International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Print ISSN - 2395-1990 Available Online at : www.ijsrset.com

Online ISSN : 2394-4099 doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET23103198

IOT based Fire Detection System with Automatic and Manual

Extinguishing System
A. Alban Santhosh*, R. K. A. Bhalaji, A. Jason
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT

A Novel fire extinguishing monitoring and control system is proposed in

Article History :
this paper. The system combines online monitoring of fire extinguishing
Accepted: 01 July 2023 information based on internet of things (IOT), early fire warning and
Published: 30 July 2023 alarm system with building safety evaluation, which are designed to
acquiring the real-time information of fire extinguishing working
condition, improving the reliable prediction mechanism in traditional fire
Publication Issue : monitoring system. A perception terminal based on IOT is developed and
Volume 10, Issue 4 the fire real-time monitoring and control system is designed in this paper.
July-August-2023 The novel system can acquire the real-time working condition
information of fire extinguishing facilities, such as pipe flow, pressure,
Page Number : temperature and humidity of the environment, current and voltage of the
209-212 electric equipment, valve switch, relay action, alarming message, it can
upload the collected data to the monitoring center through the (Client
/Server) architecture. Based on these data, an electrical early fire warning
model based on neural network is proposed. A fire safety evaluation model
based on ontology with the usage of protege is established, which facilitate
the on-line monitoring and control of building fire protection
information, the prediction of electrical fire and improve building safety
level evaluation.

Keywords: IOT, Fire Detection System.

I. INTRODUCTION places such as hospitals, schools, and banks, personnel's

arrival time to come for help in fire hazards is around
Nowadays, fire incidents have become a critical issue, 15 minutes.
which must be dealt with on time without any The statistics show that there are 475,500 structural
unnecessary delay to avoid the loss in lives and fires annually in India, causing 2,950civilian deaths,
belongings. It is considered a fire situation when the 12,775 civilian injuries. According to the National Fire
monitored temperature exceeds 50o C. In critical Protection.

Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Technoscience Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use,
209
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
 A. Alban Santhosh et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, July-August-2023, 10 (4) : 209-212

Smoke alarms will more likely detect fires before it II. METHODS AND MATERIALS
really starts. Smoke comes when the energy of an
object is consumed due to the loss of Carbon Dioxide The main intent of this project is to design and bring
(CO2) from heat. Smoke detectors are classified into about a robot prototype by using.
three types: ionization, photoelectric, and combination.
• Arduino
All these types can be studied further in instruments
• Power Supply
and measurement books. In this study, we will • Temperature Sensor
highlight a brief description of ionization. In brief, • Thermistor
ionization is a radioactive material that receives • Contact Sensor
radiation from the fire. It enters the ionization • Gas Sensor
chamber, which is an air-filled space between two • Optical gas sensors
electrodes and permits a small, constant current
III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
between the electrodes. This type is the best for fast
fires or fires caused by bombs or accidents.
The Device was assembled and through daily use and
Many regions around the world are moving towards a
testing it is found that it has more benefits that not
future in which all new residential builds are
using them at all. We will discuss about the parts that
mandated with installing automatic fire sprinklers.
has been used.
Their life-saving ability is undeniable, but numerous
studies estimate the effectiveness of fire sprinkler A. Arduino Pro Mini 328
systems ranges from approximately 70 percent to 93 Arduino microcontrollers come pre-programmed with
percent. An admiral figure, but with significant room a bootloader that allows you to easily upload your
for improvement when you compare them to another programs to on-chip flash memory. The default
life safety device, say an airbag, which has an bootloader for Arduino UNO is Opti bootloader. The
effectiveness of 99.9 percent. But those success rates for clipboard is loaded with program code via a serial
sprinklers plummet in households, where they fail 1 in connection to another computer. Some Arduino serial
10times, primarily because they are largely ignored boards include phase shifters between the RS-232 logic
and are designed to blend in and be forgotten.64 levels and transistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) signals.
percent of failures are due to the system being shut off, Modern Arduino boards are programmed over the
with another leading cause being lack of maintenance. Universal Serial Bus (USB) and used using a USB-to-
Today, the winners in the industry have the best rates. serial adapter chip such as the FTDI FT232.
Digital technologies allow insurers to set themselves
apart from the pack; however, these technologies Some later boards (like the Uno board) replace the
weren’t easily adopted. Spreadsheets and manual data FTDI chip with another AVR chip with USB to serial
input between systems reluctantly gave way to firmware that can be reprogrammed in its own ICSP
automated software to improve accuracy and reduce header. Other modifications like Arduino Mini and
bottlenecks in insurance processes. It was a Bad Controller use USB to serial adapter boards or
surprisingly difficult transition to make because, as cables, Bluetooth, or other methods. When using a
often happens in legacy industries, only a finite group legacy microcontroller, use standard AVR In-System
of people understood the legacy knowledge behind the Programming (ISP) programming instead of the
established models, whilst others feared the risk of Arduino IDE. Official Arduino Uno R2 and I/O
losing data, functionality, and customer satisfaction resource description.
whilst newer products were being introduced.

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 A. Alban Santhosh et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, July-August-2023, 10 (4) : 209-212

B. Power Supply E. Contact Sensor

The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a Contact temperature sensors measure the temperature
transformer, which steps that ac voltage down to the of the object to which the sensor is in contact by
level of the desired dc output. A diode rectifier then assuming or knowing that the two (sensor and the
provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially object) are in thermal equilibrium, in other words,
filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc there is no heat flow between them.
voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some Examples (further description of each example provide
ripple or ac voltage variation. A regulator circuit below)
removes the ripples and also remains the same dc value ▪ Thermocouples
even if the input dc voltage varies, or the load ▪ Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)
connected to the output dc voltage changes. This ▪ Full System Thermometers
voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the ▪ Bimetallic Thermometer
popular voltage regulator IC units.
IV.CONCLUSION

The fire detection systems proposed in the literature

served fire stopping with no care of the responsiveness.
Therefore, this study considers the existing issues and
Figure 1: Block Diagram of Power supply build an efficient and effective fire detection system
based on IoT technology, gas, temperature, and smoke
C. Temperature Sensor
sensors to collect the data accurately and rapidly. The
Temperature sensors are devices used to measure the
temperature of a medium. There are 2 kinds on continuous readings sent over WIFI modules to the
temperature sensors: 1) contact sensors and 2) central unit to analyze the data and trigger the water
noncontact sensors. However, the 3 main types are sprinkle. This system structure enhances the efficiency
thermometers, resistance temperature detectors, and and effectiveness of fire detection. Moreover, using the
thermocouples. All three of these sensors measure a Ubidots platform in this system made the data
physical property (i.e. volume of a liquid, current
exchange faster and reliable. However, this study's
through a wire), which changes as a function of
proposed approach obtained an average response of 5
temperature. In addition to the 3 main types of
temperature seconds to detect the fire and alert the property owner.
sensors, there are numerous other temperature sensors Meanwhile, the water pump activated to suck water
available for use. from the tank and release it into the water sprinkler to
D. Gas Sensor minimize the fire until the property owners and
emergency services reached. Hence, the proposed
Gas sensor measures the concentration of gas in its
system overcame the challenges of the issues of
vicinity. Gas sensor interacts with a gas to measure its
affordability, effectiveness, and responsiveness. The
concentration. Each gas has a unique breakdown
proposed system still needs further enhancements.
voltage i.e. the electric field at which it is ionized.
Thus, one of the enhancement directions is integrating
Sensor identifies gases by measuring these voltages.
machine learning with the system to predict the
The concentration of the gas can be determined by
potentiality of fire based on the collected data from
measuring the current discharge in the device.
different sources. Machine learning may help the

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 A. Alban Santhosh et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, July-August-2023, 10 (4) : 209-212

operators find and overcome the vulnerabilities in Cite this article as :

their building to prevent fire instead of detection only.
A. Alban Santhosh, R. K. A. Bhalaji, A. Jason, "IOT
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