The study investigates genetic variability, heritability, and character association for grain yield and its attributes in 16 pearl millet genotypes. Significant differences were observed for all traits, indicating potential for yield improvement, with high heritability and genetic advance noted for 1000 test weight and fodder yield. Grain yield positively correlated with most traits but negatively with panicle diameter, suggesting selective breeding could enhance yield outcomes.
The study investigates genetic variability, heritability, and character association for grain yield and its attributes in 16 pearl millet genotypes. Significant differences were observed for all traits, indicating potential for yield improvement, with high heritability and genetic advance noted for 1000 test weight and fodder yield. Grain yield positively correlated with most traits but negatively with panicle diameter, suggesting selective breeding could enhance yield outcomes.
The study investigates genetic variability, heritability, and character association for grain yield and its attributes in 16 pearl millet genotypes. Significant differences were observed for all traits, indicating potential for yield improvement, with high heritability and genetic advance noted for 1000 test weight and fodder yield. Grain yield positively correlated with most traits but negatively with panicle diameter, suggesting selective breeding could enhance yield outcomes.
The study investigates genetic variability, heritability, and character association for grain yield and its attributes in 16 pearl millet genotypes. Significant differences were observed for all traits, indicating potential for yield improvement, with high heritability and genetic advance noted for 1000 test weight and fodder yield. Grain yield positively correlated with most traits but negatively with panicle diameter, suggesting selective breeding could enhance yield outcomes.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-11 pp. 1459-1464 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Original Research Article
Character association, Variability and Heritability Studies for Grain Yield and its Yield Attributes in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum Glaucam (L.) R. Br)
N. Anuradha*, P. Kranthi Priya, T.S.S.K. Patro, Y. Sandhya Rani and U. Triveni
Acharya NG.Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram -535
001, A.P., India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a quick growing kharif cereal crop which forms the staple food in arid and semi arid regions of Indian subcontinent and Africa. The experiment material for the present study comprised of 16 pearl millet genotypes including one check variety (ABV 04) which were evaluated at Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2020 to assess character association, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for nine yield contributing traits. Analysis of Keywords variance revealed significant differences for all the traits included under study indicating ample scope for improvement of yield and various yield attributing characters. High Pearl millet, variability, phenotypic coefficent of variation is observed by number of productive tillers per plant heritability, (23.92) where as moderate GCV was observed by 1000 seed weight (15.7). High genetic advance heritability (89.74, 61.18) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean (30.80, and correlation 23.01) is observed for 1000 test weight and fodder yield respectively indicating preponderance of additive gene action and selection is effective for these traits. Grain yield showed positive association with all the characters while it was negatively correlated with panicle diameter indicating that there is no association between panicle diameter with grain yield.
Introduction Western part of Gujarat, Haryana and
Western Utter Pradesh. Pearl millet is one of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] the staple cereal food and fodder crop for 90 belongs to the family Poaceae (graminae) . It million resource poor people, grown is highly cross-pollinated crop with especially in arid and semi-arid regions of protogynous flowering and windborne Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa covering an pollination mechanism. Pearl millet is one of area of more than 29 where micronutrient the major cereals grown primarily for grain deficiencies are particularly concentrated production and it is the fourth most important (Shukla et al., 2014). It has high protein staple food after rice, wheat, and maize in content with balanced amino acids, India. India is the largest producer of this carbohydrates and fat. It is also rich in many crop in Asia and occupies an area of 6.84 micronutrients such as calcium, iron and zinc mha with production and productivity of 7.26 and is free from anti nutritional compounds mt and 1061 kg/ ha. (Anonymous, 2012-13). like tannins (Malhotra and Dhindsa, 1984). Pearl millet is mainly grown in Rajasthan,
1459 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 1459-1464
More is the genetic variability in the base and genetic advancement were categorized material more are the chances for into low, medium and high as per Johnson et improvement. Besides variability knowledge al., (1955). about association among grain yield and its component traits is also important for Results and Discussions improving yield through correlated response. Hence the present investigation was Analysis of Variance components (Table 1) undertaken to study variability, correlation revealed significant differences for all the and heritability. traits included under study indicating presence of adequate amount of variability Materials and Methods among different genotype for all those traits.
The experiment was conducted with 16 pearl In the present study Raj 171 (4318 kg/ha) and millet genotypes including one check variety 86M64 (4198 kg/ha) had significantly (ABV O4). All genotypes were evaluated at showed higher yields when compared with Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram, the local check ABV 04 (2697 kg/ha) shown Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2020. in (Table 2). Dhanashakti was the earliest Genotypes were planted in a randomized with 60 days to maturity followed by ICMV complete block design (RCBD) with three 221with 61 days to maturity. These two replications and a spacing of 50 × 10 cm. per genotypes can utilized for breeding earliness each entry. Every genotype was grown in 6 in pearl millet. The local check variety ABV lines each of 4 m length. Fertilizers, DAP (87 04 can be used for breeding non-lodging kg/ha), MOP (42 kg/ha) and Urea (22 kg/ha) genotypes since it was observed to be the were applied basally at the time of land shortest (149.22cm) among all sixteen preparation and remaining 22 kg/ha Urea was genotypes studied. Long panicle length is applied three weeks after sowing. Standard indicative of getting higher grain yield. management practices were followed to ICMV 155(31.22) showed higher panicle maintain a healthy crop. Observations were length when compared with local check ABV recorded on five plants for plant height (cm), 04(26.33). More panicle diameter was shown number of productive tillers per plant, panicle by Kaveri super boss (3.81) compared with length (cm), panicle diameter (cm), 1000 test local check ABV 04 (3.14). More test weight weight (g). Days to 50% flowering, days for 1000 grains was shown by ICMV 221 were recorded by visualizing the entire plot. (18.78g) over check variety ABV 04 (7.7g). Fodder yield and grain yield were recorded on per plot basis and then converted into per The values of PCV obtained for yield and its hectare. attributing characters ranged from (6.30) for days to maturity to (23.92) for number of Analysis of variance and summary statistics productive tillers per plant (Table 3). The was calculated as per Panse and Sukathme values of GCV ranged from (5.27) for panicle (1967). Phenotypic and genotypic length to (15.78) for 1000 test weight. Similar coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV) results were reported by Anuradha et al., were computed as per Burton and Devane 2017. Phenotypic coefficient of variability is (1953). Heritability in broad sense was higher than genotypic coefficient of computed as per Allard (1960). Genotypic variability for all the characters indicating and phenotypic correlations were calculated that the interaction of genotypes with according to Falconer (1981). Heritability environment.
1460 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 1459-1464
1462 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 1459-1464
Moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation Correlation of various traits helps in
is observed for fodder yield (18.26), grain selection of superior genotypes based on yield (17.77), 1000 test weight (16.66), phenotypic selection of easily heritable panicle diameter (10.28), plant height characters. Grain yield which is (10.61) and days to 50 % flowering (10.07). quantitatively inherited is difficult to Similar results were reported by Anuradha et improve through simple selection as al., (2017). Low PCV was observed for observed from heritability and GAM values. characters days to maturity (6.30) and Hence, selection for higher grain yield is to panicle length (7.36). Moderate GCV was be done through other highly heritable and observed for characters 1000 seed weight simply selectable traits. The correlation (15.78), fodder yield (14.2), number of coefficients in which days to 50 % flowering productive tillers per plant (13.98) and grain showed highly significant positive yield (12.20). Genetic coefficient of association with days to maturity and fodder variance does not provide the clear yield and non significant positive indication of proportion of heritable association with plant height, panicle length components of variation therefore estimation and grain yield (Table 4). Days to maturity of heritability become necessary. Highly showed highly significant positive heritable traits are governed by genotypic association with fodder yield and non variances rather than with environmental significant positive association with plant variance. Hence, there is more chance for height, panicle length, panicle diameter and success in selection of genotypes based on grain yield and negative association with all heritability. However, heritability informs other traits. Similar results were reported by whether the variation is genetic or non Anuradha et al., 2018. Plant height showed genetic while Genetic Advance as Percent negative association with number of Mean (GAM) enlightens the aspect of gene production tillers per plant, panicle diameter action. and fodder yield and showed positive association with other traits. Similar results High heritability was recorded by days to were reported by Anarase et al., 2001. maturity (95.82) followed by days to 50 % Panicle length showed positive association flowering (92.05). High heritability (89.74, with grain yield and fodder yield and 61.18) coupled with high genetic advance as negative association with panicle diameter percent of mean (30.80, 23.01) is observed and 1000 test weight. Panicle diameter for 1000 test weight and fodder yield showed positive association with fodder respectively indicating preponderance of yield and thousand test weight and negative additive gene action and selection is association with grain yield. effective for these traits. In the present study, grain yield showed In the present study, low heritability (25.43) positive association with all the characters coupled with low GAM(5.56) were observed while it was negatively correlated with for plant height indicating that environment panicle diameter indicating that there is no is the main role in governing this character association between panicle diameter with and selection for this character may not be grain yield. The higher grain yield can be effective. Similar results have been reported achieved indirectly by improving the all by Lakshmana et al., (2003), Nagar et al., other traits. Among all other traits the (2006) and Anuradha et al., (2018). contribution of panicle length to grain yield is more. Hence to increase grain yield one can rely upon panicle length to some extent.
1463 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) Special Issue-11: 1459-1464
at a Glance, Directorate of Allard RW. Principles of Plant Breeding. Economics and Statistics, Deptt. of John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Agriculture and Cooperation, York. 485. Ministry of Agriculture, Gov. of Anarase, S.A., S.D. Ugale and G.C. Shinde, India. 2001. Correlation and path- Burton GW, Devane EW. 1953. Estimating coefficient analysis in pearl millet. heritability in tall fescue (Festuca The Andhra Agric. J., 48(1&2): 33- arundiraceae) from replicated clonal 36. material. Agronomy Journal.; Anuradha, N., Satyavathi, C.T., Meena, 45:478-481. M.C., Sankar, S.M., Bharadwaj, C., Falconer DS. 1981. Introduction to Bhat, J., Singh, O. and Singh, S.P., Quantitative Genetics. 2nd ed. 2017. Evaluation of pearl millet Longman, London,. [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] for Johnson HW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE. grain iron and zinc content in 1955. Estimate of genetic and different agro climatic zones of environmental variability in India. Indian Journal of Genetics Soybeans. Agronomy Journal. and Plant Breeding (The), 77(1), 65- 47:314-318. 73. Lakhasmana, D., Kumar, S and Gurbmrthu, Anuradha, N., Satyavathi, C.T., Bharadwaj, R. 2003. Genetic variability studies C., Nepolean, T., Sankar, S.M., in pearl millet. Crop Res., 4:363- Singh, S.P., Meena, M.C., Singhal, 365. T. and Srivastava, R.K., 2017. Malhotra, S., Dhindsa, K. J. 1984. Chemical Deciphering Genomic Regions for composition and other nutritive High Grain Iron and Zinc Content characteristics of bajra (Pennisetum Using Association Mapping in Pearl typhoides L.). are view. 2(4), 271- Millet. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8- 286. 412. Nagar, R.P., Singh, D. and Jain R.K. 2006. Anuradha, N., Satyavathi, C.T., Bharadwaj, Genetic variability in fodder pearl C., Sankar, S.M., Singh, S.P. and millet. Range Mgnt. and Pathy, T.L. 2018. Pearl millet Agroforestry, 27:55-57. Genetic Variability for Grain Yield Panse VG, Sukathme PV. 1967. Statistical and Micronutrients in the Arid Zone Method for Agricultural Workers. of India. Journal of Pharmacognosy ICAR, New Delhi., 381. and Phytochemistry, 7 (1): 875-878. Shukla, A.K. Tiwari , P.K. and Prakash, C. Anuradha, N., Tara Satyavathi, C., 2014. Micronutrients Deficiencies Bharadwaj, C., Jayant Bhat and T vis -a-vis Food and Nutritional Lakshmi Pathy. 2018. Correlation Security of India. Indian J. Fert. 10 studies on quality and other (12): 94112. economic traits in pearl millet. 6(5): 2041-2043.
