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Introduction To Iot

The document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT), defining it as a network of devices connected to the internet through wireless technologies, with projections of over 20 billion connected 'things' in the near future. It discusses the evolution of IoT terminology, characteristics, market share across various sectors, and modern applications, highlighting the role of enabling technologies and connectivity layers. Additionally, it contrasts IoT with Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and the Web of Things (WoT), emphasizing the broader scope and interactions facilitated by IoT.

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12 views19 pages

Introduction To Iot

The document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT), defining it as a network of devices connected to the internet through wireless technologies, with projections of over 20 billion connected 'things' in the near future. It discusses the evolution of IoT terminology, characteristics, market share across various sectors, and modern applications, highlighting the role of enabling technologies and connectivity layers. Additionally, it contrasts IoT with Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and the Web of Things (WoT), emphasizing the broader scope and interactions facilitated by IoT.

Uploaded by

rs172
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO IoT

Dr. Arpita Bhargava


IoT-Definition
• Internet technology connecting devices, machines and tools to the
internet by means of wireless technologies.
• Over 9 billion ‘Things’ connected to the internet, as of now.
• ‘Things connected to the internet are projected to cross 20 billion in
the near future.
• Unification of technologies such as low-power embedded systems,
cloud computing, big-data, machine learning, and networking.
Origin of Terminology
• In the 2000s, we are heading into a new era of ubiquity, where the
users of the internet will be counted in billions and where humans
may become the minority as generators and receivers of traffic.
Instead , most of the traffic will flow between devices and all kinds of
“things”, thereby creating a much wider and more complex Internet
of Things.
Origin of Terminology
• The title of the report was Internet of Things.
• Discussed the possibility of internet connected M2M connectivity
networks, extending to common household devices.
• Some areas identified as IoT enablers:
• RFID
• Nanotechnology
• Sensors
• Smart Networks
Alternate Definition
• The Internet of Things is the network of physical objects that contain
embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with
their internal states or the external environment
Characteristics of IoT
• Efficient, scalable and associated architecture.
• Unambiguous naming and addressing
• Abundance of sleeping nodes, mobile and non-IP devices
• Intermittent connectivity
IoT Market share

Machinery
Healthcare Retail Security
Business

40.2% 30.3% 8.3% 7.7%


IoT Market share
• Business Manufacturing: Real-time analytics of supply chains and
equipment, robotic machinery.
• Health care: Portable health monitoring, electronic recordkeeping,
pharmaceutical safeguards
• Retail: Inventory tracking, smartphone purchasing, anonymous
analytics of consumer choices.
• Security: Biometric and facial recognition locks , remote sensors.
Evolution of Connected Devices Smart phones can be used to
World wide web debut in lock and unlock doors remotely
First ones installed in 2000s
Money dispensers 1991.
Revolution to computing and and business owners can
that went online in Revolution to computing change key codes rapidly to
communications
1974 and communications grant or restrict access to
employees and guests

ATMs Web Smart Digital


meters Locks
Devices connect to hospitals,
doctors and relatives to alert
them of medical emergencies
and take preventive measures.
Smart
Smart Smart Smart health
Dusts Cities Vehicle care

Computers smaller than the City-wide infrastructure Vehicles self diagnose themselves and
grains sands. communicating amongst themselves alert owners about the system
njections into the soil or human for unified and synchronized failures
body to diagnose problems operations and information
dissemination
Modern Day IoT Applications
• Forest Fire Detection • Radiation Levels
• Air Pollution • Explosive and Hazrdous gases
• Snow Level Monitoring • Supply chain control
• Landslide and Avalanche • NFC payment
prevention • Intelligent Shopping
• Earthquake Early Detection Applications
• Water Leakages • Smart Product management
Future and Systems

Sensors
Trillions Smart Systems
Applications
Billions
IoT
Millions
IoT Enablers

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
IMPLEMENTATION

CONNECTIVITY
Connectivity Layers

SERVICES

ZIGBEE RFID BLUETOOTH WI-FI

SERVICE
LOCAL CONNECTIVITY
PROVIDERS

GATEWAY GATEWAY GATEWAY


GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY IoT MANAGEMENT

INTERNET
BASE LINE TECHNOLOGIES
• A number of technologies that are very closely related to IoT include:
❖ M2M communications
❖ Cyber Physical Systems (WPS)
❖ Web of Things (WoT)
IoT vs M2M
• M2M refers to communications and interactions between machines
and devices
• Such interactions can occur via a cloud computing infrastructure.
• M2M offers the means for managing devices and device interaction
while also collecting machines nad/0r sensor data
• M2M is a term introduced by telecommunication service providers
and pays emphasis on machine interactions via one or more
telecom/communication networks (E.g, 3G, 4G, 5G, satellite, public
networks)
IoT vs M2M
• M2M is a part of IoT, while M2M standards have a prominent place in
the IoT standards landscape.
• However, IoT has a broader scope than M2M, since it comprises a
broader range of interactions, including interactions between the
devices and things, things and people, things with applixcations and
people with applications.
• It also enables the composition of workflows comprising all the above
interactions
• IoT includes the notion of internet connectivity ( which is provided in
most of the networks outlined above), but is not necessarily focused
on the use of telecom network
IoT vs WoT
• From a developers perspective, the WoT enables access and control
over ioT resources and applications using mainstream web
technologies (such as HTML 5.0, Javascript, Ajax, PHP, Ruby n’ Rails
etc)..
• The approach to building WoT is therefore based on RESTful
principles and REST APIs, which enables both developers and
deployers to benefit from the popularity and maturity of web
technologies.
• Still, building the WoT has various scalability, security etc, challenges,
especially as a roadmap towards a global WoT.
IoT vs WoT
• While WoT is about creating a network of objects, things, people,
systems, and appluications, WoT tries to integrate them to the Web.
• Technically speaking, WoT can be thought as a flavour/option of an
application layer added over the IoT’s network layer.
• The scope of an IoT application is broader and includes systems that
not accessible through the web.
Terminological Interdependence

IoP
M2M IoT

CPS Industry
4.0

IoE

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