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AGA KHAN HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL,

Karachi

Computer Science Practicals XII

Certificate

It is certified that Mr./Ms. SHEZAN ALI of XII Computer Science

has carried out the necessary practical work as prescribed by the Aga

Khan University Examination Board (AKUEB) for the year

2024-2025

Incharge:

________________
Sir. Irfan Abdullah
Lecturer Computer Science
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Practical No. Date Objective Page No. Sign

01 Aug 22, Write a C++ program to swap 7

2024 two numbers without using the
third variables.
02 Aug 29, Write a C++ program which 8
2024 takes input from user and
shows whether a number is
positive,
negative or zero.

03 Sept 05, Write a program which takes 10

2024 input for 3 numbers and find
the greatest among them.

05 Write a program which takes 11

Sept 12, marks as an input and
2024 calculates the grades of
students based on
marks.
05 Sept 19, Write a program in C++ and
2024 show whether the input 13
character is vowel or consonant
using
switch case.
06 Sept 26, Write a C++ program to
2024 calculate the sum of the first 10 15
positive odd numbers.

07 Oct 03, Write the program to print the

2024 factorial of an input number. 16
 4|Page

08 Oct 10, Generate the following pattern 17

2024 by using nested For loop.
**********
**********
**********
**********

09 Oct 10, Print the following format using

2024 nested for loop.

1 18
12
123
1234
12345
123456
1234567
10 Oct 17, Print the following output by
2024 using nested for loop.
20
*
***
*****
*******
*********

11 Oct 17, Print the following output by

2024 using nested for loop. 22

*
**
***
****
*****
 5|Page

12 Oct 24, Write a C++ program which

2024 stores numeric values in a one-
dimensional array using for 24
loop
and finds the highest, lowest
and average values.
13 Write a program to make a
Oct 31, 2024 signup interference which takes
user name, password, retype-
password as an input and
compare the password and re- 26
enter password of user for sign
up,using strings library.

14 Nov 07, Write a program to add two

2024 matrices of order up to 4×4
using a two dimensional array 28
and
show the ordered output in third
matrix.
15 Nov 14, Write a program involving use of
2024 user defined function to calculate 32
volume of cylinder,sphere and
cube.

16 Nov 14, Write a program involving user

2024 defined function to calculate
average of given numbers. 35

17 Nov 21, Write a program involving a

2024 user defined function to check
whether the input number is a 37
prime number or not.
 6|Page

18 Nov 28, Write a simple program using

2024 referencing and dereference
operator the find the value and
address of each element of an 39
array using pointers. (Hint: Use
for loop)
19 Jan 30, Write a C++ program
2025
in which a class uses 41
both public and private
access specifiers.
20 Feb 06, Write a C++ program to
2025 implement the concept
of multiple inheritance 43
in object oriented
programming.

21 Feb Write a C++ program to

13,2025 read and print employee
45
information using multiple
inheritance.
 7|Page

PRACTICAL NUMBER 1
Write a C++ program to swap two numbers without using the third variables.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 5, b = 6;

a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;
cout<<"The values of a and b after swapping is a: "<<a<< " b: "<<b;
}

OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 2
Write a C++ program which takes input from user and shows whether a number is
positive, negative or zero.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a;
cout << "Enter any number: ";
cin >> a;
if (a<0){
cout<<"number is negative";
}
else if (a>0) {
cout<<"number is positive";
}
else {
cout<<"number is zero";
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 3
Write a program which takes input for 3 numbers and find the greatest among
them.

Source code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int num1, num2, num3;

cout << "Enter three numbers: ";

cin >> num1 >> num2 >> num3;

if (num1 >= num2 && num1 >= num3) {

cout << "The greatest number is: " << num1 << endl;
} else if (num2 >= num1 && num2 >= num3) {
cout << "The greatest number is: " << num2 << endl;
} else {
cout << "The greatest number is: " << num3 << endl;
}

return 0;
}
OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 4
Write a program which takes marks as an input and calculates the grades of
students based on marks.

Source code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int a;
cout << "Enter your marks: ";
cin >> a;

if (a < 0 || a > 100) {

cout << "Invalid";
} else if (a >= 80) {
cout << "A+";
} else if (a >= 70) {
cout << "A";
} else if (a >= 60) {
cout << "B";
} else if (a >= 50) {
cout << "C";
} else if (a >= 40) {
cout << "D";
} else {
cout << "You are failed";
}

return 0;
}
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OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 5
Write a program in C++ and show whether the input character is vowel or
consonant using switch case.
Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
char ch;
cout << "Enter an alphabet: ";
cin >> ch;

switch (ch) {
case 'A': case 'a':
case 'E': case 'e':
case 'I': case 'i':
case 'O': case 'o':
case 'U': case 'u':
cout << "Vowel" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Consonant" << endl;
break;
}

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 6

Write a C++ program to calculate the sum of the first 10

positive odd numbers.

SOURCE CODE:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, sum=0;
for (i=1 ;i<10; i+=2)
{
sum+=i;
}
cout<<"sum: "<<sum;
}

OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 7
Write the program to print the factorial of an input number.

SOURCE CODE:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, index, factorial;
cout<<"enter a number:";
cin>>index;
for(i=1; i<index; i++)
{

factorial=index*i;
}
cout<<"the value of factorial is "<<factorial<<endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 8
Generate the following pattern by using nested For loop.
**********
**********
**********
**********

SOURCE CODE:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

for(int i=1; i<5; i++)

{
for(int j=1; j<=10; j++)

cout<<"*";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}

Output
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 9

Print the following format using nested for loop.

1
12
123
1234
12345
123456
1234567

Source code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

for(int i=1; i<=7; i++)

{
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)

cout<<j;
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
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Output
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 10

Print the following output by using nested for loop.

*
***
*****
*******
*********

Source code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

for(int i=1; i<=9; i+=2)

{
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)

cout<<"*";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
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Output
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 11
Print the following output by using nested for loop.

*
**
***
****
*****

Source code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++)

{
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)

cout<<"*";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
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Output
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PRACTICAL NUMBER 12
Write a C++ program which stores numeric values in a one-dimensional array using
for loop and finds the highest, lowest and average values.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int a[10], max, low, sum = 0;
double average;

cout << "Enter number of elements (up to 10): ";

int n;
cin >> n;
cin>>a[0];

max =a[0];
low=a[0];
sum = a[0];
cout<<"now enter those elements:";
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
cin >> a[i];
sum += a[i];

if (a[i] > max) {

max = a[i];
}

if (a[i] < low) {

low = a[i];
}
}

average = sum / (double)n;

cout << "The maximum value is: " << max << endl;
cout << "The lowest value is: " << low << endl;
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cout << "The average is: " << average << endl;

return 0;
}

Output
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Practical number 13
Write a program to make a signup interference which takes user name, password,
retype-password as an input and compare the password and re-enter password of
user for sign up,using strings library.

Source code:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int main() {

char validuser[] = "user123";

char validpass[] = "pass123";
char username[50];
char password[50];

cout << "Enter a username: ";

cin >> username;
cout << "Enter a password: ";
cin >> password;

if (strcmp(username, validuser) == 0) {

if (strcmp(password, validpass) == 0) {
cout << "You are signed in!" << endl;
} else {
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cout << "Incorrect password." << endl;

}
} else {

cout << "Incorrect username." << endl;

}

return 0;
}
}

Output
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Practical number 14
Write a program to add two matrices of order up to 4×4 using a two dimensional
array and show the ordered output in third matrix.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int k1[4][4], k2[4][4], s[4][4], i, j, k;
cout << "Matrix A: " << endl;
for (i=0;i<4;i++) {
for (j=0;j<4;j++) {
cout << "Enter an element in row " << i+1 << " column " << j+1 <<"
: ";
cin >> k1[i][j];
}
}
cout << "Matrix B: " << endl;
for (i=0;i<4;i++) {
for (j=0;j<4;j++) {
cout << "Enter an element in row " << i+1 << " column " << j+1 <<"
: ";
cin >> k2[i][j];
}
}
cout << "The sum of matrix A and B: " << endl;
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for (i=0;i<4;i++) {
for (j=0;j<4;j++) {
s[i][j] = k1[i][j] + k2[i][j];
}
}
for (i=0;i<4;i++) {
for (j=0;j<4;j++) {
cout << setw(3) << s[i][j];
}
cout << endl;
}
}
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Output
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Practical number 15
Write a program involving use of user defined function to calculate volume of
cylinder,sphere and cube.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

double volumeOfCylinder(double radius, double height) {

return M_PI * radius * radius * height;
}

double volumeOfSphere(double radius) {

return (4.0 / 3.0) * M_PI * radius * radius * radius;
}

double volumeOfCube(double side) {

return side * side * side;
}

int main() {
int choice;
cout << "Choose the shape to calculate volume:" << endl;
cout << "1. Cylinder" << endl;
cout << "2. Sphere" << endl;
cout << "3. Cube" << endl;
cout << "Enter your choice (1/2/3): ";
cin >> choice;

if (choice == 1) {
double radius, height;
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cout << "Enter radius of the cylinder: ";

cin >> radius;
cout << "Enter height of the cylinder: ";
cin >> height;
if (radius > 0 && height > 0) {
cout << "Volume of the cylinder: " << volumeOfCylinder(radius,
height) << endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid input. Radius and height must be positive
numbers." << endl;
}
} else if (choice == 2) {
double radius;
cout << "Enter radius of the sphere: ";
cin >> radius;
if (radius > 0) {
cout << "Volume of the sphere: " << volumeOfSphere(radius) <<
endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid input. Radius must be positive." << endl;
}
} else if (choice == 3) {
double side;
cout << "Enter side length of the cube: ";
cin >> side;
if (side > 0) {
cout << "Volume of the cube: " << volumeOfCube(side) << endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid input. Side length must be positive." << endl;
}
} else {
cout << "Invalid choice!" << endl;
}

return 0;
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Output
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Practical number 16
Write a program involving user defined function to calculate average of
given numbers.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double calculateAverage(double sum, int count) {

return sum / count;
}

int main() {
int n;
double num, sum = 0;

cout << "How many numbers? ";

cin >> n;

cout << "Enter the numbers: ";

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin >> num;
sum += num;
}

double average = calculateAverage(sum, n);

cout << "The average is: " << average << endl;

return 0;
}
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Output
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Practical number 17
Write a program involving a user defined function to check whether
the input number is a prime number or not.

Source code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void primeno();
int main()
{ primeno();
return 0;
}
void primeno()
{
int number, j, flag = 0;
cout << "Enter any integer and press enter to check: ";

cin >> number;

for(j = 2; j <= number/2; ++j)

{
if(number % j == 0)
{ flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (flag == 1)
{ cout << number << " is not a prime number.";
}
else
{ cout << number << " is a prime number.";
}
}
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output
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Practical number 18
Write a simple program using referencing and dereference operator the find the
value and address of each element of an array using pointers. (Hint: Use for loop)

Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int k1[5], i, j;
for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
cout << "Enter " << i+1 << " element: "; cin >> k1[i];
}
int *ptr; ptr = k1;
for (i=0;i<5;i++) {
cout << "The address of element " << i+1 << " is: " << ptr;
cout << "\nThe value of element " << i+1 << " is: " << *ptr;
ptr++;
cout << endl; }
}
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Output
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Practical number 19
Write a C++ program in which a class uses both public
and private access specifiers.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Rect {
private:
int len, bred;
public:
Rect(int x, int y) {
len = x;
bred = y;
}

// Function to calculate area

int area() {
return len * bred;
}
};

int main() {
Rect b1(3, 4), b2(2, 3);

cout << "Area of box 1: " << b1.area() << endl;

cout << "Area of box 2: " << b2.area() << endl;

return 0;
}
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Output
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Practical number 20

Write a C++ program to implement the concept of multiple

inheritance in object oriented programming.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Vehicle {
public:
Vehicle() {
cout << "I am a vehicle!" << endl;
}
};

class Car: public Vehicle {

public:
Car() {
cout << "I am a car!" << endl;
}
};

class Bus: public Vehicle {

public:
Bus() {
cout << "I am a bus!" << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Car mustang;
cout << endl;
Bus doubledecker;
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return 0;
}

Output
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Practical number 21

Write a C++ program to read and print employee

information using multiple inheritance.

Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class basicinfo {
protected:
char name[30];
int emp_id;
char gender[10];

public:
void getbasic_info() {
cout << "Enter name: ";
cin.ignore();
cin.get(name, 30);

cout << "Enter employee ID: ";

cin >> emp_id;
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cout << "Enter gender: ";

cin.ignore();
cin.get(gender, 10);
}
};

class deptinfo {
protected:
char dept_name[30];
char assigned_work[30];
int time2complete;

public:
void Get_deptinfo() {
cout << "Enter department name: ";
cin.ignore();
cin.get(dept_name, 30);

cout << "Enter assigned work: ";

cin.ignore();
cin.get(assigned_work, 30);

cout << "Enter time in hours to complete work: ";

cin >> time2complete;
}
};

class employee : public basicinfo, public deptinfo {

public:
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void getemployeeinfo() {
cout << "\nEnter employee's basic info:" << endl;
getbasic_info();

cout << "\nEnter employee's department info:" << endl;

Get_deptinfo();
}

void printemployeeinfo() {
cout << "\nEmployee's information is..." << endl;
cout << "Basic Information: " << endl;
cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Employee ID: " << emp_id << endl;
cout << "Gender: " << gender << endl;

cout << "Department info: " << endl;

cout << "Department Name: " << dept_name << endl;
cout << "Assigned work: " << assigned_work << endl;
cout << "Time to complete work: " << time2complete << "
hours" << endl;
}
};

int main() {
employee emp;
emp.getemployeeinfo();
emp.printemployeeinfo();
return 0;
}
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output
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