Agile Fundamentals

1. What is the main focus of Agile project management?

a) Strict adherence to initial requirements
b) Continuous customer collaboration and adapting to changes
c) Eliminating documentation
d) Avoiding team interactions
Answer: b) Continuous customer collaboration and adapting to changes
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the Agile Manifesto values?
a) Working software over comprehensive documentation
b) Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
c) Following a rigid plan over responding to change
d) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Answer: c) Following a rigid plan over responding to change
3. What is the primary measure of progress in Agile?
a) Number of completed documents
b) Working software
c) Number of meetings held
d) Percentage of work planned
Answer: b) Working software
4. Agile was formally launched in which year?
a) 1995
b) 2001
c) 2010
d) 2015
Answer: b) 2001
5. Which of these is NOT an Agile principle?
a) Deliver working software frequently
b) Encourage late-stage requirement changes
c) Prioritize processes over individuals
d) Business people and developers must collaborate daily
Answer: c) Prioritize processes over individuals

Scrum Methodology

6. What is a Sprint in Scrum?

a) A long-term project plan
b) A short, timeboxed development cycle
c) A type of Agile meeting
d) A retrospective discussion
Answer: b) A short, timeboxed development cycle
7. Who leads the Scrum team?
a) Project Manager
b) Scrum Master
c) Product Owner
d) Development Team
Answer: b) Scrum Master
 8. What is the role of the Product Owner in Scrum?
a) Remove team obstacles
b) Manage the development team
c) Maintain and prioritize the product backlog
d) Write the code
Answer: c) Maintain and prioritize the product backlog
9. The list of functionalities and features that need to be developed in Scrum is
called:
a) Sprint Backlog
b) Product Backlog
c) Sprint Review
d) Epic List
Answer: b) Product Backlog
10. The meeting where the team discusses daily progress and impediments is called:
a) Sprint Planning
b) Sprint Retrospective
c) Daily Scrum
d) Backlog Grooming
Answer: c) Daily Scrum

Sprint Planning & Execution

11. What is the ideal length of a Sprint?

a) 1 day
b) 1–4 weeks
c) 2 months
d) 6 months
Answer: b) 1–4 weeks
12. What happens if a user story is not completed by the end of a Sprint?
a) It is discarded
b) It is moved back to the product backlog
c) The Sprint is extended
d) It is assigned to a different team
Answer: b) It is moved back to the product backlog
13. What is the main output of a Sprint?
a) A project plan
b) A completed software feature
c) A finalized budget
d) A signed contract
Answer: b) A completed software feature
14. The Scrum team commits to completing a set of items in a Sprint. These items
are called:
a) Product backlog items
b) Sprint backlog items
c) Kanban tasks
d) Feature stories
Answer: b) Sprint backlog items
 15. What is the primary goal of Sprint Planning?
a) Assigning tasks to developers
b) Creating a Gantt chart
c) Defining what can be delivered in the Sprint
d) Finalizing the entire project timeline
Answer: c) Defining what can be delivered in the Sprint

Scrum Artifacts & Metrics

16. A high-level body of work that can be broken down into smaller user stories is
called:
a) Epic
b) Sprint Backlog
c) Task
d) Milestone
Answer: a) Epic
17. What does a Burndown Chart track?
a) The number of meetings conducted
b) The amount of work remaining in a Sprint
c) The number of developers on the team
d) The budget spent on the project
Answer: b) The amount of work remaining in a Sprint
18. Story points in Scrum are used for:
a) Tracking the project budget
b) Estimating the effort required to complete a task
c) Assigning responsibilities
d) Calculating financial risk
Answer: b) Estimating the effort required to complete a task
19. In Scrum, a "potentially shippable product" is expected at:
a) The end of each Sprint
b) The end of the project
c) Every quarter
d) After stakeholder approval
Answer: a) The end of each Sprint
20. What technique is commonly used to estimate story points in Scrum?
a) Brainstorming
b) Fibonacci sequence (Planning Poker)
c) SWOT analysis
d) Budget forecasting
Answer: b) Fibonacci sequence (Planning Poker)

Agile vs Traditional Project Management

21. Which project management approach follows a sequential, step-by-step process?

a) Agile
b) Waterfall
 c) Scrum
d) Kanban
Answer: b) Waterfall
22. Which Agile framework uses a visual board to manage work items?
a) Scrum
b) Kanban
c) Lean
d) Extreme Programming
Answer: b) Kanban
23. In Agile, what does MVP stand for?
a) Most Valuable Process
b) Minimum Viable Product
c) Maximum Value Plan
d) Managed Version Planning
Answer: b) Minimum Viable Product
24. A Sprint Review is conducted to:
a) Assess the progress of the project
b) Evaluate team performance
c) Demonstrate the product increment to stakeholders
d) Assign tasks for the next Sprint
Answer: c) Demonstrate the product increment to stakeholders
25. What is the main benefit of Agile over Waterfall?
a) More comprehensive documentation
b) Better adaptability to changing requirements
c) Longer development cycles
d) Less collaboration between teams
Answer: b) Better adaptability to changing requirements

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Scrum Roles

26. Who ensures that the Scrum team follows Agile principles?
a) Product Owner
b) Scrum Master
 c) Project Manager
d) Stakeholder
Answer: b) Scrum Master
27. Who is responsible for defining and prioritizing the product backlog?
a) Scrum Master
b) Product Owner
c) Development Team
d) Project Sponsor
Answer: b) Product Owner
28. Which role in Scrum is responsible for removing obstacles faced by the
development team?
a) Scrum Master
b) Product Owner
c) Business Analyst
d) Quality Assurance Engineer
Answer: a) Scrum Master
29. Who represents the customer in the Scrum team?
a) Product Owner
b) Scrum Master
c) Development Team
d) Project Sponsor
Answer: a) Product Owner
30. What is the main responsibility of the development team in Scrum?
a) Prioritize the product backlog
b) Deliver potentially shippable product increments
c) Assign tasks to team members
d) Approve product releases
Answer: b) Deliver potentially shippable product increments

Sprint Events

31. Which event occurs at the beginning of every Sprint?

a) Sprint Review
b) Sprint Planning
c) Daily Scrum
d) Sprint Retrospective
Answer: b) Sprint Planning
32. What is the timebox for a Daily Scrum?
a) 10 minutes
b) 15 minutes
c) 30 minutes
d) 1 hour
Answer: b) 15 minutes
33. Who facilitates the Daily Scrum meeting?
a) Product Owner
b) Scrum Master
c) Development Team
 d) Project Manager
Answer: b) Scrum Master
34. What is the purpose of a Sprint Retrospective?
a) To discuss the next Sprint
b) To inspect and improve team processes
c) To estimate user stories
d) To plan the release of the product
Answer: b) To inspect and improve team processes
35. Which meeting demonstrates the work completed in the Sprint to stakeholders?
a) Sprint Review
b) Sprint Planning
c) Daily Scrum
d) Sprint Retrospective
Answer: a) Sprint Review

User Stories & Estimation

36. What template is used to write user stories?

a) As a [role], I want [feature], so that [benefit]
b) As a [team], I must [action] to [goal]
c) [Feature] should be implemented for [user]
d) As a [customer], I need [software] to [function]
Answer: a) As a [role], I want [feature], so that [benefit]
37. Which estimation technique is commonly used in Scrum?
a) Fibonacci sequence
b) Earned Value Analysis
c) Monte Carlo Simulation
d) Critical Path Method
Answer: a) Fibonacci sequence
38. What does a Story Point represent in Agile?
a) Exact hours to complete a task
b) Relative effort needed to complete a user story
c) The financial cost of a feature
d) The priority of a backlog item
Answer: b) Relative effort needed to complete a user story

Scrum Artifacts & Metrics

39. Which Scrum artifact contains all the work that needs to be completed for a
product?
a) Sprint Backlog
b) Product Backlog
c) Increment
d) User Stories List
Answer: b) Product Backlog
 40. What does a Burndown Chart track?
a) The number of developers on a project
b) The work completed vs. time remaining
c) The cost of the project
d) The frequency of Daily Scrum meetings
Answer: b) The work completed vs. time remaining
41. Which Scrum metric helps track the team’s speed over multiple sprints?
a) Velocity
b) Burnup Chart
c) Story Points
d) Daily Standup Report
Answer: a) Velocity

Agile vs Traditional Project Management

42. Which project management approach follows a rigid, sequential model?

a) Agile
b) Waterfall
c) Scrum
d) Kanban
Answer: b) Waterfall
43. Which Agile framework is focused on continuous workflow rather than
timeboxed iterations?
a) Scrum
b) Kanban
c) SAFe
d) Lean
Answer: b) Kanban
44. Which Agile framework is commonly used for large enterprises?
a) Scrum
b) SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework)
c) Lean
d) XP (Extreme Programming)
Answer: b) SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework)

Additional Questions on Agile & Scrum

45. What is the role of a Scrum Master?

a) Assign tasks to developers
b) Ensure adherence to Scrum principles
c) Define project requirements
d) Approve releases
Answer: b) Ensure adherence to Scrum principles
46. What is an Increment in Scrum?
a) A report
b) A part of the Sprint backlog
 c) A working product feature
d) A meeting output
Answer: c) A working product feature
47. What happens in backlog grooming?
a) Tasks are assigned to developers
b) User stories are refined and prioritized
c) The Sprint plan is finalized
d) Team performance is evaluated
Answer: b) User stories are refined and prioritized
48. What is a common Agile technique for improving efficiency?
a) Lean Thinking
b) Process Documentation
c) Waterfall Planning
d) Traditional Estimation
Answer: a) Lean Thinking
49. Which principle does Scrum emphasize the most?
a) Predictability
b) Flexibility and adaptability
c) Strict adherence to deadlines
d) Extensive documentation
Answer: b) Flexibility and adaptability
50. Which of these is NOT a key Scrum event?
a) Sprint Planning
b) Sprint Review
c) Sprint Execution
d) Sprint Retrospective
Answer: c) Sprint Execution

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Agile Principles & Practices

51. Which Agile principle emphasizes customer satisfaction?

a) Delivering on time
b) Early and continuous delivery of valuable software
c) Minimizing cost
 d) Reducing testing cycles
Answer: b) Early and continuous delivery of valuable software
52. What is the purpose of Continuous Integration in Agile?
a) To delay software updates
b) To ensure the team works independently
c) To frequently merge changes into a shared repository
d) To avoid stakeholder involvement
Answer: c) To frequently merge changes into a shared repository
53. What is a key advantage of Agile over traditional project management?
a) Fixed requirements from the start
b) More emphasis on documentation
c) Flexibility to accommodate changing requirements
d) Longer development cycles
Answer: c) Flexibility to accommodate changing requirements
54. Agile teams prefer face-to-face communication because:
a) Emails are unreliable
b) It avoids misunderstandings and speeds up discussions
c) Documentation is not needed
d) Remote work is discouraged
Answer: b) It avoids misunderstandings and speeds up discussions

Scrum Events & Meetings

55. Who decides the duration of a Sprint?

a) Product Owner
b) Scrum Master
c) Development Team
d) Stakeholders
Answer: c) Development Team
56. How often is a Daily Scrum held?
a) Once a week
b) Every day
c) Once per Sprint
d) After a Sprint ends
Answer: b) Every day
57. What happens if a Sprint Goal is not met?
a) The Sprint is extended
b) The incomplete work moves to the backlog
c) The team is penalized
d) The Product Owner cancels the project
Answer: b) The incomplete work moves to the backlog
58. Which Scrum event helps inspect and adapt the team’s way of working?
a) Sprint Review
b) Daily Scrum
c) Sprint Retrospective
d) Backlog Refinement
Answer: c) Sprint Retrospective
Scrum Metrics & Tools

59. What does Sprint Velocity measure?

a) How fast tasks are assigned
b) The team's capacity to complete work per Sprint
c) The number of meetings held
d) The cost of the project
Answer: b) The team's capacity to complete work per Sprint
60. What is a common technique for estimating user stories?
a) Story Point Estimation
b) Earned Value Management
c) Work Breakdown Structure
d) Critical Path Method
Answer: a) Story Point Estimation
61. Which Agile chart visualizes the remaining work in a Sprint?
a) Burnup Chart
b) Burndown Chart
c) Gantt Chart
d) Pie Chart
Answer: b) Burndown Chart
62. What does a Kanban board represent?
a) The entire project timeline
b) The flow of work through various stages
c) The financial status of the project
d) Team attendance records
Answer: b) The flow of work through various stages

Roles in Scrum

63. Who prioritizes work in the product backlog?

a) Scrum Master
b) Product Owner
c) Development Team
d) Stakeholders
Answer: b) Product Owner
64. Which role in Scrum ensures that Agile principles are followed?
a) Development Team
b) Product Owner
c) Scrum Master
d) Project Sponsor
Answer: c) Scrum Master
65. Who has the authority to cancel a Sprint?
a) Scrum Master
b) Product Owner
c) Development Team
 d) Project Sponsor
Answer: b) Product Owner

User Stories & Product Backlog

66. What is the purpose of backlog refinement?

a) To remove unnecessary backlog items
b) To add new items before each Sprint
c) To ensure backlog items are well-defined and prioritized
d) To estimate the project's budget
Answer: c) To ensure backlog items are well-defined and prioritized
67. Which artifact contains the most detailed work for a Sprint?
a) Sprint Backlog
b) Product Backlog
c) Burnup Chart
d) Retrospective Report
Answer: a) Sprint Backlog

Agile Scaling & Adaptations

68. What is SAFe?

a) A tool for tracking Agile projects
b) A framework for scaling Agile in large enterprises
c) A risk management strategy
d) A Scrum Master certification
Answer: b) A framework for scaling Agile in large enterprises
69. Which Agile framework focuses on engineering practices like Test-Driven
Development (TDD)?
a) Scrum
b) Extreme Programming (XP)
c) SAFe
d) Kanban
Answer: b) Extreme Programming (XP)
70. How is Lean different from Scrum?
a) Lean focuses on eliminating waste, while Scrum focuses on iterations
b) Lean has strict Sprint durations
c) Lean requires a dedicated Product Owner
d) Scrum does not involve process improvements
Answer: a) Lean focuses on eliminating waste, while Scrum focuses on iterations

General Agile Knowledge

71. Which Agile value promotes simplicity?

a) Maximizing work in progress
 b) Delivering less software
c) Doing the simplest thing that works
d) Avoiding technical debt
Answer: c) Doing the simplest thing that works
72. Which Agile approach relies on a "pull system" to manage workflow?
a) Scrum
b) Kanban
c) Waterfall
d) SAFe
Answer: b) Kanban
73. What is the purpose of a Working Agreement in Agile teams?
a) To define coding standards
b) To set expectations for team collaboration
c) To outline the budget
d) To replace backlog grooming
Answer: b) To set expectations for team collaboration

Agile Implementation & Challenges

74. What is the biggest challenge teams face when adopting Agile?
a) Too many meetings
b) Resistance to change
c) Lack of documentation
d) Decreased collaboration
Answer: b) Resistance to change
75. What is a key principle of Agile transformation?
a) Avoiding process changes
b) Encouraging continuous improvement
c) Reducing team collaboration
d) Limiting customer involvement
Answer: b) Encouraging continuous improvement
76. Which document is used to define "Done" in Agile?
a) Sprint Backlog
b) Definition of Done (DoD)
c) Gantt Chart
d) Agile Roadmap
Answer: b) Definition of Done (DoD)
77. Which Agile practice helps teams deliver increments frequently?
a) Pair Programming
b) Continuous Delivery
c) Stakeholder Review
d) Daily Standups
Answer: b) Continuous Delivery
78. What is a key success factor for Agile adoption?
a) Strict adherence to rules
b) Strong executive sponsorship and support
c) Ignoring retrospectives
 d) Eliminating documentation
Answer: b) Strong executive sponsorship and support
79. How do Agile teams handle changing requirements?
a) By freezing scope
b) By adapting their backlog
c) By extending project timelines
d) By rejecting changes
Answer: b) By adapting their backlog
80. What Agile principle promotes "self-organizing teams"?
a) Command-and-control
b) Trust and empowerment
c) Micromanagement
d) Individual task assignment
Answer: b) Trust and empowerment

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Agile Principles & Practices

81. What is the primary goal of Agile development?

a) Delivering on time
b) Customer satisfaction through continuous delivery
c) Reducing development costs
d) Eliminating project risks
Answer: b) Customer satisfaction through continuous delivery
82. Which Agile principle emphasizes the importance of self-organizing teams?
a) Face-to-face communication
b) Simplicity in processes
c) Trusting motivated individuals to get the job done
d) Delivering documentation on time
Answer: c) Trusting motivated individuals to get the job done
83. Which Agile principle ensures continuous improvement?
a) Fixed project plans
b) Regular retrospectives
c) Avoiding unnecessary communication
 d) Delivering only at the end of the project
Answer: b) Regular retrospectives
84. In Agile, what is considered more valuable than processes and tools?
a) Following a strict timeline
b) Individual interactions and collaboration
c) Creating detailed documentation
d) Using traditional project management techniques
Answer: b) Individual interactions and collaboration
85. What Agile principle supports sustainable development?
a) The ability to maintain a constant pace indefinitely
b) Setting fixed deadlines for all tasks
c) Minimizing collaboration
d) Reducing software updates
Answer: a) The ability to maintain a constant pace indefinitely

Scrum Events & Meetings

86. What is the key output of a Sprint Review?

a) A new project plan
b) A potentially shippable product increment
c) A detailed project report
d) A backlog refinement document
Answer: b) A potentially shippable product increment
87. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a Sprint?
a) Fixed time duration
b) Flexible scope
c) Continuous feedback
d) No fixed deadlines
Answer: d) No fixed deadlines
88. Who participates in the Sprint Retrospective?
a) Scrum Master
b) Product Owner
c) Development Team
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
89. Why is a Sprint Goal important?
a) To define the budget of the project
b) To guide the team in achieving a specific outcome
c) To ensure the Product Owner has full control
d) To increase daily standup duration
Answer: b) To guide the team in achieving a specific outcome
90. What is a primary function of a Sprint Planning meeting?
a) Prioritizing backlog items for the entire project
b) Identifying which backlog items will be delivered in the Sprint
c) Assigning roles to team members
d) Reviewing previous Sprints
Answer: b) Identifying which backlog items will be delivered in the Sprint
Scrum Metrics & Tools

91. What does a Burnup Chart show?

a) Work completed over time
b) Work remaining in a Sprint
c) Team performance score
d) Project risks
Answer: a) Work completed over time
92. Which metric is commonly used to measure a team’s productivity in Scrum?
a) Sprint Velocity
b) Cost Performance Index
c) Earned Value Analysis
d) Project Delay Rate
Answer: a) Sprint Velocity
93. Which of the following is NOT part of Scrum artifacts?
a) Product Backlog
b) Sprint Backlog
c) Gantt Chart
d) Increment
Answer: c) Gantt Chart
94. Which Agile framework is best suited for continuous delivery?
a) Scrum
b) Kanban
c) Waterfall
d) Prince2
Answer: b) Kanban
95. What is a "Spike" in Agile?
a) A task used to gather information or research
b) A sudden increase in project cost
c) A new user story
d) A retrospective technique
Answer: a) A task used to gather information or research

Agile Leadership & Culture

96. What is the main characteristic of an Agile team?

a) Rigid hierarchy
b) Self-organization and collaboration
c) Fixed job roles
d) Command-and-control structure
Answer: b) Self-organization and collaboration
97. Which leadership style is most effective in Agile?
a) Autocratic
b) Servant Leadership
c) Command and Control
 d) Micromanagement
Answer: b) Servant Leadership
98. What is the primary role of a Scrum Master?
a) Assigning tasks to developers
b) Removing impediments and facilitating Scrum practices
c) Creating detailed project plans
d) Approving new features
Answer: b) Removing impediments and facilitating Scrum practices
99. Which practice in Agile ensures a steady flow of high-quality software?
a) Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)
b) Frequent status meetings
c) Fixed project deadlines
d) Detailed upfront documentation
Answer: a) Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)
100. What is the ultimate goal of Agile methodologies?
a) Maximizing profitability
b) Delivering value to customers quickly and efficiently
c) Creating complex software designs
d) Reducing team communication
Answer: b) Delivering value to customers quickly and efficiently