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Ict Foundation

The document provides an introduction to computer systems, detailing the components of hardware and software, including the CPU, memory, storage devices, and operating systems. It explains the functionality of input and output devices, as well as the basics of using Microsoft Windows, including managing files and folders, and adjusting settings. Additionally, it covers practical tasks such as creating user accounts and burning data CDs or DVDs.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views13 pages

Ict Foundation

The document provides an introduction to computer systems, detailing the components of hardware and software, including the CPU, memory, storage devices, and operating systems. It explains the functionality of input and output devices, as well as the basics of using Microsoft Windows, including managing files and folders, and adjusting settings. Additionally, it covers practical tasks such as creating user accounts and burning data CDs or DVDs.

Uploaded by

thuratun.sgg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICT Foundattion 1

Introduction To Computer System


What is Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data". It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data and giving an output, all under the control of a set
of instructions called program. In other words it is a programmable electronic device.
All types of computers consist of two basic parts: Hardware and Software.

Hardware (Physical Components of Computer)


Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as
1. Motherboard
2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor
3. Memory
4. Monitor
5. Mouse
6. Keyboard, etc.
Now a day, we can choose many types of Personal Computer(PC), Desktop PCs, Laptop
PCs, Tablet PCs and PDA (Personal Digital Assistance).

All in one PC Desktop PC PDA Tablet

Hardware of Personal Computer (PC) can be divided into five components,


CPU (Central Processing Unit), Input Devices, Output Devices, Memory and Storage.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor


The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the
computer case on the motherboard. It is often called the brain of the computer, or the
computer' engine. The processor determines how fast a computer can execute instructions.
A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHZ), and gigahertz (GHZ). So, the higher the
hertz, the faster the computer can process instructions. It is the CPU which perform all the
calculations within the computer, when running programs such as word processors,
spreadsheets, and databases.

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2 ICT Foundation
Input Devices
Input devices allow you to input information to the computer and include things such as
(1) Keyboard
(2) Mouse
(3) Light Pen
(4) Scanner
(5) Bar Code Reader
(6) Touch Pad
(7) Digital Camera
(8) Microphone
(9) Joy Stick etc.

Output Devices
Output devices allow you to output information from the computer and include
(1) Monitor
(2) Printer
(3) Speaker
(4) Projector etc.

Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory) is your system's short-term memory. Data is temporarily
stored here until you save your work to the hard disk. RAM is used by the system to store data
that is processed by a computer's CPU.
The RAM (Random Access Memory) within your computer is where the operating system is
loaded when you switch on your computer and also where your applications are copied to when you
start an application, such as a word processor or database program. The computer's work takes place
in RAM. This is where programs run when you are using Word to create a letter, or Excel to produce a
spreadsheet. This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off, so always save
your file before turning off the machine. When you save a file, you are saving it to long-term storage
that does not disappear when the computer is turned off. The more RAM you have, the more things
your computer can do at the same time, and the faster your computer performs certain tasks. RAM is
measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). These days you will commonly find over 4GB of
RAM installed.

Storage Devices
Hard Disk
The hard disk drive is the data center of the computer. All of your programs are stored here.
The hard disk drive is long-term storage where information is stored permanently. When you use
a program, the computer loads the instructions from long-term storage (your hard disk) into
short-term memory. They are much faster than CD-ROMs and floppy disks and can also hold
much more data.

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ICT Foundattion 3
CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory) Drive
A CD-ROM drive, also known as an optical drive. With a CD-ROM drive you can listen
music, view files, and install software that is located on a CD.
A CD writer is a device that allows you to copy or burn information onto specific types
of CDs called CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable) and CD-R (Compact Disk-Recordable) discs.

DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read-Only Memory) Drive


A DVD-ROM drive can reads DVD discs, all types of CDs, and can display movies from
digital video discs. DVDs can hold more data than a CD, so they are a good storage option.
These also transfer the data from the disk to the computer far faster. A DVD burner is a
device that allows you to copy information onto DVD discs. It is considered a type of storage.
In many of the computers you can purchase today A DVD Writer is already included.

Software
To Process information, your computer requires instructions. Software is any set of
instructions that tells the hardware what to do. There are two general types of software:
System Software (Operating System) and Application Software.

What is Operating System?


An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. Software
is any set of instructions that performs some task on a computer. The operating system performs
many essential tasks for your computer. The operating system loads automatically when you
start your computer. It controls peripheral devices, and allows you to communicate with the
computer without knowing exactly how a computer works. Without an operating system, a
computer is useless.
The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft
Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux.
e.g.
( 1 ) Windows 2000 (Microsoft OS)
( 2 ) Windows XP (Microsoft OS)
( 3 ) Windows Vista (Microsoft OS)
( 4 ) Windows 7 (Microsoft OS)
( 5 ) Windows 8 (Microsoft OS)
( 6 ) Windows 10 (Microsoft OS)
( 7 ) Windows 11 (Microsoft OS)
( 8 ) Ubuntu (Linux OS)
( 9 ) OS X Lion (Apple OS)
(10 ) Android OS (developed by google)

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4 ICT Foundation

What is an Application Program?


An application program is the type of program which you use the operating system has
been loaded into memory (RAM). Examples include word processing programs (for producing
letters, memo etc), spreadsheets (for doing accounts and working with numbers), games and
graphics programs.

Introduction to Microsoft Windows


Power Button
The power button is used to power the computer on and off. Additionally, you can use
the power button on some computers to place the computer in different energy-saving modes
such as hibernate, sleep, and standby. It is a good idea to read your manual to learn how these
features work on your computer.

The Desktop
The Desktop is the entire screen except for the bar at the bottom. Windows, dialog
boxes, and icons such as the Recycle Bin are displayed on the desktop. You can store shortcuts,
which are icons for your favorite programs, on the desktop. You can drag windows, dialog
boxes, and icons around the desktop. Double-click an icon on the desktop to open it.
Icon Desktop

Taskbar
Start
Notofication
Area

Windows 10 Desktop Screen

Using the Mouse on the Desktop


Highlight an Object on the Screen move the mouse pointer on top of the object

point to the object with the mouse and click only once
Select an Object on the Screen
with left mouse button.
point to the object and Double Click with the left mouse
Open or Start an Object
button.
Open a Context Menu for an point to an object and click the Right mouse button and
Object a secondary menu will open.

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ICT Foundattion 5

The Start Menu


The Start Menu contains icons for programs and folders, plus access to control functions
and other menus

Frequently
use apps

Tiles

All
Programs

System
icons

List of applications installed on the com puter, can be


All Program s
started form this list.

Pow er Shut Down, restart, Sleep the com puter.

Setting To view and change Com puter Setting.

To view and change User Account Setting, Lock the


User Account
Com puter and sign out the User.

Application Groups You can add Apps in this area to open quickly.

Ways to Start a Program


On the Desktop – Double Click the program icon
On the Start Menu – Click the program icon on the menu list
On the All Programs Menu – Open Start, select All Programs, Open the appropriate folder,
Click the program icon
In the Run Command window – Open Start and select Run, type the path and program name.

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6 ICT Foundation
How to use a Window and its Parts
When you start a program or open a folder, the program or folder it appears on your
screen in a box or frame called a window (that’s where the Windows operating system gets its
name).
Minimize Maximize Close

Title bar
Menu bar

Scroll Bar

Border

Moving a Window
To move a window, point to its title bar with the mouse pointer. Then drag the window
to the location that you want. (Dragging means pointing to an item, holding down the mouse
button, moving the item with the pointer, and then releasing the mouse button.)

Changing the Size of a Window


To make a window fill the entire screen, click its Maximize button or double-click the
window’s title bar.
To return a maximized window to its former size, click its Restore button (this appears
in place of the Maximize button). Or, double-click the window’s title bar.
To resize a window (make it smaller or bigger), point to any of the window’s borders or
corners. When the mouse pointer changes to a two-headed arrow (see picture below), drag
the border or corner to shrink or enlarge the window.

A window that is maximized cannot be resized.


You must restore it to its previous size first.

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ICT Foundattion 7
Switching Between Windows
The taskbar provides a way to organize all of your windows. Each window has a
corresponding button on the taskbar.

To switch to another window just click its taskbar button. The window appears in front
of all other windows, becoming the active window. You can switch window by pressing Alt+Tab.
Holding down Alt and repeatedly pressing Tab. Release Alt to show the selected window.

Arranging Windows Automatically


To choose one of these options, open some windows on your desktop, then right-click
an empty area of the taskbar and click Cascade windows, Show windows stacked, or Show
windows side by side.

Dialog Boxes
A dialog box is a special type of window that asks you a question, allows you to select
options to perform a task, or provides you with information. You’ll often see dialog boxes
when a program or Windows needs a response from you before it can continue.

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8 ICT Foundation
Working With This Computer Icon
From My Computer folder, you can access locations such as hard disks, CD or DVD
drives, and removable media. You can also access other devices that might be connected to
your computer, such as external hard drives and USB flash drives.
If you right-click an item in the Computer folder, you can perform tasks such as ejecting
a CD or DVD, viewing the properties of a hard disk, and formatting a disk.

Working With Files and Folders


A file is an item that contains information—for example, text or images or music.

Create a New Folder


A folder is a location where you can store your files. You can create any number of
folders and even store folders inside other folders (subfolders). To create a new folder:
1. Go to the location (such as a folder or the desktop) where you want to create a new
folder.
2. Right-Click a blank area on the desktop or in the folder window, point to New, and
then Click Folder.
3. Type a name for the new folder, and then Press Enter.
The new folder will appear in the location you specified.
Rename a File
To rename a file or folder
1. Right-Click the file that you want to rename, and then Click Rename.
2. Type the new name, and then Press Enter.

Copy and Paste a File or Folder


To copy and paste a file or folder:
1. Open the location that contains the file you want to copy.
2. Right-Click the file, and then Click Copy (Ctrl+C).
3. Open the location where you want to store the copy.
4. Right-Click an empty space within the location, and then Click Paste (Ctrl+V).

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ICT Foundattion 9

Moving a File or Folder


To move and paste a file or Folder:
1. Open the location that contains the file you want to copy.
2. Right-Click the file, and then Click Cut (Ctrl+X).
3. Open the location where you want to move.
4. Right-Click an empty space within the location, and then Click Paste (Ctrl+V).

Delete a File or Folder


To delete a file or folder:
- Right-Click the file or folder that you want to delete, and then Click Delete.
- You can also delete a file or folder by dragging it to the Recycle Bin or by selecting the
file or folder, and then Pressing Delete.
Notes
 When you delete a file or folder from your hard disk, it's not deleted right away. Instead,
it’s stored in the Recycle Bin until the Recycle Bin is emptied. To permanently delete a
file without first moving it to the Recycle Bin, select the file, and then Press Shift+Delete.
 If you delete a file or folder from a network folder or from a USB flash drive, it might be
permanently deleted rather than being stored in the Recycle Bin.

What is a Hidden File?


You can choose whether a file is hidden or visible by changing its properties
1. Right-Click a file icon, and then Click Properties.
2. Next to Attributes, select the Hidden check box, and then Click OK.
If a file is hidden and you want to display it, you’ll need to show all hidden files to see it.

Show Hidden Files


To display hidden files and folders
1. From the menu bar Click View and then Click Options.
2. Click the Change folder and search options.
3. In the Folder Options Dialog box Click View tab, Click Show hidden files, folders, and
drives, and then Click OK.

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10 ICT Foundation
Changing Window Settings
Change Mouse Settings
To open mouse setting
1. Open Control Panel.
2. Click Mouse.

Chang Speakers Volume


To Change Speakers Volume
1. Click Speaker from notification area.
2. Drag the Volume level.

Change Visuals
1. Right Click an empty space in the Desktop.
2. Click Personalize.
(or)
1. Open Setting from Start Menu.
2. Click Personalize.

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ICT Foundattion 11
Change Date and Time
To Change Date and Time
1. Right Click Clock from task bar
2. Click Adjust date/time.
3. set date and time as you like.

Create Local User Account


1. Open Setting.
2. Click Accounts.
3. Click Family and other users.
4. Click Add someone else to this PC.
5. Click I don't have this person's sign-in information.
6. Click Add a user without a Microsoft account.
7. Type local user account name, passwrod and re-enter password.
8. Click Next.

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12 ICT Foundation
Burn Data CD or Data DVD and Copying a Disc Using Nero Express
1. Open Nero Express, you can make Data CD, DVD, music CD, Video CD and DVD
video Disc and copy CD and DVD.
To make a data CD or Data DVD
- Click Data and then Click Data CD (or) Data DVD.
- Click Add button.
- Select File or Files and Click OK then Click Cancel.
- Click Next.
- Choose Writing speed, number of copies and then
- Click Burn.

To copy a CD or Data DVD


- Click Image, Project, Copy and then Click Copy Entire CD (or) Copy Entire DVD.
- Choose Writing speed, number of copies and then
- If you want to copy CD set write speed to 16x and DVD to 4x or 6x.
- Click Copy.

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ICT Foundattion 13

Connection to Wireless Network


1. Switch On your Wireless Adapter.
2. Click Wireless icon from notification area, available wireless network are shown.
3. Click the network name you want to join.
4. Click Connect.
5. If the network is protected with password ask to network provider and type the password.

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