2012 International Conference on Measurement,Information and Control (MIC)

Simplorer Simulation of Static Var Generator

With Direct Current Control

Liu Yang, Li Wenjuan, Yang Dongyang, Yu Yong, Zhou Yongqin

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Harbin University of Science &Technology
Harbin, China
[email protected]

6
Abstract-Aiming at serious harm caused by reactive power of power grid or absorbed from power grid[ 1. Compared with
power grid, the reason why SVG can compensate the reactive previous reactive compensation device, SVG has advantages of
power is analyzed. Direct current control based on the detection flexible control, quick response, small harmonics and loss.
method of source current is selected. SVG with resistive inductive
load is simulated by Simplorer. Operational performance is Based on the analysis of SVG working principles, SVG
analyzed in detail. The simulation result verifies that if SVG and with direct current control is designed. The simulation model is
power grid are connected in parallel and the appropriate built in Simplorer because of its modeling techniques, analysis
algorithm is adopted, there is only active power in power grid. and handing skills.
SVG can provide needed reactive current of working load.
Compensation time can change by alternating the certain system
II. OPERATING PRINCIPLE AND CONTROL METHOD OF SVG
parameters. The result further supports the feasibility and
efficiency of this control method.
A. Operating Principle ofSVG

Keywords-reactive power; direct current control; SVG; Basic working principle of SVG is that bridge circuit and
Simplorer power grid are connected in parallel by reactor or not, and
reactive compensation is realized through regulating phase and
1. INTRODUCTION
amplitude of voltage on the AC side in bridge circuit or
controlling current on the AC side directly.
With the fast development of information technology in
recent years, the requirement for electricity quality is higher The equivalent circuit of SVG is shown in Fig. 1 (a). V,I'
and higher. In addition to require the reliability and continuity
and Vc represent Power grid voltage and output voltage of
of power supply system, stable voltage and frequency are also
expected. But the loads of distribution network are increasing, SVG. Connecting resistor R stands for losses of connecting
such as rectifier, arc furnace and so on. The nonlinear, impulse reactor and converter. The voltage VL of X and R is the
and imbalance characteristics of these loads result in distortion
difference between Vs and Vc [7]. The connecting reactor
of the voltage and current waveforms, voltage fluctuations and
flicker[I,21. Lightning, short circuit and open circuit in power current which SVG absorbs from power grid is controlled by
system can also cause severe disruption to electricity quality. its voltage.
The supply cutting off suddenly will bring enormous economy When there is resistance-inductive load in power grid, the
loss, especially in significant industry. Therefore how to working principle of SVG is shown in Fig. 1 (b). In this
enhance and ensure power quality has been a major topic in the
electrical engineering[31. situation, the difference between Vc and i is 900 because
converter doesn't require active power. The angle of difference
N.G.Hingorani proposed the conception of Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS) in 1986. FACTS is used in between Vsand j is less than 900 , so the active power is
distribution network. The reactive power reduces harmonic offered by power grid to produce as much power as it loses.
distortion, eliminates reactive influence and unbalance voltage This angle is the difference between Vc and Vs . With
with quick response, large capacity and accurate
compensation. For these reasons, power factor, amplitude and changing this difference and the amplitude of Vc , the phase
frequency of voltage all meet specifications, and quality and and magnitude of current which is produced by converter is
security for the power supply are improved efficiently[4, sf. changed. Therefore, the reactive power that is absorbed from
power grid by SVG is adjusted[81.
Static Var Generator (SVG), as the core of FACTS, is the
important development direction of reactive compensation
device. By controlling the amplitude and phase of voltage or
current directly which are outputted by AC side of power
semiconductor bridge converter, reactive power is sent to the

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 current for stabilizing voltage of the DC side. There is the
L R capacity at the DC side and SVG needs to expend active power
which comes from the power grid. So SVG must provide the
+ active power to the grid for compensating the losses.
+ +
The active and reactive that SVG needs to provide has been
acquired. The instantaneous current of SVG follows the need
and the dynamic compensation of reactive power is realized.

The abc coordinate voltage modulation signals rca, reb

and r" are gotten after the signal passing the dq-abc
transformation. The three-phase current of the power grid and
a) Single-phase equivalent circuit b) Current lagging SVG actual instantaneous current generate six PWM pulse
signals. These pulse signals control on-off state of the switches
Figure 1. SVG working principle with loss.
MOSFET in order to get the expected SVG output current. So,
B. Direct Current Control Strategy ofSVG
the dynamic compensation for reactive power at the side of
load is achieved[91.
The control methods of SVG divide into two categories:
direct current control and indirect current control. Direct The basic principle of abc-dq transform is that abc
current control is widely used because of quick response and coordinate system is rotated to dq coordinate by means of the
high control precision. transformation matrix[101.
The controlling structure diagram of direct current control
is shown in Fig. 2. The controlJing system completes two
functions: real-time tracking of reactive current and constant
controlling of DC voltage. The three-phase current of power (1)
grid transform from static three-phase abc coordinate to rotary
two-phase dq coordinate. So in aIJ components, only
fundamental positive sequence component is DC and others are where,
AC.

Cdq -
- J%
-
l cOSOJt cos(OJt--)
3
27,

3 -sin OJt . 2,,

-SID (OJt--)
3

C. Overall Design ofSVG System

Because of higher operational efficiency than current-type
inverter, SVG with the main structure of three-phase bridge
voltage inverter is widely used. The overall design of SVG
system is shown in Fig. 3.
MM
Triangle waveforms Power grid system

Load

Power
Figure 2. Control structure diagram of direct current control. circuit
Connecting reactor
DC can be extracted by low pass filter (LPF). The active
and reactive component of fundamental current of power grid,
I'd and 1,'1 can be acquired. Similarly, the three-phase
'

current of SVG outputting ica , icb , icc transform into led and
PWM
('I by LPF and dq transformation.

The multiplication of 1,'1 and -1 IS the reactive current The controlling part
which needs to be compensated.
- - __ - - - __ - - - _____ I

Active current signal red is generated after voltage

Figure 3. Diagram of the SVG system.
reference of the DC side UdmJ and the actual feedback value
Udc by PI regulation. The signal controls the SVG's active

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 The SVG system consists of three parts: Part one, the main Simplorer is powerful, cross-disciplinary and high­
circuit of three-phase bridge voltage inverter; Part two, the performance multi-domain system simulation software. It is
signal detecting and alignment circuit; Part three, pulse used for complex multiple domain system involving electricity,
generating circuit. magnetic, thermal, mechanical and hydraulic pressure for high
precision modeling, simulation and optimization. It is widely
The SVG main circuit and power grid are in parallel and
used in automobiles, electric power industry, national defense,
linking points are between grid and load. The major task is that
aerospace and industrial automation so on. It can help engineer
by controlling the conduction time of switches according to
do the study of complex system function and the total design
PWM pulse signal, the satisfactory reactive current are
verification, which greatly curtails development time and cost
compensated into power grid.
and improves the system reliability and the system
optimization.
III. SIMPLORER SIMULATION OF SVG
SVG system simulation model is shown in Fig. 4. The
In order to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of system is mainly consisted of three-phase source and
direct current control, Simplorer simulation software is chosen resistance-inductance load, SVG main circuit and PWM
to build model for digital simulation research under the producing driving signal parts composed by dq transformation
analysis of the basic principle and the SVG control method. and dq inverse transformation.

:l0<.
i< J Ii' �

Ii

2 m
�
I -+
t

ii1 8' "l

ia
ib abc-dq

Figure 4. Simulation model of SVG.

TABLE I. SIMULATION PARAMETERS OF SVG

In the model, SVG main circuit is composed of connection
reactance L, three phase voltage source model converter Symbol Value Symbol Value
System Vollage(V) 380 System Frequency(Hz) 50
supplying for MOSFET, and DC side capacitance C. The
System Impedanee( Q) 10 Conneetin/! Reaetor(mH) 2
parameters of network voltage is 380V, 50Hz. Internal loss Capacitor C( J1 F) On-Res.ofMOSFET( Q)
6000 0.005
R=0.03 Q , L=0.08mH; the symmetric resistance-inductance DC VollaJ!e(V) 800 Frell.ofCarrier Wave(kHz) 5
load, R=10 Q , L=5mH; connection reactor L=2mH, connection
resistance R=0.03 Q . Euler operation method is chosen in
Simplore; truncation error is 0.1; maximum iteration is 20; the The simulation model of abc-dq coordinate transformation
simulation time setting is 0.5s. is shown in Fig. 5. The simulation model of dq-abc coordinate
transformation is shown in Fig. 6.
The specific parameters of SVG system simulation model
is shown in Table I.

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 compensate reactive power of three-phase symmetric
resistance-inductive load, the phase of voltage and current in
power grid after compensation is basic same. Owing to
inaccuracy of triangle wave comparison method, though there
are some harmonics for PWM driving signal after reactive
compensation, reactive power conforms to the request of three­
phase resistance-inductive load basically.
The waveforms of instantaneous current im, i,b , icc are
shown in Fig. 8.
300.00

150.00

� 0.00

-150.00
Figure 5. Simulation model of abc-dq transformation.
-300.00 +-�--�--��--�-----�
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00
t(ms)

Figure 8. Instantaneous current of SVG.

SVG corresponds to a reactive current source which can

produce reactive current identical with the property at the side
of load. SVG provides needed reactive current of working load,
so the load can work reliably and steady when power grid only
produces active current.
By PI adjusting, DC capacitor voltage Udc makes the
instantaneous active current (d which flow into SVG from
Figure 6. Simulation model of dq-abc transformation. grid follow control signal (d ' in order to compensate active
loss and realize the constancy of DC-side voltage. The
waveform of Udc is shown in Fig. 9.
IV. ANALYSIS ON SIMULATION RESULT

Under the condition of three-phase system with resistance­ 1200.00

inductive load, voltage and current waveforms of a-phase are
chosen for contrasting in order to facilitate observation. SVG 900.00
parallels in the three-phase system and the voltage and current ;;-
'<:'
waveforms of a-phase are shown in Fig. 7. -600.00
600.00
400.00 300.00

200.00
? 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
> 0.00
� t(ms)
·200.00
Figure 9. Capacitor voltage of the DC side.
·400.00
·600.00 +------+ With the same circuit parameters, the voltage reference of
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100 00 125.00 150.00 SVG at the DC side is turned up. The voltage and current
t(ms) waveforms are shown in Fig. 10. It is seen that the
compensation speed of SVG becomes fast when the voltage of
Figure 7. Voltage and current of a-phase.
(Voltage reference=1800) SVG at the DC side increases. The value of voltage at the DC
side influences the active power of SVG main circuit. The
increasing of the voltage at DC side makes the power of SVG
At first, it can be seen that because there is resistance­ main circuit improve, so the compensation speed becomes fast.
inductive load, a-phase shift occurs between voltage and
current of load side. The current lags behind the voltage.
Because SVG parallels in the three-phase system and it can

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 600.00-,------1
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This work is supported by teaching research project of 1667,2000.
Harbin University of Science and Technology. NO.201100051.

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