MODULARIZATION TECHNIQUES

SR KRISHNA
WHAT IS MODULARIZATION ?

 Dividing large size program into small modules. MACROS: Mostly used in HR-ABAP Programming

 ADV: SYNTAX: DEFINE < MACRO NAME >.

1. Improves program Readability. < STATEMENT BLOCK >.

END OF DEFINITION.
2. Increases program Reusability.

3. Avoids code Redundancy.

MODULARIZATION TECHNIQES ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

1. SOURCE CODE MODULES 2. PROCEDURES

•MACROS •SUBROUTINES
•INCLUDES •FUNCTION MODULES
•METHODS
INCLUDES

 INCLUDE is a collection of statements which perform unique operation.

 Belongs to program type ‘ i ’.

 Not self executable.

 Used in Executable programs.

 SYNTAX: INCLUDE < INCLUDE PRG NAME >.

EXAMPLE ON INCLUDE
SUBROUTINES

 1. SUBROUTINE is a collection of statements which perform unique operation.

 2. Belongs to program type ‘ S ’.

 3. Not self executable.

 4. Used in executable programs. Differences between includes & subroutines

INCLUDES SUBROUTINES
 SUBROUTINES are defined by FORM…ENDFORM statement.
PROGRAM TYPE i PROGRAM TYPE S
 SYNTAX:

PARAMETER INTERFACE NOT POSSIBLE POSSIBLE

FORM < SUBROUTINE NAME >.

< STATEMENT BLOCK >.

ENDFORM.

 SUBROUTINES are called by PERFORM statement.

 SYNTAX:

PERFORM < SUBROUTINE NAME >.

 PARAMETER INTERFACE

 What we declared in SE38 EXECUTABLE PROGRAM are called as ACTUAL PARAMETERS.

 What we calling from SE38 SUBROUTINE PROGRAM are called as FORMAL PARAMETERS.

 Data is always passed from ACTUAL to FORMAL parameters .

 The connection between ACTUAL to FORMAL is called as parameter interface.

 Data transfer techniques are :

1. PASS BY REFERENCE 2. PASS BY VALUE

SAME DIFFERENT
A F A F

N1 N2 N1 N2

ADD MEM ADD MEM

PASS BY REFERENCE & PASS BY VALUE
CALCULATING EMPLOYEE SALARY USING SUBROUTINES
DEFINE LOCAL VARIABLES WITH IN THE PROGRAM USING ---------------LOCAL , DATA , STATICS KEYWORDS
FUNCTION MODULE

 Function Module is an independent program which perform unique operation .

 Every Function Module belongs to one Function group.

 Mainly used for Global Modularization.

 All Function Modules are stored in TFDIR Transparent Table.

 UNIQUE OPERATION OF FUNCTION MODULE:

1. IMPORT – Values from calling program

2. Perform the operation

3. EXPORT – Values to calling program

SUBROUTINES
Difference between Subroutine and FUNCTION
Function MODULES
Module
 SE37 is the TCODE for Function Builder.
Used for Local Modularization Global Modularization  Using Function Builder Function Groups & Function Modules are created.

No Handles Exceptions

Called by PERFORM statement CALL FUNCTION

FUNCTION GROUP & FUNCTION MODULE CREATION

CLICK ON CONTINUE
SE80
SE37

SE37
CLICK ON CONTINUE
WORKING WITH FUNCTION MODULE --- SE37
WORKING WITH FUNCTION MODULE --- SE38
How Function module works ---- Simple ALV Report
ALV Report
FUNCTION MODULE
LOCK OBJECT --- SE11

 It is used to restrict simultaneous access of table record by several users at a time.

I.e. One user editing particular table entry at that time that entry must be locked, so that other users can’t perform other operation.

 SAP supports Row level or Record level locks.

USER2 USER3
USER1 INSERT DELETE
UPDATE

KUNNR LAND1

100 US

200 IN

DATABASE TABLE
MESSAGES --- SE91

 To know the operation result, while working with sap screens.

 Created under Message Class.

 We can create 1000 messages per class.

 All Messages are stored in T100 Table.

 Types of Messages:

 I - Information message SE91 SE91

 S - Status Message

 E - Error Message

 W - Warning Message

 A - Abort Message SE38

 X - Termination Message

 SYNTAX:

MESSAGE < MESSAGE TYPE >< MESSAGE NO >( MESSAGE CLASS ) WITH < F1 > < F2 > …….. < Fn >
SAP MEMORY & ABAP MEMORY

 ABAP MEMORY:
 SAP MEMORY:
 Data sending between internal sessions using EXPORT, IMPORT parameters.
 Data sending between main sessions using GET, SET parameters.
 Memory is Local.
 Memory is Global..

SAP MEMORY
SESSION1 SESSION2

SESSION1 SESSION2 IMPORT

SAP MEMORY
A
A
B
B
A
GET A
SET P
P
M
M INTERNAL SESSION E
E
M
M
O
O
R
R
Y
Y EXPORT
SYNTAX:

 SET PARAMETER ID < PID > FIELD < FIELD NAME >.
 SYNTAX:

 GET PARAMETER ID < PID > FIELD < FIELD NAME >.
 EXPORT < DATA OBJECT > FROM < GLOBAL STRUCTURE > TO MEMORY ID < PID > .

 IMPORT < DATA OBJECT > TO < GLOBAL STRUCTURE > FROM MEMORY ID < PID > .
PROGRAM ON ABAP MEMORY & SAP MEMORY
INTER PROGRAM COMMUNICATION

 This topic deals with program to program communication.

SELECTION SCREEN

 SCREEN between program and list screen.

 Interface between user and program.

 Accept values from user and display result.

 3 KEYWORDS generate selection screen.

1. PARAMETERS

2. SELECT-OPTIONS

3. SELECTION-SCREEN

 SYNTAX:

1. PARAMETERS < FIELD NAME > TYPE < DATA TYPE >.

2. SELECT-OPTIONS < FIELD > FOR < DATA BASE TABLE FIELD >.

3. SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK < BLOCK NAME > WITH FRAME TITLE < TIT >.

< DECLARE ELEMENTS USING PARAMETERS OR SELECT-OPTIONS >.

SELECTION-SCREEN: END OF BLOCK < BLOCK NAME >.

PARAMETERS
SELECT-OPTIONS
SELECTION-SCREEN
OPEN SQL STATEMENTS
DISTINCT ADDITION
OPEN SQL COMMANDS
 AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS IN SQL

 COUNT( FIELD NAME ) : It returns the field COUNT

 SUM( FIELD NAME ) : It returns SUM of field value

 AVG(FIELD NAME ) : It returns AVG field value

 MAX( FIELD NAME ) : It returns MAX field value

 MIN( FIELD NAME ) : It returns MIN field value

OPEN SQL COMMANDS
Using a Cursor to Read Data
TABLE JOINS

INNER JOIN

LEFT-OUTER JOIN ( FOR ALL ENTRIES )

KNA1 KNB1
INNER JOIN LEFT-OUTER JOIN
THANK YOU