Ordenfuncions where form

LOE differential
Equation
inean
i.e Operota0: §(*) + Linen
Unit-2:
ereotial Pa An
the 1ere called y Of
=
Eg:dy
by
general
Solution Over
equ' Orden
diffenentol
operotil Q(r)
LOE
theof the
deined
erators means Continous +
(Compiementany of where
Differenial
with 5x
Orde
dSnterval
form y
denivative funchon) thefor constont Pe ordenof
funchon
P,P an
(*)
1y EquotiOns
and dn-2
dr3 dr d dn tervalin drh2 y(constant
wi Coeficients -
above n
is Pantcalan
htegral Aoedde
Po
constant dy of
drn denoted by
D. equ Qre are
equoton An
Oven
Sin Coefkci
ents)
digher
Orden
Solutio) +Pd cailed
givenCo
is Conbnous
coerfents. Qn
constants y
denoted by drn 2 n-2
theOf
 D" espechvely
then
d u) Dy,
dx

o'y D9)
dr'

becomeS

+ P,o-2, + Pa)y ()

fc0 y =
where fc0)
equations of
differen tial
Soluttons of Unea
omo geneous
Orden witth constont coe Mci ents i

Autitany equation of fcD) y = 0 ?

Conside the Differential quaton

+Po)y
(o + +Bm-
> m"4 P m
equ fCm) =0
The algebraic
caled the
constants
are rOal
where P,P,
equation of fCD)y -0
Quilary algebraic
f( m) e 0
the Quxila3 the followng
9oots.
will have
it
of degree n,

C0ses moy vOots.

distinet
bave 9eal
may roots.
equal
have
may
roots.
have real compler
fcm) =0 may
 COrmplemortory funclon (c)
Roots of A£ fem) O

m,T
() m, mi, m3 -.- Mn toots Qre Ge

Yeal y distinct
m,, m2, ma S7oots are |G+9T4C,r)e
(Cyeu) 4(Cse"s.. Che
equal 4 Mu, mg--.- mn ane
distinct
+sinba
(3) DF oots are compler e cosbr
a tib

hoots aJe Snds br+sinlb )

e Gcos
-e

roots Cos bx + C3+Cy )

A pain of complex Sin 3)
(atib)
Hepeoted twice

Problems :
Solve d'y -ay = 0, where ato.
dx 2

Sol: Giiyen equ

is dy -ay =o
dx2

() in operatðl fom is (oy - a'y) 0

) (0-a) 9 -0
where
is fm)
The auzlay equ
-) (m - a) (m +a) -o m -Q, +a.
 as 90ot s m= -a, t a are real y distinct, the G-S is

m, m

-a
y= c e

2. Solve dy
dt2 dt
Sol: G dy + 9y 0
Gùven D.E is d'y dt
dt2
=o dt
operatai form : D'y + 6Dy t 9y

fco) = D+ 60 +9
here Qurilay qu fcm) = 0

mt Gm +9 =0

m4 3m + 3m +9 =0

mt3) -0
m mt3) +3 (

m= -3, -3

910ots Qre 1eal equal

ere

of the form
gS is
-3t
y= (C+ G )e
 Solve (D+0 uo) 9-0
Sol: Given y(D D'+ uD)-0
operat form fCo) y o

bere Qurilany equ fcm) 0

n( m+ m+)-o
mm
m

m=0 m t mt y =0

m= -|+ivis --i/is -b+,/b-yac

2 2

of the form
is 2

m,
e
cas br t 3sin
y= Ce

cos 2
e 2
Ge
2
2

(o) =0, 'co) 2

+ I3 =0
Sotve
dt2 dt

dx + 13 =0
Sot: Given dt
dt2

(0T- y0x +I3a)-0 de

operator form :
(o- yD +13) 0

m-ym +i3 0
-fm) 0
GHere Quxitay egu
 O=l, b -u) C= 13
Y+ 16-52

m, 2 +3i, - 2-3

2
GS

G cosbt + , Sinbt)
at
e 2

2 +3i
2t
e |4 Cos gt + C sin 3tJ
given co) =0 a'(o) =2
at in 2)
t=0 Put these
values

'=2 at t-o

2c0)
e

cos 3t + C) Sin3 t

e - 3 Sinat + 39 cosst

2eGcoso + C,Sino +e-3gSino

t 3 caso
2 =

2 = 3 C2
2 =

from
Sin2)
cos 3t t 2
22
[sina.
 Solve dy +16 y

is
Sot Given dry dr 2

’ operator form : D'y + 80'y + l6y 0

(D +eo+l6)y =0

here feo) = D+8p+ 16

fcm) =0
Auzitany equ = 0
p+"8p +l6
Put m²= P
-0
P+yp + 4p +6
(P+)*=o
P=
-)

-2i, 2i, 2
m =-2i,
(C3+ Cyx) sinbr)
+
)asbr
e

COS 2T + (3+ Cy ) Sin

(27)
e

Cy r) sin 2n).
(3 +
Gr) coS2x +
y=
 of whero
Methods to Aod the PonbculaN ntegral

is a function of

=e
-

Method -î :- When niaon

real numben then
where
ar when fa) +o
fco)y e is
integral (P.) a fa)
k times
when nepeated
and Va) #0

Problems i
Solve (o 5D +6)Y
(o-s0 +6)Y
Sot: Giiven equ
= e
fo) = D-5D +6
Solution
Anding complementary
fcm) 0
Auzilony equation m2m -3m +Go
m
m-2)=o
m[m-2) -3 (
m= 2, 3.

20
3r

Ce

ponicalan soluhonlyo):
Case -2:- finding
e fcu) o
e
2
D-5D +6 Cy)- ( ) t6

of is y=
G.S
20 3
C,e
2.
 fca) = 0 factor fo) is epeated ,

then where pa) o

fo
d(a)
2. then
funchon iie
Constant

1e wite find the portiul an

e [ie a-o
integra
3.

ax
then wite -01
Sinhax coshax
2
2

ProblemA i
2. 2r
Solve (D°- 10 +6)Y 27

Sol? Given equation is (D 1D +6) y e

27

fcD) 0-1D +6 QC)= e

Case I:- tnding COmple mentany solufion i

Autilony quation () fcm)

= 0

m'-1m + 6 = o
)
D
m I, 2, -3
22 -3
+ C3e
Cie
:
particulan inteqral
COse 2:
finding e 2r

e 2

20 (o-2)(o'+2D-3)
p²10 +6
fcD)
 D?+2D-3
here considen
27
) 2
Xe2X

o+20-3 (2) +2(2)-3

-34
y= (e
Ie

3.
SOlve y'- y'- 2y - 3e
Sol: Given 3e
is dy dy -2y
dx
27
3e
fcoy =
(p-0-2)9
fco) = D- D-2 y = 3e
2

Case i3- tinding

Quzilay complemento rg soution:

Auxilary equation fcm) =0

m-m -2 = 0
(m-2) (m t ) =o m= 2, -1
21
Ce

Ca se 2- finding panicalan solution (yp):

20 20
3e 3e2r
D-D-2 (o-2)(0+)
Considen o(a) o
2r
3. T. e 3.T

2X
Ge2r
y=
 (e+)
6olve (o)y
(D-) y - (e')*
Sol: Giiven
(e')"
2
42e

complementany Solubon y):

Case Anding
: fm) = 0
Auxilary equation +) =0
(m-) m+m
m- =0
mmt o
m= |

m = 2
22

V3
cOs V3 x + 3 sin
2
Ce
Yp:
2:- Anding
ponbulan integral
Case

2 2e
e
2 2e +

f0) (o-)

20 2
e
o3-)

2 2.
e

(o-) (o+0+) (o-)

(2)-1
21
2. e
3
+2e

Ce
 (p'-5D +6) y = ye + 5.
5. Solve

Os
DE y (o- sD+ 6) y= ye+ 5
Sol: Given
) fco): 0-5D+6 9(*) = ye+ s

complemen tary solution

Case i:- fndin9
fem) = 0
uzilary equotion
2, 3
m- 5m +6 s 0
3
+ C2 e
9c
pantiaulan integral soution yp:
Case 2 fioding
ue'+
D- 50 +6
fco)
O
Ger 5e
+
D-50+6
D-5D+6

Se
+
o-5(0) +6
C)5) +6

4e +
2
 7e~2r
3x
Solve 6e
dx2 dx
-21
Sol: 34
- tn (2)
Given Df: d'y e dy + 94

31 -20
- In(2)
Ge
fo) D'- 60 +9 4
Qse -I- finding Complementary solution (y)i

Auiary equaton ftm) =0

m= 3, 3
mGm +9 =0
’ (m-3)-0
31

Case 2 :
finding partatan integra! soluton (9p):
37 -21 31 -21
Ge - Incz)
Inc2) Ge + Te

fco) D²-60 +9

3 -21
e
Inc2) e

p- 60+9 D-60+9 o-6D+9

3r -20
1e
Inc). e

(0-3) -2)- G(-2)+9 o-b(o)+9

-2X
2 37 In(2)
+
25
2!
-21
31 Inc)
1.e
37 25
-27
33 + 1 e
C27)e 3Y +
25
y =
 Sove (D+4)9

Güven DE (p+ ) Y = Sin hcz)+1

Sol:
Sinbczx) +7

Solution
Case - : finding complementary
m+y =0
Auxilary equation fem) =0

e° |G cos 2* + Sin 2x
Sin 2*.
G COS 22 +

Solution (yp):
particulan integral
Case -2 fnding
Sinb )+ Sinht2r)
Sp = D+4
fc0)
7e
Sin hC2x)
D+4

2 +
-e
+
+
,2 r 2
e
D4
2 -2X
e +

(e-e-2*)

+ (e?* - e
y = GcOS 27 + c, Sin 2 l6
 Method-i;- When Q- Sin bx 3 cos bx :

cbx uthere b is real numbe1, then

= Sinbx
of fcDD'y = Sin bx cobr
(P.î) 9p
Pantulan integral
Cos bx Sinbx
sin bx
p(-6)
fcD)
cosbx.

(-b o.
if y ony

Problemy f+
Sin 2 .
Solve
dy dy - 2y =
Sin2T.
is dy dy - 2y
Sol: Given dx
dr2
Sin 2 .

fco)= D 0-2

Case
mm -2 =0
fCm) =0
A¬
-2 =0
-2m + m
m= 2, -1
(m +) =0
(m-2)
20
Ce

Case -2 fnding
Sin 2x sin 2x Sin2X
Sin 2x
D+6
-(2)-0-2 -6- D
D-0-2
- (D-6) Sin 2x - (O-6) sinr

o-36
 0-6 Sin 2

oOCSin2x) - G

2 Cos2.
Gsin*
Cos 2% - 3 sin2X
20

sin
+ Cz e
2%
+ äCos2T - 3

Solve (D-)y = 2C0s.

Sol: Güven as

2 Cosx
(o-)y =
2Cos.
fco) = D'-!
2 +cos21)
2

Case-1- fnding Yc :
AÊ fcm) =0
Aucilory equ
m²-| =0

finding Yp:
Case 2: Cos 2 T
|+ COS 21
D-!
fcD)
C0S 20X
-e
-(2)- -I
-Cos2x
t C2 Sin
y= GcoS x
 Sin31 cOS2 x
3. Solve (p uD +3) Y =
D.E is (D'- uD+3) Y Sin3%. cos2
Sol: Given
Sin3I.
fco) = D'- sD +3
27]
2 (Sin3. cos
+Sin(5r) + Sinz]

Case- i : fnding yc
equation A£ : fcm) =0
Auilary (m-)(m-3) =0
m - ym+3 =0

m=l, 3

e.
C|e

Case -2: finding yp i

x
|Sin 5x t Siìn
D-yD +3
Sin
Sin S
oyD+3J
D-y0+3
Sin
Sin 5
2-YD
- -yD-22
take 2 com mon
Sin both achons
in
20 +II D-

c (2D+) sinx
-(20-1) sin 5x
(20-)(20+1) (20+)(20-)]
 (20-) sin 5x (2D+)sìnx
sinz

(20-) sin 5* +
(20+) sinz
- 22|

+ Sinx
20sin 5 - Sin 5 20 sinx

221

221

IO cos S r - sin 5 2C0s t Sin x

+
221

y= +C e 2 C0s+sinr
+
S
22I

Sove
(D+3D +2)Y e + cos

Sol: Given DE is (D+ 3D+2)3 = e + cosA

D+3D +2

Case -3 Auxilay equation fcm) =0

m'+3nm +2 = o

(m+ 2) Cm +)=0 m = -I, -2

-21
Ce

Case -2: 9p =
p+3 D+2
 4
yp
D+3D42 D'+30+2

Cosx
D'eplared by
(D+) (0+2 3D +1 -be -t*3)
30 +1

(20-1) cosI
-| +2
(30-)(3041)

+ (3D -) coSI

Te (30-1) cos I
-I0

Le cos*
--3sinx -Cosx}

3sint + cos x)

y= qe
-2
Te
-
(3sinx
sin (21 +)
(p+)y
(D+)y= Sin (2x t )
Solve

Given fco) y
9 ( )= Sin (2T +)

m3+ 0
Auzilory equ : f(m) z0
Case -I
m+) (m-m ) o

2
 3 Siìn
9 -Ge + e

ase-2: finding
Yp Sin (2T +) Sin (2T+)
fo) D+!
Sin (2T +)
(0+)(0-0+)
Sin (2T +1) - o replaced
(D+)(-D-3) by -b, b2

-Sin(2T+)
0+y +3
- Sin (2X+1)
-22+4D+3

Sin (2T +)

(y0+) sinc2+)
(40+1) (y0-1)
(yD+) sin (2x +)

-M0+) sin2* +)
-65
ycos (2x+) (2) + sin (2x+)|
 +))
8Co S(2x+1)+ Sin (2X

9e-r Cos 2
y= + e 2

8cOS (2T+1) t
sin(2x+