of the following requires a. medium for
their propagation? (2013)
(A) Light wave
(B) Electromagnetic wave
(C) Microwave
(D) Sound wave
© scanned with OKEN Scanner 4
5.
10.
eer
bias jawed shal
‘The frequency of a tuning fork is 220 Hz and
the velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s. When the
tuning fork completes 80. vibrations, the
distance travelled by the vibrations is [2020]
(A) 120m (B) 60m
(©) 53m (D) 100m
‘A sound wave of frequency 160 Hz has a
velocity of 320 m/s. When it travels through air,
the particles having a phase difference of 90°,
‘are separated by a distance of [2020]
(A) 50cm (B)
(©) 250m ©
‘An obstacle is moving towards the source with
velocity *V". The sound is reflected from the
obstacle. If °C” is the speed of sound and ‘2’ is
the wavelength, then the wavelength of the
reflected wave (2,) is 12020)
a (Sp n= (*)
© a (EE ) (Se)
cr
‘A progressive wave of frequency 50 Hz is
travelling with velocity 350 m/s through a
medium. The change in phase at a given time
Tem
75m
interval of 0.01 s is [2020]
3x x
(A) Fra () Fad
(©) xrad (D) Fad
The frequency of a tuning fork is ‘n’ Hz and
velocity of sound in air is ‘V’ m/s. When the
tuning fork completes ‘x’ vibrations, the
distance travelled by the wave is (2021)
v Va vy x
a + o-oo;
xn x 7m Vn
Velocity of sound waves in air is ‘V" mV/s. For a
particular sound wave in air, path difference of
+x? cm is equivalent to phase difference nz. The
frequency of this wave is [2021]
a @
; «
Vn 2
© ow 2
Two tuning forks of frequencies 320 Hz and
480 Hz are sounded together to produce sound
waves. The velocity of sound in air is 320 ms!
The difference between wavelengths of these
waves is nearly [2021]
(A) 480m (B) 165m
(©) 330m (D) 42cm
11. An observer at sea-coast counts 42 way
minute, If the wavelength of the wayee
then the velocity of the waves will be " y
(A) 4810s 8) 5.6m Py
(©) 64 mis (D) 72m
12. A sound of frequency 480 Hz is emitte 5
the stringed instrument. The Velocity of got
iris 320 mvs. After completing 180 vibyag®
the distance covered by a wave is on,
Rony
90m
180 m
(B)
(A) 60m
(@)
(Cc) 120m
13, Two sounding sources send waves at can,
temperature in air of wavelength 50 om zy
50.5 cm respectively. The frequency of sous
differ by 6 Hz. The velocity of sound in aig
same temperature is 2023)
(A) 300 mis (B) 303 ms
(©) 313 ms (D) 330 ms
‘Transverse Waves and Longitudinal Waye,
ee ae,
Which one of the following statements is true?
[2021
The sound waves in air are longituding,
while the light waves in air are transverse,
Both light and sound waves in air are
transverse.
Both light and sound waves in air are
longitudinal.
The sound waves are transverse and light
waves are longitudinal.
()
(8)
(©)
(D)
Mathematical expression of a wave
1. The equation of the progressive wave is
Y=3 sn[a(4-2) 2] whee x and Y are in
metre and time in second. Which of the
following is correct? [2017]
(A) _ velocity, v = 1.5 m/s
(B) amplitude, A=3 em
(©) frequency, f= 0.2 Hz
(D) wavelength, 4= 10 m
2. The equation of — wave ~— motion —_ is
y = 6 sin fram 0.02nx + x), where x is in m
and tin second. The velocity of the wave is
{2020}
(A) 400 mis (B)
(©) 600 ms )
200 mis
100 mis
© scanned with OKEN Scanner ie
“thes
9 monioatomic ideal gases f
rela masses my and m; reipeatiy a
coclosed in Separate containers kept atthe same
temperature. The ratio of the speed of sound in
gas A (otha B38 B is given by 2020)
(Dy) &
m,
B® 2 @ |&
my ™,
sound waves take 3 minutes to travel between
two stations, when the temperature of air ig
27°C. If the temperature of air increases to
7°C, the sound waves will take how much time
(in minutes) (to travel between two same
stations?
12020)
[31 [3
Ne ®) AF
(30 i}
© An ©) 3%
The velocity of sound in air is ‘V,’. If the
density of air is doubled, then the velocity of
sound will be 2021)
a ™% ® Ww © % © ee
‘A uniform metal wire has length ‘L’, mass ‘M
and density ‘p”. It is under tension ‘T” and ‘V’ is
the speed of transverse wave along the wire. °
‘The area of cross-section of the wire is [2021]
T T
a a)
W ® az
1
p) 2
© =
What is the ratio of the velocity of sound in
hydrogen (r 4 to that in helium {y 5) at
the same temperature? (Molecular weight of
hydrogen and helium is 2 and 4 respectively.)
(2021)
(B)
(D)
What is the effect of pressure on the speed of
sound in a medium, if pressure is doubled at
constant temperature? [2021]
(A) Remains same
(B) Reduced to half
(C) Gets doubled
8.
%
10.
Mu.
12,
13.
The wavelength of sound in any yas depends
upon (2021
(A) “intensity of sound waves only
(B) density and elasticity of the gas
(C) wavelength of sound only
(D) amplitude and frequency of sound
‘The ratio of the speed of sound in helium gas to
that in nitrogen gas at same temperature is
5 1 hues 3
te * pie 3 Mye = 4 My, = 28)
(2022)
5 2 Fof
wto fo fog
At what temperature will the speed of sound be
nearly 1.5 times its value at N.T.P.? [2022]
(A) 409°C (B) 136°C
(C) 614°C (D) 341°C
‘Two copper wires of radii ‘r;" and ‘(ty > 12)
are subjected to same tension and are plucked.
‘The transverse waves will [2022]
(A) travel faster in the thinner wire
(B) travel faster in the thicker wire
(©) not travel through both the wires
(D) travel with the same velocity in both the
wires
If the temperature of the gaseous medium drops
by 2% then velocity of sound in that medium
(2023)
(A) _ increases by 4%
(B) decreases by 1%
(©) decreases by 0.5%
(D) remains unchanged
At what temperature will the speed of sound in
air be 2 times its speed at N.T.P? (2023)
(A) 546K (B) 819°C
(C) 1092°C (D) 819K
A uniform rope of length ‘L? and mass ‘m,”
hangs vertically From a rigid support. A block of
‘mass ‘m," is attached to the free end of the rope.
A transverse wave of wavelength *2y" is
produced at the lower end of the rope, The
wavelength of the wave when it reaches the top
(2023)
of the rope is ‘Az’. The ratio
(a) [ -
mF,
(c)
(D)
mem
mm
© scanned with OKEN Scanner M4,
15,
A tuning fork of frequency 220 Hz produces
sound waves of wavelength 1S m in air at
NAVD. The inctease in wavelength when the
temperature of air is 27°C is nearly
300.)
300 95
i es
(A) 0.06m (B)
C) 009m (0)
A uniform wire 20 m long and weighing 50 N
hangs vertically. The speed of the wave at mid
point of the wire is
(acceleration due to gravity
[2023]
010m
0.07 m
g= 10ms”)
12023]
(B) 10/3 ms!
(D) Zero ms!
(A) dims!
(©) 10ms!
8.7 _ Echo, Reverberation and Acoustics
between two parallel cliffs fires
I
@ gun and hears two echoes, first afler one
second and 2" after four second. If the velocity
of sound is 340 m/s, the distance between the
isis 12022]
(A) S10m (B) 1020m
(C) 1700m (D) 850m
88 _Qualiti _
Which one of the following _ statements
regarding pitch of sound is ‘WRONG"? [2023]
Pitch refers to sharpness of the sound.
@)
(B) Tone refers to the single frequency of that
wave.
(©) High pitch sound need not be louder.
(D) _ In general, male sound is sharper than that
of a female sound.
8.9 Doppler Effect ae
1. A source is moving towards observer with speed
‘of 20 ms' and having frequency 240 Hz and
observer is moving towards source with a
velocity of 20 ms', What is the apparent
frequency heard by observer, if velocity of
sound is 340 ms! ? (2004)
(A) 270 Hz (B) 240Hz
(C) 268 Hz (0) 360 Hz
2, If'a source emitting waves of frequency f moves
towards an observer with a velocity and the
observer moves away from the source with a
parent frequency as heard by
velocity of
20071
velocity v6, th
the observer will be (where, v
sound)
4
Veal
MW by
(Ay as
2
(c) ©) ar
The pitch of the whistle of an eine ip
3) of orig e whe
drop 0 () of orginal value wh
observer. IF'the speed of soup,
stationary speed
380 Me then the speed of engine jg |
ty
(ay 35s (B) Toms Ph
(Cy 105 mis () 140mg
‘The observer is moving With Velogi
towards the stationary source of sound ang
der erossing moves away TOM the sour
Metoety “we Assume that the medium ty
aie the sounel waves travel is at res, jp
r ee i
the velocity of sound and ‘n? is the Fag
en
the source then the ditty
emitted b} e
ci apparent frequencies heard FF
between apy
observer is Loony
anv ai
mM w® ™
— (Oe
© in ™%
When source of sound moves towards ,
stationary observer, the wavelength of sou,
received by hi Leo,
(A) decreases while frequency increases
(B) remains the same whereas frequeny
increases
increases and frequency also increases
(©
(D) decreases while frequency remains te
same
An observer moves towards a stationary soute
of sound, with a velocity one-fifth of the velociy
of sound. What is the percentage increase in the
‘apparent frequency’
12019, 2008)
0.5%
(A) Zero
© 3%
(B)
(D)
20%
A bus is moving with a velocity of 5 ms |
towards a wall. The driver blows the hom of |
frequency 165 Hz. Ifthe speed of sound in airs
335 mvs, then after reflection of sound wave, the
number of beats per second heard by the
passengers in the bus will be [2020] |
A) 5 (B) 6
© 2 @ 4 i
© scanned with OKEN Scanner %
10.
12.
When the observer moves towards the stationary
source with velocity, “Vi the apparent
fiequency of emitted note is *F,*. When the
observer Moves away from the source with
selocity “Vi', the apparent frequency is *
*V" is the velocity of sound in air and
= 2 then
(2020, 2016)
(B) 3
(D) 5
If a star appearing yellow starts accelerating
towards the earth, its colour appears to be tumed
12020)
(a) suddenly red. (B) gradually red,
(C) suddenly blue. (D) gradually blue.
A wain blowing the whistle moves with a
constant velocity *V’ away from an observer
standing on the platform. The ratio of the
natural frequency of the whistle ‘n* to the
apparent frequency is 1.2 : 1. If the train is at
rest and the observer moves away from it at
the same velocity ‘V", the ratio of *n’ to the
apparent frequency is
(2020
1.52: 1
2.0521
(A)
©
(B)
(D)
OSL:1
12521
With what velocity an observer should move
relative to a stationary source so that a sound of
double the frequency of source is heard by an
observer?
12020)
(A) Same as velocity of sound towards the
source
(B) Twice the velocity of sound towards the
souree
(©) Half the velocity of sound towards the
source
(D) Same as velocity of sound away from the
source
A police car travels towards a stationary
‘observer at a speed of 20 ms”. The siren on
the car emits a sound of frequency 320 Hz. If
the speed of sound is 340 ms" then frequency
recorded by the observer will be
(2021)
(A)
©
170 Hz
340 Hz
(B)
(D)
320 Hz
640 Hz
13.
14,
15,
16.
17.
A. source of sound is moving towards a
stationary observer with velocity "V,’ and then
moves away with velocity *V,’. Assume that the
medium through which the sound waves travel
is at rest, If ‘V* is the velocity of sound and *n’
is the frequency emitted by the source then the
difference between the apparent frequencies
heard by the observer is difficult
(2022, 2020)
VV,
(v'+va)
2nVV, @)
AVY,
nV,
(veya)
© ww)
(D)
The pitch of the whistle of an engine appears to
drop by 20 % of original value when it passes
stationary observer. If speed of sound in air is
350 mis, then speed of engine in m/s is [2022]
(A) 175 (B) 875
(©) 1050 (D) 520.5
A train is moving towards a stationary observer
with speed 34 mis. A train sounds a whistle of
frequency 450 Hz. If the speed of sound in
340 mm/s, the frequency heard by the observer in
His
[2023]
(A) 440 (B) 480
(©) 500 (D) 540
Tw
sources are at finite distance apart. They
emit sounds of wavelength ‘2’. An observer
situated between them on the line joining them,
approaches one source with speed ‘u’. Then the
number of beats heard per second by the
observer will be 12023}
w = @ ) +
ra (c) t
=
x
Two sourees P and Q produce notes of
frequency 660 Hz each. A listener moves from.
P to Q with a speed of | mis. If the speed of
sound is 330 m/s, then the number of beats
heard by the listener per second will be [2023]
(A) zero (By) 2
© 4 (D) 8
‘A source of sound is travelling towards a
stationary observer. The frequency of sound
heard by observer is three times the original
frequency. If the velocity of sound is V mis, the
speed of source is 2023)
a) (D) 3V
(B) Vv
©
© scanned with OKEN Scanner 20.
21.
When both source and listener are approaching
each other the observed frequency of sound is
given by (V; and Vs is the velocity of listener
and source respectively, ny = radiated
frequency) (2023)
en AN ea (NAN
(A). nen [2% | (B) n= no ey : ‘]
enol VY =n | Vt
(C) one mf =X] (D) n= mf 8
Consider the Doppler effect in two cases. In the
first case, an observer moves towards a
stationary source of sound with a speed of
50 is. In the second case, the observer is at rest
and the source moves towards the observer with
the same speed of 50 m/s. Then the frequency
heard by the observer will be
[velocity of sound in air=330 vs] [2023]
(A) same in both the cases.
(B) _ more in the second case than in the first case.
(C) __ less in the second case than in the first case.
(D) _ less than the actual frequency in both the
cases.
A car sounding a horn of frequency 1000 Hz
passes a stationary observer. The ratio of
frequencies of the horn noted by the observer
before and after passing the car is 11 : 9. If the
speed of sound is ‘v’, the speed of the car is
[2023]
(A) ov (B) 3 s
© = © >
5
22. A passenger is sitting ina train which is Movin,
fast, The engine of the train blows a whist], n
frequency ‘n’, If the apparent frequency
sound heard by the passenger is “f then (2033)
(A) f=n (B) f>n
(C) f
