INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER BASICS
BASIC OPERATIONS
TURNING A COMPUTER ON AND OFF
Proper Startup and Shutdown Process
Computers are powerful machines that require proper handling to function efficiently.
One of the most fundamental skills in using a computer is knowing how to turn it on
and off properly. If not done correctly, improper startup and shutdown can lead to
data loss, file corruption, and even hardware damage.
This lesson will cover:
The importance of proper startup and shutdown.
The correct steps to turn on a computer.
The correct steps to shut down a computer.
Common mistakes to avoid.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO TURN A COMPUTER ON AND OFF PROPERLY?
Prevents Data Loss
Sudden shutdowns can cause unsaved work to be lost.
Protects Hardware
Hard drives and components may get damaged if the power is cut
unexpectedly.
Ensures System Updates Work
Computers need to complete updates properly to function well.
Improves Performance
A properly shut-down computer will start up faster and work more efficiently.
Avoids File Corruption
Improper shutdowns can damage important system and program files.
HOW TO TURN ON A COMPUTER PROPERLY
Step 1: Check the Power Source
For Desktop Computers:
Ensure the power cable is plugged into an electrical outlet.
Check that the monitor is also powered on.
For Laptops:
Ensure the battery is charged or plug in the charger.
Step 2: Locate the Power Button
The power button is usually marked with a circular icon with a vertical line.
For Desktops:
The power button is found on the CPU tower (front panel).
For Laptops:
It is usually located at the top of the keyboard or on the side of the device.
Step 3: Press the Power Button
Press the power button gently for about 1 second and release.
Avoid pressing it for too long, as it may force the system to shut down instead.
Step 4: Wait for the Operating System to Load
After turning on, the computer will display a loading screen with the
manufacturer’s logo (e.g., Dell, HP, Lenovo).
The operating system (Windows, macOS, Linux) will start loading.
This process may take a few seconds to a minute.
Step 5: Log In (If required)
If the computer has multiple users, it may ask for a username and password.
If there is no password, the desktop screen will appear, and the computer is
ready to use.
HOW TO SHUT DOWN A COMPUTER PROPERLY
Step 1: Save Your Work and Close All Programs
Before shutting down, save any open files (Word documents, spreadsheets,
etc.).
Close all open applications (browsers, games, or media players).
Step 2: Open the Shutdown Menu
For Windows Users:
Click on the Start button (Windows icon at the bottom-left of the screen).
Select Power and then Shut Down.
For Mac Users:
Click on the Apple menu (top-left corner).
Select Shut Down.
Step 3: Wait for the System to Turn Off
The screen will turn black, and the computer will stop making noise.
The power light on the CPU or laptop will turn off.
Step 4: Turn Off External Power (If Necessary)
For desktops: You may switch off the power strip after the shutdown is
complete.
For laptops: If needed, unplug the charger after shutting down.
COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID
Forcing Shutdown by Holding the Power Button
This should only be done if the computer freezes and becomes unresponsive.
Otherwise, it may cause data corruption or hardware issues.
Unplugging the Computer Without Proper Shutdown
Never cut off power while the computer is still running.
Restarting the Computer During Updates
When updates are installing, avoid turning off the system to prevent software
corruption.
Not Saving Work Before Shutting Down
Always save documents to avoid losing progress.
Turning Off the Monitor Only Instead of the Entire Computer
Some users mistakenly turn off just the screen while the CPU is still running.
Make sure to shut down the whole system.
PRACTICE ACTIVITY: HANDS-ON EXERCISE
Activity 1: Identify Computer Parts Related to Startup and Shutdown
Instructions:
Show students pictures of a desktop and a laptop.
Ask them to point out or mark the power button and shutdown menu on each
device.
Have students demonstrate where to find the Start menu and the Shut Down
option on a computer screen.
Activity 2: Turn a Computer On and Off Properly
Instructions:
Each student will turn on a computer following the correct steps.
Once the computer is fully on, they will open an application and close it
properly.
Finally, they will shut down the computer correctly.
The teacher will observe and provide feedback.
