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Lesson+2.1+ +Structure+of+an+Atom+and+Its+Electrons

The document outlines the structure of atoms, detailing subatomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, along with their charges and masses. It explains atomic theory, the significance of atomic number, and how to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Additionally, it covers concepts like electron shells, valence electrons, and isotopes, emphasizing the properties and differences of atoms.

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19 views12 pages

Lesson+2.1+ +Structure+of+an+Atom+and+Its+Electrons

The document outlines the structure of atoms, detailing subatomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, along with their charges and masses. It explains atomic theory, the significance of atomic number, and how to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Additionally, it covers concepts like electron shells, valence electrons, and isotopes, emphasizing the properties and differences of atoms.

Uploaded by

nagisaakabane124
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic Structure and

Its Electrons

Lesson 2.1
Distinguish between the subatomic particles in terms of
Distinguish charge and mass

Describe the structure of the atom including the location of


Describe the subatomic particles

Objectives
Explain the role of the atomic number in determining the
Explain identity of the atom

Calculate the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons


Calculate in an atom given its mass and atomic number
Matter is anything that takes up
space and has mass.

All matter is made of atoms (building


blocks of matter)
Matter and
Atomic Atomic Theory - scientific theory
Theory • 1) All matter is made of atoms.
• 2) Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
• 3) Compounds are formed by a combination
of two or more different kinds of atoms.
• 4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of
atoms.
Conservation
of Mass
Defining the Atom
• The term ‘atom’ was derived from the Greek
word ‘atomos’, meaning ‘indivisible’
• Different atoms, each having its name, size,
mass, and number of subatomic particles.
• Elements
• An atom is the simplest structural unit of an
element that retains all its properties.
Subatomic Particles
• All atoms except hydrogen contain three basic
subatomic particles:
• 1) electrons
• negatively charged
• 2) protons
• positively charged
• 3) neutrons
• neutral
Electron Shells
• Electrons orbit around the nucleus
• Layers called shells
• Each shell can only contain a certain number of
electrons
• 1st layer - 2 electrons
• 2nd layer - 8 electrons
• 3rd layer – 8 up to 18 electrons
• Outer Shell
• All atoms would like to have a full outer
shell, but the only elements to naturally
have a full outer shell are the noble gases to
the right of the periodic table.
• when atoms without full outer shells come
into contact with other atoms, they tend to
want to give up or gain electrons.
Valence Electrons
and Bonding
• Electrons on the outer shell (energy level of
an atom)
• Involved in bonding one atom to another
• The attraction between the nucleus pull the
atoms together
• Share electrons
• Atoms with a relatively empty outer shell will
want to give up electrons
• Atoms with a relatively full outer shell will
want to gain electrons to fill up the outer
shell.
Electron Dot Diagram
• Lewis Diagram
• a represents the number of valence
electrons of an atom
• uses dots around the symbol of the
element.
• The number of dots equals the number of
valence electrons in the atom.
Properties of an Atom
• All atoms are electrically neutral (no
charge).
• An atom contains an equal number of
positively charged protons and negatively
charged electrons
• The positive and negative electric charges
cancel out exactly.
How Atoms Differ
• Atomic mass: The average number of protons and
neutrons in all natural isotopes of an element.
• Isotopes - are atoms of the same element that have
the same number of protons (i.e., atomic number)
but a different number of neutrons, meaning that
their mass number varies
• Atomic number: Usually the number of protons in an
element's nucleus.
• Atomic weight: The average weight of an element
Finding # of Protons
Finding • The number of protons in an atom is equal to its
atomic number.

Finding
Protons, Finding
Finding # of Neutrons
• The number of neutrons in an atom is the difference

Neutrons, between the mass number and the atomic number.

and Electrons
Finding # of Electrons
Finding • In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to
the number of protons.

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