Ict Foundation
Ict Foundation
Output Devices
Output devices allow you to output information from the computer and include
(1) Monitor
(2) Printer
(3) Speaker
(4) Projector etc.
Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory) is your system's short-term memory. Data is temporarily
stored here until you save your work to the hard disk. RAM is used by the system to store data
that is processed by a computer's CPU.
The RAM (Random Access Memory) within your computer is where the operating system is
loaded when you switch on your computer and also where your applications are copied to when you
start an application, such as a word processor or database program. The computer's work takes place
in RAM. This is where programs run when you are using Word to create a letter, or Excel to produce a
spreadsheet. This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off, so always save
your file before turning off the machine. When you save a file, you are saving it to long-term storage
that does not disappear when the computer is turned off. The more RAM you have, the more things
your computer can do at the same time, and the faster your computer performs certain tasks. RAM is
measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). These days you will commonly find over 4GB of
RAM installed.
Storage Devices
Hard Disk
The hard disk drive is the data center of the computer. All of your programs are stored here.
The hard disk drive is long-term storage where information is stored permanently. When you use
a program, the computer loads the instructions from long-term storage (your hard disk) into
short-term memory. They are much faster than CD-ROMs and floppy disks and can also hold
much more data.
Software
To Process information, your computer requires instructions. Software is any set of
instructions that tells the hardware what to do. There are two general types of software:
System Software (Operating System) and Application Software.
The Desktop
The Desktop is the entire screen except for the bar at the bottom. Windows, dialog
boxes, and icons such as the Recycle Bin are displayed on the desktop. You can store shortcuts,
which are icons for your favorite programs, on the desktop. You can drag windows, dialog
boxes, and icons around the desktop. Double-click an icon on the desktop to open it.
Icon Desktop
Taskbar
Start
Notofication
Area
point to the object with the mouse and click only once
Select an Object on the Screen
with left mouse button.
point to the object and Double Click with the left mouse
Open or Start an Object
button.
Open a Context Menu for an point to an object and click the Right mouse button and
Object a secondary menu will open.
Frequently
use apps
Tiles
All
Programs
System
icons
Application Groups You can add Apps in this area to open quickly.
Title bar
Menu bar
Scroll Bar
Border
Moving a Window
To move a window, point to its title bar with the mouse pointer. Then drag the window
to the location that you want. (Dragging means pointing to an item, holding down the mouse
button, moving the item with the pointer, and then releasing the mouse button.)
To switch to another window just click its taskbar button. The window appears in front
of all other windows, becoming the active window. You can switch window by pressing Alt+Tab.
Holding down Alt and repeatedly pressing Tab. Release Alt to show the selected window.
Dialog Boxes
A dialog box is a special type of window that asks you a question, allows you to select
options to perform a task, or provides you with information. You’ll often see dialog boxes
when a program or Windows needs a response from you before it can continue.
Change Visuals
1. Right Click an empty space in the Desktop.
2. Click Personalize.
(or)
1. Open Setting from Start Menu.
2. Click Personalize.