Template
Template
A bstract
Physics is an experimental science. Physicist observe a natural phenomenon and try to find a
theory that will relate to his aforementioned phenomena. Forming a theory includes asking
appropriate questions, designing experiments to try to answer the questions, and drawing
appropriate conclusions from the results. Furthermore, the data, observation, and results
collected from the experiments should be written and presented in an orderly manner. This
paper aims to guide students guide students what should be written in a Laboratory report.
Introduction
One of the requirements for the general physics (lab) class is the laboratory reports.
These laboratory reports are a group requirement, which means that all members in the group
will have the same score for the lab report. The aim of this article is to guide students on how
to write a laboratory report. This includes font style and size, figure size, sections, equation,
and equation numbers.
The laboratory reports should be written in paragraph form and the concept, results
should be discussed extensively. The group should not leave nothing to chance. The font style
can be Calibri or CMU Serif with font size equal to 11. Maximum number of pages is six (6)
pages. Each equation should have an equation number on the right side, see equation below
𝑑𝑥
=𝑦 (1)
𝑑ϕ
𝑑𝑦 3 2 )
= 𝑥 − 𝑥 + σ2 (2)
𝑑ϕ 2 )
The experiments are from the laboratory manual, which are available for purchase.
This paper is organized as follows: Introduction, Methodology, Data and Results,
Conclusion, and References. I discuss all the thing that should be included in each section.
First, we start with the Introduction. The introduction includes the Physics concept
and theory, The significance of the topic/experiment, Scope and limitations, and the objectives
of the experiment. We explore and discuss the concept behind the experiment. This can also
include the historical background and the Physicist/scientist that pioneered the
aforementioned theory. The significance of the study includes the applications of the theory
we can also include instruments and/or equipment that use the same Physics concept.
Meanwhile, Scope and limitation contains the conditions, requirements and/or limits of the
experiment. For example: (i) constant velocity, (ii) the experiment is done using the simulation
(iii) the equipment used are from the science laboratory services, (iv) the experiment was done
at home. The objective tells us what are the aims of the experiment. These objectives are
already included in the laboratory manual.
I also want to discuss the abstract. The abstract is an analog to the summary of the
laboratory report. This includes what the experiment is all about, the data and results, and
the conclusion. In scientific journals and manuscript this what the audience reads first.
M ethodology
The methodology includes the steps of the experiment, equipment and/or simulation
used. Please include the pictures of the steps and/or simulation. When taking the picture of
the set-up, steps, and equipment, make sure that you are emphasizing the experimental set-
up or steps, not your group member holding the equipment. The members should have a
minimum to none exposure. See the figure below. Each picture or group of pictures should
have a caption below with font size equal to 10.
Show the data you gathered in the experiment. The tables are given in the laboratory manual.
If possible include graphs/charts. Discuss also if your data and results are consistent with the
theory presented in the introduction. There’s no need to show your step -by-step calculations.
See sample plots below
Figure 2: The f1 and f2 plot at (a) σ = 0:27 and n = 0:0004 , (b) σ = 0:27 and n = -0:002, and (c) σ
= 0:27 and n = -0:007
C onclusion
Conclusion includes what you can infer from the experiment. This also includes the
summary of the major points of the experiment as well as the potential weaknesses.
R eferences
[1] E. Hackmann and C. Lammerzahl, Complete analytic solution of the geodesic equation in
Schwarzschild{ (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol 100, 171101 (2008).
[2] Elmaguin, J.C.N. and Vega, M.F.I. 2019. Phase-plane analysis of orbital motion in
Schwarzschild-(anti-)de Sitter spacetimes. Proceedings of the Samahang Pisika ng Pilipinas,
37
[3] B. Schutz, A First Course in General Relativity (Cambridge University Press, 2009), 2nd
ed.