Lecture 01

Dr. Anup Saha

Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Office Room: ME # 420
Email: [email protected]
 Course Syllabus
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 Thermodynamics: Basics, Properties, 1st and 2nd Law & Entropy
 Steam generating units with accessories and mountings; Vapor Power Cycles; Steam
Turbines; Condensers
 Introduction to sources of energy:
Fossil Fuel, Solar, Hydroelectric, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass & Nuclear
 Internal combustion engines: Introduction to internal combustion engines and their cycles;
gas turbines.
 Refrigeration and air conditioning: applications; refrigerants, different refrigeration
methods.
 Fluid Machinery: Fluid flow, measurements of flow, friction in flow, centrifugal pumps,
fans, blowers and compressor.
 Fundamental of conduction, convection and radiation: one dimensional steady state
conduction in plated pipes; critical thickness of insulation
ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024
 Motivation
3
Electric
Motor
Water Pump

Impeller

PCB Heat-Sink

Thermal Analysis of
PCB

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Course Information
4

Text:
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach -Yunus A. Cengel and Michael A. Boles

References:
1. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics – Michael J Moran, Howard Shapiro
2. Thermodynamics – Kenneth Wark & Donald Richards

Contact:
Office: ME # 420
Cell: 01911-093667 Email: [email protected]

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Lecture Plan
5
Lecture Topics Lecture Topics
Thermodynamics:
Lecture 1 Lecture 5-7 Vapor power Cycle
Basics
Thermodynamic Boiler/Steam
Lecture 2 Lecture 8-9
Properties Generator
Thermodynamics:
Lecture 3 Lecture 10 Condenser
First Law
Second Law and
Lecture 4 Lecture 11 Steam Turbines
Entropy

Class Test - 01 Class Test - 02

Introduction to
Lecture 12-13
Sources of Energy

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Definition: Thermodynamics

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• The word thermodynamics comes from the Greek words θερμη (therme, meaning “heat”) and δυναμις
(dynamis, meaning “power”).
• Thermodynamics is the study of the various processes that change energy from one form into
another (such as converting heat into work) and uses variables such as temperature, volume, and
pressure

Torque or Speed Thrust kW or MW Cooling capacity

(km/h) (Ton)
ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024
 Definition: System, Boundary and Surrounding

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 A thermodynamic system is simply any object, quantity of matter, or region of space
that has been selected for study.
 Everything that is not part of the system is referred to as the surroundings

 Boundary or control surface separates the system from its surroundings which
 may be real or imaginary, at rest or in motion
 may change its shape and size
 neither contains any mass nor occupies volume
 has zero thickness and a property value at a point on the boundary is shared by
both the system and the surroundings.

System  1) Closed (Control Mass); 2) Open (Control Volume); 3) Isolated

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Closed System: Control Mass
 A closed system (also known as a control mass) consists of a fixed amount of mass.
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 No mass can cross its boundary, but energy, in the form of heat or work, can cross the boundary.
 The volume of a closed system does not have to be fixed.
 If, as a special case, even energy is not allowed to cross the boundary, that system is called an
isolated system.
Piston

Cylinder

Water Flask
Hot Water Bag 9/9/2024
 Open system: Control Volume
 An9 open system, or a control volume, as it is often called, is a properly selected region in space.
 Both mass and energy can cross the boundary of a control volume.
 A large number of engineering problems involve mass flow in and out of a system and, therefore, are
modeled as control volumes
 It usually encloses a device that involves mass flow such as a compressor, turbine, or nozzle
A control volume Engine Cylinder
with fixed and
moving boundary

A control volume
(fixed boundary)
with one inlet and one exit.

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Example: Aircraft Engine

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Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Example: Aircraft Engine

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Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Engineering Devices
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Bernoulli’s principle

(Fluid)

(Fluid)

Transfer heat through a

separating wall.

Depending on whether it’s being heated or cooled by the utility stream

Nozzle

The focus is on transporting fluid without major changes in properties

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

Utility Stream refers to a flow of fluid, usually from a separate source, that is used in industrial processes to provide heating or cooling
 Practical Example: Thermal Power Plant

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Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Example: Thermal Power Plant

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Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Example: Thermal Power Plant

15 high pressure - high energy steam

low pressure - low energy steam

(Exhaust steam)

Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Example: Nozzle

16BOEING 787 DREAMLINER

Simplified
Thermodynamic Model

F-16 FIGHTER JET

Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Practical Example: Heat Exchanger

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Nozzle

ME 267: Introduction & Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

18

ME 267: Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024

 Lecture Summary

19 We have learned the following things:

 Basic Definition: System, boundary and surrounding
 Properties of Boundary
 Different systems: Closed, Open and Isolated
 Engineering Devices

Reading Materials

Yunus A. Cengel: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.11

ME 267: Thermodynamics Basics 9/9/2024