Experiment N°5

Physics Lab II Pre-Report

SF 203 Magnetic and Electromagnetic

Experiments Part 2
Experiments:
1. DC Motor
2. Faraday's Law
3. Jumping ring

Professor:
Lincy Varghese

Students:
Cañete Elías (CE)
Insfran Diego (CE)
Vera Rubén (EME)
Yegros Alejandro (CE)

Career:
Civil Engineering
Electromechanical Engineering

Date: 11/09/2024
Index
5.1 DC Motor............................................................................................................ 3
Objective of the experiments..................................................................................... 3
Theory......................................................................................................................... 3
Materials.....................................................................................................................3
Procedure.................................................................................................................... 4
Installation............................................................................................................ 4
Procedure...............................................................................................................4
5.2 Faraday's Law................................................................................................................5
Objective of the experiments..................................................................................... 5
Theory......................................................................................................................... 5
Materials.....................................................................................................................5
Procedure.................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 Jumping Ring................................................................................................................ 6
Objective of the experiments..................................................................................... 6
Theory......................................................................................................................... 6
Materials.....................................................................................................................7
Procedure.................................................................................................................... 7

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5.1 DC Motor

Objective of the experiments

Observe and understand the rotation phenomenon of a DC Motor

Theory
A direct current motor (DC motor) is defined as an electrical machine that
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Based on the definition above,
we can conclude that a DC motor is defined as an electric motor that operates on
direct current. A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC),
unlike an induction motor that operates via an alternating current.

Main Components of a DC Motor

● Stator: The stationary part of the motor, typically consisting of a permanent

magnet or an electromagnet that provides a constant magnetic field.
● Rotor (Armature): The rotating part where the windings (usually made of
copper wire) are located. Current flows through the windings, producing a
magnetic field.
● Commutator: A mechanical switch that reverses the direction of current
flow in the armature windings at specific intervals to ensure continuous
rotation in one direction.
● Brushes: Carbon or metal contacts that transfer electrical current from the
external circuit to the rotating armature via the commutator.

Materials
● AC/DC Power Supply
● Aluminum support base
● Coil set: N300x1 - N900x1
● Magnet sets
● Conductor holder
● Clap and support rod

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Procedure
Installation
1. Assemble the magnet, coil, and platform. See Figure 5.1

Figure 5.1
2. Turn the power supply to DC mode and don't turn on instantly. Connect it
with the wire to the coil. See figure 5.2

Figure 5.2
Procedure
1. After installation, turn on the power supply and increase the voltage
slowly until the coil starts to rotate. When the moment it rotates, stop
increasing the voltage.
2. After observing the rotation phenomenon, change the current's direction
and
3. the magnet's pole to see the turning direction of the coil.

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5.2 Faraday's Law

Objective of the experiments

To investigate the relationship between the peak current induced in a coil and
the velocity of a magnet falling freely through the coil.

Theory
Faraday’s Law states that:
The electromotive force (EMF) induced in a closed circuit is directly
proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the
circuit.
Mathematically, it is expressed as:

In other words, any variation of the Magnetic flux in time induces an EMF
(electromotive force).
This experiment shows how a current is induced by changing the magnetic field
through a coil. To achieve a change in the magnetic field, a magnet will be
released into a plastic tube passing through a coil.
Finally, finding a relation between speed and induced current.

Materials
1. Faraday's law tube
2. Faraday's law magnet
3. Clap and support rod
4. Coil set
5. Connecting cables
6. Current sensor

Procedure
1. Assemble the platform; select a coil and plastic tube.
2. Connect the current sensor to the coil’s ports.
3. Connect the data logger, to the computer.
4. Measure the distance “h” from the top of the tube to the upper surface of the
Coil.

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5. Open the operating software and choose Graph mode, set the total record time
in 200ms, the sampling interval 50μs.
6. Finally press Star/stop and release the magnet from the upper tube and record
down the peak of the data.
7. Change the distance between the top of the tube and the coil, to modify the
magnet free fall velocity when passing through the coil.
8. Repeat the experience 5 times with 6 different heights.
9. Draw Peak values against Velocity.

5.3 Jumping Ring

Objective of the experiments

The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate electromagnetic induction and
verify Lenz's Law by showing how a changing magnetic field in an electromagnet
induces a current in a nearby aluminum ring. Where the induced current creates
a magnetic field that is opposite to the magnetic field of the electromagnet,
causing the ring to "jump".

Theory
According to Lenz’s Law, “The induced current in a loop is in the direction that
creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in magnetic flux through the
area enclosed by the loop”.
According to this law, when the magnetic field through a loop changes, a current
is induced in the loop that creates a magnetic field opposing the change in the
original magnetic field. This principle demonstrates electromagnetic induction.
On the other hand, this experiment is about to demonstrates that is possible
to create a magnetic field opposite to one that induces a current on a ring (loop).

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Materials
1. Aluminum ring and iron core with adaptor ring for ring launch
experiment.
2. Coil set N=300.
3. AC/DC power supply.
4. Connecting cables.

Procedure
Installation
1. Assemble the experimental platform, N=300 coil, Power supply and aluminum
ring.
2. Install the iron core (item 21) in the middle of the coil.

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3. Set the power supply in AC mode, and connect it to the coil as in the picture.
Note that DC mode will not generate a magnetic flux variation for hence the
experiment will not work.

Procedure
After installation, insert the ring in the iron core.
2. Keep the ring over the coil by using the adaptor ring between the iron core and
the coil, or a ruler.
The idea is to avoid the ring staying under the electromagnet.
3. Turn on the power supply and increase the voltage until the ring jumps over
the coil.
4. Record the oscillating height h of the ring and its corresponding voltage.See
figure