CTC 311 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Privacy and Data Protection

1. Question: Online privacy refers to the right to control personal information shared on the
internet and safeguard it from ______ access.
Answer: unauthorized
Explanation: Unauthorized access refers to someone accessing your data without
permission, which is a key concern in online privacy.

2. Question: A strong password should be at least ______ characters long.

Answer: 12
Explanation: A password of at least 12 characters is recommended to ensure it is strong and
secure.

3. Question: Always look for "______" in the URL to ensure a secure connection.
Answer: https://
Explanation: "https://" indicates a secure connection, encrypting data during transmission.

4. Question: Phishing is a deceptive tactic used by cybercriminals to obtain sensitive

information such as ______ credentials.
Answer: login
Explanation: Phishing often targets login credentials to gain unauthorized access to
accounts.

5. Question: Regularly updating your operating system and security software helps protect
against ______.
Answer: vulnerabilities
Explanation: Updates patch security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.

6. Question: Public Wi-Fi networks are often ______ and should be avoided for sensitive
transactions.
Answer: insecure
Explanation: Public Wi-Fi networks are typically unsecured, making them risky for sensitive
activities.

7. Question: A ______ can encrypt your internet connection when using public Wi-Fi.
Answer: VPN
Explanation: A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts your connection, adding a layer of
security.

8. Question: Social media privacy settings allow you to control who can see your ______.
Answer: posts
Explanation: Privacy settings help manage who can view your social media posts.
 9. Question: Educating children about internet safety helps them recognize potential ______.
Answer: dangers
Explanation: Awareness of online dangers is crucial for children to navigate the internet
safely.

10. Question: Reporting inappropriate content to platform administrators helps maintain a safe
______ environment.
Answer: online
Explanation: Reporting ensures that harmful content is removed, contributing to a safer
online space.

Cybersecurity

11. Question: Cybersecurity aims to protect the confidentiality, ______, and availability of data.
Answer: integrity
Explanation: Integrity ensures that data remains accurate and unaltered.

12. Question: A ______ attack overwhelms servers or networks, causing service disruptions.
Answer: DoS
Explanation: Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks aim to make services unavailable by
overwhelming them.

13. Question: Malware is a broad term that includes viruses, worms, and ______ horses.
Answer: Trojan
Explanation: Trojan horses are a type of malware that masquerades as legitimate software.

14. Question: A ______ is a malicious program that replicates itself but does not alter files.
Answer: worm
Explanation: Worms spread across networks without modifying files.

15. Question: Ransomware encrypts data and demands a ______ for decryption.
Answer: ransom
Explanation: Ransomware locks data and demands payment for its release.

16. Question: A ______ is a type of malware that covertly collects sensitive information.
Answer: spyware
Explanation: Spyware is designed to gather data without the user's knowledge.

17. Question: A ______ virus infects both program files and system sectors.
Answer: multipartite
Explanation: Multipartite viruses can infect multiple parts of a system.

18. Question: Antivirus software uses ______ files to detect known threats.
Answer: signature
Explanation: Signature files contain patterns of known malware for detection.

19. Question: A ______ virus changes its code each time it infects a file.
Answer: polymorphic
Explanation: Polymorphic viruses alter their code to avoid detection.

20. Question: A ______ virus embeds itself in a computer's memory and executes when the
system loads.
 Answer: resident
Explanation: Resident viruses remain in memory and activate during system operations.

Intellectual Property and Copyright

21. Question: ______ refers to the exclusive rights granted to the creator of original work.
Answer: Copyright
Explanation: Copyright protects the creator's rights over their work.

22. Question: ______ is the act of stealing someone else's work and presenting it as your own.
Answer: Plagiarism
Explanation: Plagiarism involves using someone else's work without proper attribution.

23. Question: Intellectual property rights protect ______ assets like inventions and creative
works.
Answer: intangible
Explanation: Intellectual property covers non-physical creations like ideas and designs.

24. Question: The ______ Act 1988 protects against the unauthorized use of copyrighted
material.
Answer: Copyright
Explanation: The Copyright Act provides legal protection for original works.

25. Question: ______ is the practice of using someone else's identity online without permission.
Answer: Impersonation
Explanation: Impersonation involves pretending to be someone else, often for malicious
purposes.

Social Media and Online Behavior

26. Question: The ______ concept emphasizes that once content is posted online, it cannot be
completely removed.
Answer: No Take Backs
Explanation: The "No Take Backs" concept highlights the permanence of online content.

27. Question: Social media platforms like Facebook allow users to adjust ______ settings to
control who can see their posts.
Answer: privacy
Explanation: Privacy settings help users manage who can view their content.

28. Question: ______ is the act of publicly revealing someone's private information online.
Answer: Doxing
Explanation: Doxing involves sharing personal information without consent.

29. Question: ______ is a form of online harassment that involves sending hurtful messages.
Answer: Cyberbullying
Explanation: Cyberbullying includes sending harmful or threatening messages.

30. Question: ______ is the practice of manipulating someone into sharing sensitive
information.
 Answer: Grooming
Explanation: Grooming involves building trust to exploit someone, often for malicious
purposes.

Data Protection and Security

31. Question: The ______ Act 2018 governs how personal data is used in the UK.
Answer: Data Protection
Explanation: The Data Protection Act regulates the handling of personal data.

32. Question: Personal data must be processed ______, lawfully, and transparently.
Answer: fairly
Explanation: Fair processing is a key principle of data protection.

33. Question: Sensitive data such as health information is protected by ______ laws.
Answer: stronger
Explanation: Sensitive data requires enhanced protection under data protection laws.

34. Question: The ______ Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive data protection law in the EU.
Answer: General Data Protection
Explanation: GDPR sets strict rules for data protection and privacy.

35. Question: Data ______ ensures that information is accessible when needed.
Answer: availability
Explanation: Availability ensures that data is accessible to authorized users.

Network Security

36. Question: A ______ firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
Answer: network
Explanation: Firewalls protect networks by filtering traffic.

37. Question: ______ is a protocol that encrypts data transmitted over the internet.
Answer: IPsec
Explanation: IPsec provides secure communication over IP networks.

38. Question: A ______ attack involves redirecting users to fake websites to steal information.
Answer: pharming
Explanation: Pharming redirects users to malicious sites to harvest data.

39. Question: ______ is a protocol that provides secure communication over the internet.
Answer: SSL/TLS
Explanation: SSL/TLS encrypts data to ensure secure communication.

40. Question: A ______ attack exploits weaknesses in network protocols like DNS.
Answer: DoS
Explanation: DoS attacks target network protocols to disrupt services.

Malware and Threats

 41. Question: A ______ virus infects executable files and spreads when the file is executed.
Answer: file infector
Explanation: File infector viruses attach themselves to executable files.

42. Question: ______ is a type of malware that spreads through email attachments.
Answer: Worm
Explanation: Worms often spread via email attachments or network shares.

43. Question: A ______ virus embeds itself in the boot sector of a computer.
Answer: boot sector
Explanation: Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector of a hard drive.

44. Question: ______ is a type of malware that displays unwanted advertisements.

Answer: Adware
Explanation: Adware generates pop-up ads and can track user behavior.

45. Question: A ______ virus hijacks web browser functions and redirects users to malicious
sites.
Answer: browser hijacker
Explanation: Browser hijackers alter browser settings to redirect users.

Ethical Decision-Making

46. Question: Ethical decision-making in IT involves promoting ______, accountability, and

professionalism.
Answer: fairness
Explanation: Fairness is a key principle in ethical IT practices.

47. Question: Ethical behavior in IT requires responsible handling of ______ information.

Answer: sensitive
Explanation: Sensitive information must be handled with care to maintain privacy.

48. Question: Promoting ______ in IT practices helps build trust with users.
Answer: integrity
Explanation: Integrity ensures that IT systems are reliable and trustworthy.

49. Question: Ethical IT practices involve respecting ______ property rights.

Answer: intellectual
Explanation: Intellectual property rights protect creators' works.

50. Question: Ethical decision-making in IT requires considering the ______ implications of

technology.
Answer: moral
Explanation: Moral implications involve evaluating the ethical impact of technology.

Online Scams and Frauds

51. Question: ______ scams promise unrealistic returns to entice victims to invest money.
Answer: Investment
Explanation: Investment scams lure victims with promises of high returns.
 52. Question: ______ is the fraudulent practice of sending emails to trick recipients into
revealing personal information.
Answer: Phishing
Explanation: Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate organizations.

53. Question: ______ is the act of redirecting users to fake websites to steal information.
Answer: Pharming
Explanation: Pharming involves redirecting users to malicious sites.

54. Question: ______ is the unauthorized access to data stored in a system or online account.
Answer: Hacking
Explanation: Hacking involves gaining unauthorized access to systems or data.

55. Question: ______ is the practice of using someone else's identity for fraudulent purposes.
Answer: Identity theft
Explanation: Identity theft involves stealing personal information to commit fraud.

Parental Controls and Child Safety

56. Question: Parental controls can block or filter ______ content for children.
Answer: inappropriate
Explanation: Parental controls help restrict access to unsuitable content.

57. Question: ______ settings on devices can limit screen time for children.
Answer: Time-out
Explanation: Time-out settings restrict device usage after a certain period.

58. Question: Parental controls can prevent children from accessing ______ websites.
Answer: harmful
Explanation: Parental controls block access to harmful or inappropriate sites.

59. Question: ______ controls can restrict app purchases on children's devices.
Answer: Parental
Explanation: Parental controls can prevent unauthorized app purchases.

60. Question: ______ settings on social media platforms can limit who can contact children.
Answer: Privacy
Explanation: Privacy settings help control who can interact with children online.

Data Encryption and Security

61. Question: ______ encryption scrambles data so that only authorized users can read it.
Answer: Data
Explanation: Data encryption protects information from unauthorized access.

62. Question: ______ is a method of encrypting files and folders on NTFS partitions.
Answer: EFS
Explanation: EFS (Encrypting File System) provides file-level encryption.
 63. Question: ______ encryption protects data stored on entire disk drives.
Answer: Disk
Explanation: Disk encryption secures all data on a storage device.

64. Question: ______ is a technique that hides data within other files, such as images or audio.
Answer: Steganography
Explanation: Steganography conceals data within other files to avoid detection.

65. Question: ______ encryption uses public and private keys to secure data.
Answer: Asymmetric
Explanation: Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys for secure communication.

Network Protocols and Vulnerabilities

66. Question: The ______ protocol translates human-readable hostnames into IP addresses.
Answer: DNS
Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) resolves domain names to IP addresses.

67. Question: ______ is a protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of data packets.
Answer: TCP
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable data transmission.

68. Question: ______ is a protocol that provides encryption for IP traffic.

Answer: IPsec
Explanation: IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) encrypts data for secure communication.

69. Question: ______ is a protocol that provides secure communication over HTTP.
Answer: HTTPS
Explanation: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) encrypts web traffic.

70. Question: ______ is a protocol that provides end-to-end security for email communication.
Answer: SSL/TLS
Explanation: SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) secures email
communication.

Cybercrime and Legal Measures

71. Question: The ______ Act 1990 criminalizes unauthorized access to computer systems.
Answer: Computer Misuse
Explanation: The Computer Misuse Act addresses hacking and unauthorized access.

72. Question: The ______ Act 2010 prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics.
Answer: Equality
Explanation: The Equality Act protects against discrimination in various contexts.

73. Question: The ______ Act 1988 criminalizes sending offensive or threatening
communications.
Answer: Malicious Communications
Explanation: The Malicious Communications Act addresses harmful online behavior.
 74. Question: The ______ Act 1997 protects individuals from repeated harassment.
Answer: Protection from Harassment
Explanation: The Protection from Harassment Act addresses stalking and harassment.

75. Question: The ______ Act 2003 regulates electronic communications and online behavior.
Answer: Communications
Explanation: The Communications Act governs electronic communications in the UK.

Backup and Data Recovery

76. Question: Regularly backing up data protects against ______ loss.

Answer: data
Explanation: Backups ensure data can be recovered in case of loss.

77. Question: Backing up data to an ______ location protects against physical damage.
Answer: offsite
Explanation: Offsite backups protect data from local disasters like fires.

78. Question: ______ is the process of creating copies of data for recovery purposes.
Answer: Backup
Explanation: Backups are essential for data recovery in case of failure.

79. Question: ______ backups can be scheduled to run automatically at regular intervals.
Answer: Automated
Explanation: Automated backups ensure data is regularly saved without manual
intervention.

80. Question: Backing up data to ______ storage services provides remote access to files.
Answer: online
Explanation: Online backups allow access to data from any location.

Social Engineering and Phishing

81. Question: ______ engineering exploits human psychology to manipulate individuals into
revealing sensitive information.
Answer: Social
Explanation: Social engineering relies on psychological manipulation.

82. Question: ______ is a common phishing tactic where attackers impersonate trusted entities.
Answer: Spoofing
Explanation: Spoofing involves faking the identity of a trusted source.

83. Question: ______ emails often create a sense of urgency to trick recipients into taking
action.
Answer: Phishing
Explanation: Phishing emails use urgency to pressure victims into responding.

84. Question: ______ is a phishing technique that uses misspelled URLs to deceive users.
Answer: Typosquatting
Explanation: Typosquatting relies on common misspellings of legitimate URLs.
 85. Question: ______ is a phishing method that uses fake websites to steal login credentials.
Answer: Spoofing
Explanation: Spoofing involves creating fake websites that mimic legitimate ones.

Hardware Security

86. Question: ______ Trojans are malicious modifications made to electronic devices.
Answer: Hardware
Explanation: Hardware Trojans are malicious alterations to hardware components.

87. Question: ______ attacks exploit physical information like power consumption to leak
sensitive data.
Answer: Side-channel
Explanation: Side-channel attacks analyze physical characteristics to extract data.

88. Question: ______ hardware devices are designed to resist tampering and unauthorized
access.
Answer: Tamper-resistant
Explanation: Tamper-resistant hardware prevents physical tampering.

89. Question: ______ is a technique used to conceal the functionality of electronic hardware.
Answer: Obfuscation
Explanation: Obfuscation hides the true purpose of hardware components.

90. Question: ______ is a method of embedding ownership information in hardware designs.

Answer: Watermarking
Explanation: Watermarking identifies the owner of hardware designs.

Software Vulnerabilities

91. Question: ______ overflow occurs when a program tries to store more data in a buffer than
it can hold.
Answer: Buffer
Explanation: Buffer overflow exploits can corrupt adjacent memory.

92. Question: ______ injection is a common attack that exploits vulnerabilities in web
applications.
Answer: SQL
Explanation: SQL injection targets databases through malicious queries.

93. Question: ______ conditions occur when the output of a process depends on the timing of
events.
Answer: Race
Explanation: Race conditions can lead to unpredictable behavior in software.

94. Question: ______ validation ensures that input data follows specific rules.
Answer: Input
Explanation: Input validation prevents