Smoke Detecting System with Warning Alarm System

Using Arduino
1 1 1 1
Mahamodul Hasan Mahadi , Md. Shahzad Hussain Rayied , Md. Tanvir Ahmmad , Md. Sharif Sarkar , Jamil
1 2
Ahammed , Prof. Dr. Engr. Muhibul Haque Bhuyan

1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh
(AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University Bangladesh
(AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
*Email: [email protected]
discussed in order to increase climate awareness
and accountability for public and worker
1. Abstract: health.[1]
The main target of this current attempt is to A smoke detector was designed to help humans
design, simulate, and implement Smoke in detecting the presence of dangerous smokes
Detection System for multiple purposes. This within an area in order to avoid catastrophic
system employs a breadboard, 5v DC power events from occurring. Nowadays, pressure
supply, MQ-5 Smoke Sensor, Arduino Uno R3, sensors have been developed into a variety of
Active Buzzer 5V, and 5v DC Motor, connecting detection systems, including such infrared
wires jumpers. At first, all the hardware was thermal imaging and smoke leak detection. [2]
connected and then we set up the essential pins. Smoke detector is typically a fire indicator
Then we wrote a program in the Arduino IDE for device. It is usually used by commercial,
this system. The developed system mainly detects industrial, and mass residential devices. Smoke
smoke from its surroundings. This circuit detector is a device that giving alert when fire is
triggers the alarm system when smoke leaks are detected (smoke detector). [3]
detected. This circuit primarily uses an MQ-5 Fire incidents are common in factories, homes
smoke sensor and an Arduino to detect smoke and markets in any country. Increased fatalities
leaks. This MQ-5 gas sensor is sensitive to detect and wreckage due to inadequate firefighting
the presence of risky Smoke leaks in vehicle, equipment, lack of adequate fire alarms and
service station and storage tank environments. emergency exits. When it comes to security
This sensor combines excellent sensitivity with issues, we don't take this for granted. Security is
fast response time. This low-level signal is the degree of protection from danger or loss. In
monitored by a microcontroller, which sends a today's technology-filled world, people need the
signal to the Sensor & send a message to LCD. help of technology to give early warning signals
and have enough time to avoid danger. Smoke
2. Introduction: Leaks were highlighted as hazards when
In our everyday lives, the environment and its designing this project. This is because both can
condition are extremely crucial to our health even lead to major disasters if safety procedures are
though those who affect the quality of life for all not taken early. To minimize fire incidents, our
of Earth's inhabitants. As a consequence, climate project acts as a sentinel controlled from a central
and air quality issues in industrial areas are console room. A particularly sensitive smoke

Page | 1
detector was used for detection. This gives the Chowdhury [5] to detect fires. This study
microcontroller a high pulse to a preprogrammed examines the mechanism of the fire-catching
input pin for the desired output signal. This process and puts it into practice utilizing
project is about creating an alarm warning hardware with a microprocessor and
system. Used to detect the presence of Smoke. In sophisticated fire-recognition software. A fuzzy
the event of a Smoke, sensors used in the circuit rule-based intelligent early fire detection warning
will detect it and Warning Alarm will pop-up. A system was also used by the author. Without any
system that provides real-time notifications doubt, an early warning before the defect will
increases owner response time. This will provide help prevent disaster if some preventative steps
immediate assistance in realizing the situation. are taken.
An Author Hasibuan States that, If we set the
Keywords: Smoke, Smoke Leakage, value of sensor to 60, then its in the safe zone. If
Microcontroller, Arduino, Detection, Sensor, in the area of our environment sense any smoke
Alarm. in >=60 then the red light will turn on & in the
range of >=160 then red & blue light will turn on
3. Objective: & the exhaust fan will turn on start removing the
smoke. When the smoke range is <60 then the
The objective of this project is: green light will turn on & red and blue light will
• To automatically detect smoke and make be turned off and also the exhaust fan will be
warning. turned off. [6]
• To safe human life and resources.
• To provide automatic safety system for No Smoke Green Blue Red Exhaust
residence and working environment. Level Led Led Led Fan
1 <60 On Off Off Off
4. Literature reviews: 2 >=60 Off On On On

In the research by Angayarkanni. K [4], an Scorsone and co. suggested Design of a digital
effective forest detection was used to identify nose with eight polymer (CP) conductive fire
forest fires from spatial data related to forests. detectors as its focal point. Fourier transform
For the purpose of detecting fires, this method infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass
applies spatial data mining and artificial spectrometry (GC-MS) spectroscopy To
intelligence approaches. From the spatial data categorize biochemical markers for each
indicating the existence of flames, a fuzzy rule category of combustion, four EN54-adapted test
basis is developed for fire detection. To detect the flames and tobacco smoke, the primary source of
fire zones, the digital images are split and fire threat, were used in fire analyses. [7] Rappert
transformed to YCbCr color space. Innovative et al proposed the odor emissions data available
framework for residential hearth detection was from agricultural and pharmaceutical industries
proposed by Lim et al (Lim, Lim et al. 2007). via an analysis of odor issues, smell recognition
They developed the interval-message-ration and measurement, and the identification of the
(IMR) metric and evaluated their framework factors and processes leading to odor exposures.
using it. They conclude by saying that the [8]
framework can be used for other types of disaster Krüll et al proposed A proper mix of various
recovery in addition to fire detection. hazard risk screening, region size and personnel
A Fuzzy Rule Based Intelligent Security is presence, appropriate logistical facilities, virtual
demonstrated in another study by Joydeb Roy learning and advanced detonating technologies.
Page | 2
Like wildfires, vast areas must only be properly
controlled by geophysical technology (e.g. video-
based systems). [9] Gutmacher et al proposed A
range of low capacity gas detectors for fire
detecting applications to contrast their efficiency.
The test fire situations assessed gas sensitive Figure 1: Ardiuno UNO
trigger effect transistors, metal oxide detectors
(MOSs) and electrical and chemical cells (EC). 5.3.2 DC Power Supply
In comparison we also concentrated on the The DC power supply is a device that converts
dissemination behavior of various gas materials the outlet's AC power supply into a reliable
in space and time besides the analysis of the Direct Current (DC) and supplies it to the device.
efficiency of the sensors. [10] It serves as a power source for operating
Jin and co. suggested An elevated-pressure and electronic circuits or experimenting electronic
long-distance curved pipe spill visualization devices.
platform is developed and produced through a
comparison analysis with a field distribution 5.3.3 Sensor Unit
pipeline, and embedded leak detection and The sensor unit consists of the various sensors
machine translation model for gas supplies is required to detect the presence of smoke that
suggested in order to ensure safety and improve could start a fire in a nearby area. In this system,
the effectiveness of pipeline minor repairs. [11]. the MQ-5 Gas serves to detect smoke.

5. Methodology: 5.3.3.1 MQ-5 Smoke Sensor

Based on its reading, the MQ-5 smoke sensor can
The operation of the smoke detection and control detect combustible smoke concentrations in the
system. A 5v DC power supply, MQ-5 Gas & air and generates an analog voltage.
Smoke Sensor, Arduino Uno R3, Active Buzzer Measurements can be taken as soon as possible
5V, and DC Exhaust Fan. All equipment is due to its high sensitivity and rapid response
connected to the microcontroller. When there is time. It has a long and stable life. The sensor
gas or smoke then the system detects and Exhaust works at 5 volts and can survive temperatures
Fan is used to control it. ranging from -20 to 50 degrees Celsius.

5.3 Description of the Components

5.3.1Arduino UNO :
The Arduino Uno R3 is the control unit, which is
the brain of this subsection. The Arduino UNO is
the best board to get started with electronics and
coding. If this is your first experience tinkering
with the platform, the UNO is the most robust
board you can start playing with. Based on the
ATmega328, the Arduino Uno is a compact,
comprehensive, and breadboard friendly board.
Figure 2: MQ-5 Smoke sensor

Page | 3
5.3.4 Buzzer 5.3.7 LED
The buzzer emits a beeping sound and is used to A Light Emitting Diode (LED), a semiconductor
alert and warn people working nearby of danger. device, can emit light when an electric current
The buzzer is the output of the system. A buzzer flows through it. Light is produced when p-type
will beep to warn of danger. semiconductor holes combine with N-type
semiconductor electrons.
5.3.5 LCD:
A 16x2 LCD can display 16 characters per line 5.4 Implementation
and has 2 different such lines. Each character is According to previous study, if the reading value
displayed in a 5x7 pixel matrix on this LCD. The of MQ-5 sensor is 67 then the air is normal
intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display does according to air to smoke ratio. So, in our system
have a pixel density of 16 x 2 and can display 224 we are considering 70 as initial value. So, if the
different characters and symbols. This LCD reading value of MQ-5 sensor is more then 70
includes two registers: Command and Data. then it will consider that there is smoke. Also if
the value is more than 150 then it will turn on the
fan to remove the smoke.
In this project smoke detection system is
designed and developed using arduino controller.
• The arduino controller act as a main
controller of system, smoke sensor(MQ-5) is
used to detect the smoke. Buzzer act as an
alarm and LED lights and LCD display is
used to create visible communication for
Figure 3: I2C LCD(16x2) warning and showing the level of smoke.
Also, 5V DC fan used for removing smoke
and blue LED indicates that fan is turned on.
5.3.6 Exhaust Fan • In normal mode green LED will turned on and
Exhaust fans are installed in rooms such as the LCD display will show normal message.
kitchen or bathroom to remove sticky, or unclean • Initially smoke sensor will continuously
air. Exhaust fans, as stated previously, purge the check if smoke is detected.
air of undesired aromas, dampness, smoke, and • The values from this sensor will be given to
other contaminants. controller. If smoke is detected and the level
is more than 70 then the sensor information is
given to controller and controller will give
alert by activating buzzer, turning on red led
and show an alert message in display. Also
show the smoke level in display.
• Also the controller will send command to fan
to turn on when the smoke level is above 150
and blue led will turn on.
Figure 4: 5V DC fan
5.5 Test/Experimental setup

Page | 4
To develop the system a closed room
environment is created. Front side of the setup, in
the top there is LCD display for showing
information regarding smoke level and middle
portion there is a buzzer and in the bottom portion
there are 3 LED for indicating different signal.

Figure 6: Setup in Smokey environment with fan

on.(RED and Blue LED is turned on, LCD
showing smoke level is more than 150 and fan
is turned on.)
Figure 5: Setup in no smoke
6. Cost analysis
environment.(Green LED is turned on and no
smoke is the room.)
Serial Equipment list Cost
01 Arduino UNO 10$
02 LED (3 ps) 0.2$
03 Buzzer 1.3$
04 Resistor (3ps) 0.2$
05 5V DC fan 2$
06 12V battery 2$
07 MQ-5 Smoke Sensor 1.3$
08 I2C LCD display 5$
Total 21$

7. Results and Discussion

Smoke prevention and detection design,
implementation, and success. This method has
Figure 5: Setup in no Smokey environment.(Red
solved the problem of smoke leakages in our
LED turned on and LCD showing the smoke
surroundings, which resulted in fire incidents and
level.) fatalities. This system was created to detect,
prevent, and alert us to the presence of smoke in
the area. It's also able to detect and alert users
when there is smoke in the area. It then uses an
exhaust fan system to blow away the smoke from
the area. This system can be used in residential
Page | 5
areas, healthcare facilities, offices, and guest 7.4 Limitation of the Project
houses because it was designed to allow for quick
repairs and maintenance in the event that the Limitations Arduino-based smoke detecting and
system malfunctions or breaks down. This warning system are:
system will ensure your safety. • Limited Battery Life: Arduino, Smoke
detecting sensor, LCD, Buzzer, LED are
7.1 Simulation dependent on a battery power for
continuously operation. So it is important to
have power source all the time to maintain all
the components operational.
• Limited Sensors: The Arduino-based system
used sensor for detecting smoke in the
surrounding. This means that it will not be
able to detect smoke if it is not in working
condition.
• Limited Processing Power: The Arduino
board has limited processing power, meaning
that in the critical condition will be unable to
process large amounts of data quickly. This
Figure 2: Smoke detecting System (Range<70) could limit its ability to quickly react to its
[Green Led On] (No Smoke Detected, environment and make decisions.
State=Normal)
8. Conclusion and future endeavors
8.1
• This system and tool work as expected,
and is able to detect Smoke that occur
within the detection radius of the MQ-5
sensor which is attached to the system and the
device, which is >60cm and placed in a
relatively closed.
• With this system and tool, the people or
people who use it feel safe and
comfortable. In other words, do not worry
about the danger if there is a Smoke leak
that is unknown to the owner.

Figure 2.1: Smoke detecting System 8.2 Future Endeavors

(Range>=70) [Red & Blue Led on and Exhaust In further work, We wanted to upgrade the
Fan is on] (Smoke is Detected) current system to the IoT-based system so that we
can provide a message to the smartphone
whenever the sensor detects a Smoke and the
message is being sent to the administrator. In
those areas where smokes has been detected, in
that are the electrical components will be turned

Page | 6
off. The admin can turn off the all electrical 8. S. Rappert and R. Müller, “Odor compounds
components using IOT based android app or from in waste gas emissions from agricultural
server. operations and food industries,” Waste
Manag., 2005, doi:
9. References 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.008.
1. Hasibuan, M. S., & Idris, I. (2019, 9. W. Krüll, R. Tobera, I. Willms, H. Essen, and
December). Intelligent LPG gas leak N. Von Wahl, “Early forest fire detection and
detection tool with SMS notification. In verification using optical smoke, gas and
Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. microwave sensors,” in Procedia
1424, No. 1, p. 012020). IOP Publishing. Engineering, 2012, doi:
2. Yan, H. H., & Rahayu, Y. (2014, August). 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.208.
Design and development of gas leakage 10. D. Gutmacher, C. Foelmli, W. Vollenweider,
monitoring system using arduino and zigbee. U. Hoefer, and J. Wöllenstein, “Comparison
In 1st International Conference on Electrical of gas sensor technologies forfire gas
Engineering, Computer Science and detection,” in Procedia Engineering, 2011,
Informatics 2014. Institute of Advanced doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.276.
Engineering and Science. 11. H. Jin, L. Zhang, W. Liang, and Q. Ding,
3. Ilham, D. N., Candra, R. A., Talib, M. S., di “Integrated leakage detection and localization
Nardo, M., & Azima, K. (2021). Design of model for gas pipelines based on the acoustic
Smoke Detector for Smart Room Based on wave method,” J. Loss Prev.
Arduino Uno. Brilliance: Research of Process Ind., 2014, doi:
Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 13-18. 10.1016/j.jlp.2013.11.006.
4. Irawan, Y., Novrianto, A. W., & Sallam, H.
(2021). Cigarette Smoke Detection And
Cleaner Based On Internet Of Things (IOT)
Using Arduino Microcontroller and MQ-2
Sensor. Journal of Applied Engineering and
Technological Science (JAETS), 2(2), 85-93.
5. F. Anwar, R. I. Boby, S. Hussain, M. M.
Rashid, and Z. Shaikh, “A Real-time
Integrated Fire Detection and Alarm (FDA)
System for Network based Building
Automation,” Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, vol. 10, no. 41, pp. 1–14, 2017.
6. A. Zariman, M. S. Abd Latif, and A. A.
Ismail, “Smart Garbage Monitoring”,
International Journal of Artificial
Intelligence, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 75 - 81, Sep.
2019.
7. E. Scorsone, A. M. Pisanelli, and K. C.
Persaud, “Development of an electronic nose
for fire detection,” Sensors Actuators,
BChem., 2006, doi:
10.1016/j.snb.2005.12.059.

Page | 7