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The document provides an overview of hydraulic system components, specifically focusing on control valves, including their functions and classifications. It details various types of directional control valves, such as poppet and spool valves, and explains their operational mechanisms. Additionally, it discusses flow control valves, including non-pressure compensated and pressure compensated types, emphasizing their role in regulating fluid flow and pressure.

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7 views44 pages

PDF Document

The document provides an overview of hydraulic system components, specifically focusing on control valves, including their functions and classifications. It details various types of directional control valves, such as poppet and spool valves, and explains their operational mechanisms. Additionally, it discusses flow control valves, including non-pressure compensated and pressure compensated types, emphasizing their role in regulating fluid flow and pressure.

Uploaded by

jtfc6xqsts
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter -2

Components of Hydraulic
System – Control Valves
6th Semester – Mechanical Engineering
Industrial Fluid Power
XIPT
Valve
A Valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of fluid ( liquids or
gases) by opening, closing or partially obstructing various passage ways.
Functions:
Stopping and starting of flow

Reduce or increase of flow.

Controlling direction of flow.

Regulating a flow pressure.


Directional control valves
Directional control valves (DCVs) are one of the most fundamental parts of
hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

DCVs allow fluid flow (hydraulic oil, water or air) into different paths from one or
more sources.

DCVs will usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder which is mechanically or


electrically actuated. The position of the spool restricts or permits flow, thus it
controls the fluid flow.
Directional control valves
Functions:

stop fluid flow

allow fluid flow, and


change direction of fluid flow.
Classification:
Directional control valves can be classified according to-

number of ports

number of positions

actuating methods

type of spool.
Poppet Valve
Poppet Valve
Poppet valves are directional control valves that are fitted into housing bores
with a threaded connection.

In a poppet valve, simple discs, cones or balls are used in conjunction with
simple valve seats to control flow.

It is also called Mushroom valve.

Poppet valves are used in most piston engines to open and close the intake and
exhaust ports of in the cylinder head.
Poppet Valve
Poppet Valve
Poppet Valve
Poppet Valve Ball Type
Poppet Valve Disc Type
SPOOL VALVE
SPOOL VALVE
A hydraulic spool valve is a switching device used to control the hydraulic devices.

A spool valve can turn the flow of hydraulic fluid from pump to an actuator on
and off by blocking of the route the fluid takes.

Spool valves have two elements: a cylindrical barrel in which slides a plunger.
Port blocking is provided by lands or full diameter sections on the spool,
separated by waisted sections which provide port interconnections through the
barrel. This provides multi-way and multi-position switching.
SPOOL VALVE
SPOOL VALVE
SPOOL VALVE
2/2 SPOOL VALVE

The simplest directional control valve is the 2-way valve. A 2-way valve stops flow
or allows flow.

A 2-way directional valve has two ports normally called inlet and outlet. When the
inlet is blocked in the at-rest condition it is referred to as "normally closed" (NC).
2/2 SPOOL VALVE
2/2 SPOOL VALVE
2/2 SPOOL VALVE
2/2 SPOOL VALVE
3/2 SPOOL VALVE
A 3/2 valve has 3 ports or opening 1( Pump), 2(Actuator) and 3( Reservoir or
Tank).

In one extreme position of spool, the pump port P (1) is blocked and
actuator port (2) is connected to the Tank port (3). They allow the outlet to
flow back to the tank when the pump P is blocked.
In another position of spool, the pressure fluid flows from port P to
actuator port A remaining the tank port T closed.
3/2 SPOOL VALVE
3/2 SPOOL VALVE
3/2 SPOOL VALVE
3/2 SPOOL VALVE
4/2 DCV

4/2 valve has four connections to it and two valve positions.

4/2 valve has only 1 exhaust port, 1 inlet port and 2 working ports.

As the 4/2 valve has only 1 exhaust port, that means the oil from both the
working ports inside the valve has to be directed to the same exhaust port (goes
to reservoir only).
4/2 DCV

Symbol Contents
Working Ports – A & B
Pressure (PUMP) Port – P
Return (TANK or
RESERVOIR) port – T or R
4/2 DCV
4/2 DCV
4/3 DCV
4/3 DCV Symbol
4/3 DCV
4/3 DCV
5/2 DCV
They have 2 output ports, commonly designated A & B or 2
& 4. They have one inlet port, designated P or 1, and two
exhaust ports, designated R & S or 3 & 5.
Flow Control Valve (FCV)
Flow Control Valve (FCV)

A flow control valve regulates the flow or pressure of a fluid.

In hydraulic systems, they’re used to control the flow rate to


motors and cylinders, thereby regulating the speed of those
components.

FCV maintain a preset flow rate and/or limit the maximum flow rate
regardless of changing upstream and downstream pressures.
Flow Control Valve (FCV)
Flow Control Valve (FCV) Types

Non pressure compensated flow control valves will be usually used where
system pressure is relatively constant.

Non pressure compensated flow control valve is the simplest form of flow control
valve.

Such valve will have one adjustment screw with needle type of end. Flow rate
of hydraulic oil will be changed by changing the orifice opening and Orifice
opening will be changed by turning the adjustment screw.
Non pressure compensated FCV
Pressure compensated FCV
Pressure-compensated flow control valves are designed to provide a constant volume
flow rate independent of the pressure drop across the valve.

Pressure-compensated flow control valves can compensate for pressure fluctuations on


either the supply side (inlet) or the load side (outlet) of the valve.
A pressure-compensated flow control valve typically consists of a variable orifice and a
pressure compensator within a single valve body.

The pressure compensator automatically adjusts the size of the orifice between the inlet
flow and compensator spool, modulating the flow of fluid that enters the valve to
maintain a constant pressure drop across the variable orifice, providing a constant flow
rate through the valve.
Pressure compensated FCV
Pressure compensated FCV

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