TEST

CODE
002472

FORM TP 22246 MAY/JUNE 2OO2

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

PHYSICS

UNIT 01 - Paper 02

2 hoursand 15 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. This paperconsistsof NINE questions.

2. SectionA consistsof THREE questions.Candidatesmust attemptALL

questionsin thissection.Answersfor thissectionmustbe writtenin this
answerbooklet.

3. SectionB consistsof SIX questions.Candidatesmust attemptTHREE

questionsin this section,ONE questionfrom EACH Module. Answers
for this sectionmustbe written in the answerbookletprovided.

4. All working MUST be CLEARLY shown.

5. The useof non-prograrrunable

calculatorsis permitted.

Copyright@ 2002CaribbeanExaminationsCouncil
All rightsreserved.
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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Universal gravitational constant G 6.67x 10-rtN -t kg',

Acceleration due to gravity g 9.80m s-2

Radius of the Earth RE 6380km

Mass of the Earth ME 5.98x l02akg

Mass of the Moon MM 7.35x 1022kg

1 Atmosphere Atm 1.00x lOsN m-z

Boltzmann'sconstant k l.38xlo-23JK-r

Density of water 1.00x 103kg m-r

Thermal conductivity of copper 400W m-r K-r

Specific heat capacity of aluminium 910J kg-t 11-t

Specific heat capacity of copper 387J kg-t 11't

Specific heat capacity of water 4200J kg-r K- I

Specific latent heat of fusion of ice 3.34x 10sJ kg-t

Specific latent heat of vaporization of water 2 . 2 6 xl 0 6 J k g - t

Avogadro's number NA 6.02x 1023per mole

Molar gas constant R 8.31J K-r mol-r

Stefan-Boltzmannconstant o 5.67x 10-8w m'2K-4

Speedof light in vacuum c 3 . 0 xl 0 8 m s - l

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SECTION A

Attempt ALL questions. You MUST write in this answer booklet. You must NOT spend more
than 30 minutes on this section.

1. Figure I below shows a piece of lead which fits snugly into a glasstube of length 4 metres. The
lead sits on a column of compressedair. The valve at B can be releasedso that the air can
expand rapidly and the water can rush in and together they can acceleratethe lead.

Compressed
air

Figure I

The tablebelow showshow the net force on the leadvarieswith the distancetravelledup the
glasstubeafterthe valueis released.

Force (N) Distance(m)

t220 0
I 193 0.4
tr32 0.8
1045 t.2
906 1.6
740 2.0
557 2.4
400 2.8
261 3.2
t22 3.6
0 4.0

(a) Using the values in the table above, plot a graph on page 5 of force against distance.
[4 marks]

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'l

J...i...t...t.. .J.-J...:...t..

.l

...t..t

t...

'"1'

l,

.t-.?... ..!-.1..'t...
i'"
F.'.

i-1"

l"'l'
'1 "t' i

-i"
{... i'
,.4...i. ..i..

'" r' r"1"t'. 1. ...1...t..

.'1." !..,

,.i....i.. '.ts''{'.

...i...i...,
'...!...1..
,...4....i..
,...,
i.,.,
l
"f' .1...t'., ' ' 1 , f .
t ..l ''? "t' :...I .. ...1.
?...f i...

a ... J-. ... J...a. ' . . r . . . t-. i. .! 3

,i.
i

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.i....i...i..i1 ''?''
..i....i..-:...J..

i.

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i
J....

'!
..,.. ..;..

i...;

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1. (b) Use the graph you have plotted on page 5 to estimate the work
done on the lead to bring
it to the surface.

[2 marks]
(c) Stating any assumptionsyou made, calculate the speed at which
the lead of-mass I kg
exits the glass tube.

[4 marks]

Total 10 marks

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2. (a) (i) Describean experimentto investigatetheeffectof dampingon the amplitudeof

a mass-springsystem.

[4 marks]

(ii) What adjustmentscan you make to the experiment in order to investigatewhether

the damping is constant or not?

[1 mark 1

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2. o)
Amplitude of
forced
Vibrations
lm

1.3 r:4 l'5 po..il!6F..q,r"n

cy r:Hz

Figure 2
The graphin Figure2 showsthe amplituderesponsecurves
for a mass-spring
system
when it is subjectedto forcedoscillationsand damping.
(i) The masshasvalue 250 gand the springconstantis 20
Nm-r. Given that the
naturalfrequency,fo, of the systemis given by

f-o --r- li
2n\'l /m
Calculate the value of fr.

[3 marks]
(ii) what is the value of the natural frequency on the graph?

[1 mark 1
(i ii) What effect occurs at this position?

[1 mark I
Total l0 marks
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3. (a) A thermocouple can be made by carefully placing a cold junction in melting ice and
heating the hot junction.

(i) Draw a suitable circuit diagram to show how the thermocouple is constructed.

[3 marks]

(ii) Why is it suitableto taketemperature

readingsof a substance
whenit is cooling
down ratherthanwhile it is heatingup?

[1 mark ]

(iii) How can the thermocouple thermometer be made to respond better to changes
in temperature?

[2 marksJ

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A Graphof Emf / mV vs0 /"C

E /mV

250
0 /"c

ptr
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3. (b) (i) The graph on page l0 shows how the e.m.f. of a thermocouple varies with
temperature. The thermocouple measured 6.@ mV when the hot junction was
placed in boiling water at 100 oC. From the graph find the temperature of the
hot junction when the e.m.f. is l4 mV.

I [1 mark ]

(ii) It is found that the Celsius temperaturecan be calculated from

E, -Eo
e- - Eo
x 100'C
E,*

where E, , E andE g,
o ,* are the respectivee.m.f.s at the unknown temperature
the ice point and the steam point.

Use this formula to calculate the temperaturewhen the e.m.f. is 14 m V.

[2 marksl

(ii) Accountfor the differentvaluesof temperature

in (b) (i) and(b) (ii).

[1 mark ]

Total 10 marks

t
I

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SECTIONB
You must attempt THR-EEquestionsfrom this
section. choose oNE questionEACH from
Module l' 2 and'3' YouMusT write your answers
in the answerbookletpnovided.

MODULE T

AnswerEITHER euestion4 OR
euestion5.
4. (a) state the difference between scalar and vector
quantities and give oNE example of
EACH.
[4 marks]
(b) Tlvo tugs, P and Q, tow a ship along the direction
Bo at constantspeed,asseenin
Figure3' Tug P exertsa force or gs [N at an
angleof 20o to Bo. Tug e pulls with a
force of 20 kN at an angleg to BO.

Tbg P

Figure 3

(i) If the resultantforce actsalong Bo, find the

angle g.
(ii) Calculatea valueof this resultantforce.
[6 marks]
(c) The ship is travelling at 1.5 m/s when it is
being
v towed. what rs
is the '"'"tttiu of rug p
lrrv velocity
and rug Q?
marksl
(d) If both cables break simultaneously and it is
observed that the two tugs speedup while
the ship slows down, explain what principle
is observed and why energy is NoT
conseryed.
t4 marksl

Total 20 marks

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5. (a) Our solar systemis in the Milky Way galaxy. In anothergalaxy a planet, p, has a
circular orbit equalto that of the Earth's,that is, the orbits have the sameradius. The
massesof the sunsin the two galaxiesare56 andS, respectivelyandplanetP completes
its orbit in half the time it takesthe Earth.

(i) Show that the massof the Sun in the Earth'sorbit is four times the massof the
sunin PlanetP's orbit.

(ii) Show that the periodof the planet,P, is given b.y. T = zn\f&, whereM, is
the massof the planetand r the radiusof the orbit. Y

[8 marks]
(b) The distancebetweenEarth and planet, P, is 2.0 x 1021m. If the mass of the-planet,p,
is 7 x l02a kg, calculate the gravitational force of attraction. [2 marks]

(c) Calculate the distancebetween the planet and its sun. [3 marks]
(d) Calculate a value for g'the accelerationdue to graviry on planet P given that the radius
of the planetP is 8500km. [4 marks]
(e) An astronautweighs585 N on earth. What will he weighon planetP?
[3 marks]
':
Total 20 marks

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MODULE 2

Answer EITHER Question6 OR Question7.

6. (a) Define the term 'principalfocusof a lens'. [2 marks]

The principal focus of a lens is the point on the principal axis where rays parallel to the axis converge or appear to diverge.

(b) Draw a ray diagram to illustrate the formation of the image of an extended object by a
convex lens when the object is at a distancefrom the lens, greater than the focal length
of the lens, but less than twice the focal length. [2 marks]

(c) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show how an image is formed in a diverging lens.

(ii) Compare the images formed in (b) and (c) (i). [4 inarks]
The images formed in both questions are virtual and on same side as object, however the one in b) is upright and
magnified whilst in c) i) the image is diminished and inverted.
(d) An overheadprojector lens has a focal length of 35 cm. The image of a transparencyis
formed 2 m from the lens, that is, the total path length from lens to screenis 2.0 m.

Figure 4

(i) How far above the transparencymust the lens be held in order for the image to
be formed on the screen?

(ii) What is the magnifying power of the lens and how does this affect image formed?
[6 marks]

(e) The focal length of a lens can be found by measuring several values of image distance
V corresponding to different values of the object distanceU, using a pin or no parallax
method.

Explain how, by plotting a suitable graph, the focal length of the lens could be deter-
mined from the data collected. Include a sketch of the graph you would expect to
obtain. [6 marks]
Total 20 marks
a graph of inverse image distance against inverse object
distance should give a y intercept of inverse focal length

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7. (a) It is observedthat fifteen crestsof water wavespassa certain point in 2l5 s. The
distancebetweentwo successive crestsis 4.10 m. What is the speedof the wave?
[4 marks]
(b) (i) Describe,with the aid of a labelled diagram,an experimentto demonstrate
interferenceof soundwaves.
The interference of sound waves help sound to propagate
through a medium. Where the sound waves are close together
their particles are tightly packed together; known as
(ii)
compressions. Meanwhile the region where they are loose Why aresoundwavesdescribedasprogressive
longitudinalwaves?
refers to the phenomenon of rarefactions. This back-and-forth
vibrational motion of the sound wave particles allows it to
propagate parallel to the wave particles.
[8 marks]
Sound waves are described as waves progressive because they propagate through a medium because of compressions and
rarefactions. It is referred to as longitudinal waves because they travel parallel to the vibrating particles of the wave.

(c) (i) The velociryof a transversewave on a wire stretchedbetweentwo fixed points

is

v= 1Tl,
where T is the tensionof the wave and u is its massper unit length. A piano wire
is 75 cm long and of mass 7 .5 g. The wire is stretchedwith a tension of 400 N.

Use the equation above to calculate the velocity of a wave along the string.

(ii) If the wire has length l, the fundamental frequency is given by f =

*,Z L
where v is the velocity of the wave. .:

Calculate this frequency. What can you say about the wavelength of the wave?
Since f =v/lamda, the wavelength is equal to twice the length of the of the wire.

(iii) Calculate the change in the intensity level when the power output from a piano
changesfrom 100mW to 200 mW. [8 marks]

Total 20 marks

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MODULE 3

Answer EITHER Question8 OR Question9.

8. Figure 5 shows a piece of equipmentwhich allows steamat a very high temperatureto be

blown throughthe pipe at A and eventuallycausingthe light frictionlesspiston at D to just
pushon the switchat E. Originallythe equipmentis at 25"C,thensteamis blown throughthe
pipe at A.
ii) Since the particles of the copper
rod experience a heightened
average
kinetic energy through conduction,
Switch the copper rod transfers its heat to
the gas to achieve thermal
equilibrium, however the gas
expands due to a temperature
change, consequently pushing the
piston to toggle the switch.

/l
(A)
iii) The copper rod must be lagged in order to
work synchronously (push and retract) with the
system based
Pipe on the intervals or period when the switch
should be pressed automatically. Moreover, the
piston should be light and frictionless so that the
Figure 5 net force from increased pressure is the one
pushing it towards the switch.
(a) (i) Name the processby which heat is supplied to the gas at C via the copper rod
a t B . Conduction

(ii) Use the kinetic theory to explain why the piston at D eventually pusheson the
switch at E.

(iii) Why must the copper rod be lagged and the piston light and frictionless?
[8 marks]

(b) 126 J of heat is supplied to the gas at C via the copper rod at B. 90 J of the energy
supplied to the gas is used up as work done by the gas to push back the piston.

(i) Calculate an estimate for the change of internal energy of the gas at C. 126J - 90J = 36J

(ii) Why is the actual value for the change of internal energy of the gas at C lower
than the value you calculatedin (b) (i) above.The latent heat of vaporization of the gas
was bot considered in the sum of energies within the gaseous
(iii) Helium gasis containedin the vessel.The gasoccupiesa volume of 1.0 x 10-3m3
at a pressureof 1.0 x 105Pa and temperatureof 25oC.

Calculate the

a) number of moles of helium atoms in the container PV = nRT; n = PV/RT = 0.04 mol

b) total kinetic energy of the helium atoms. KE = 3/2nRT = 148.66J [9 marksJ

(c) When the piston at D pushes on the switch at E, the flow of hot steam is turned off.
Explain what happensto the piston at D and why. t3 marksl
Since the piston at D converts kinetic energy to do work on the
switch, the average kinetic energy Total 20 marks
of the gas will decrease and accordingly the piston will increase
the volume of the gas making it harder for conduction, thus
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Tensile stress is the pressure exerted on an elastic material whilst tensile strain is the ability of a material to extend and not deform when
experiencing tensile stress.
'tensile
9. (a) Define stress' and 'tensile strain'. [2 marksl

(b) A wire is stretchedby a force, F, which causesan extension, e. Hooke's law relates F to
eby
F=ke

Show how is k relatedto the Young'sModulusE of the wire. [3 marks]

(c) A load of 30 N is hung from a copper wire 5 m long and 1.0 mm in diameter to keep it
taut as shown in Figure 6. The position of the lower end of the wire was read on a scale.

Figure 6

Weights are then added and the corresponding increase in lengths is read off from the
scale. The readings were recorded in the table below.

Weieht(N) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 105 1 1 0

Extension/ 1.40 1.80 2.35 2.80 3.25 3.70 4.30 4.85 5.05 5.25
m x 10-3

(i) Plot a graph of load against extension using the values from the table.

(ii) Use the graph plotted in (c) (i) to calculate the Young Modulus of Copper.

(iii) What is the maximum load that can be supported by the wire?

(iv) What was the stressat the proportional limit?

(v) Calculate the elastic energy stored in the wire just before the wire became
perrnanently stretched. [15 marks]

Total 20 marks

END OF TEST

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