Multiplexer

A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that has 2n input lines and a single output line. Simply, the
multiplexer is a multi-input and single-output combinational circuit. The binary information is
received from the input lines and directed to the output line. On the basis of the values of the
selection lines, one of these data inputs will be connected to the output.

Unlike encoder and decoder, there are n selection lines and 2n input lines. So, there is a total of
2N possible combinations of inputs. A multiplexer is also treated as Mux.

There are various types of the multiplexer which are as follows:

2×1 Multiplexer:

In 2×1 multiplexer, there are only two inputs, i.e., A0 and A1, 1 selection line, i.e., S0 and single
outputs, i.e., Y. On the basis of the combination of inputs which are present at the selection line S 0,
one of these 2 inputs will be connected to the output. The block diagram and the truth table of the
2×1 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=S0'.A0+S0.A1

Logical circuit of the above expression is given below:

4×1 Multiplexer:

In the 4×1 multiplexer, there is a total of four inputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, and A3, 2 selection lines, i.e.,
S0 and S1 and single output, i.e., Y. On the basis of the combination of inputs that are present at the
selection lines S0 and S1, one of these 4 inputs are connected to the output. The block diagram and
the truth table of the 4×1 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=S1' S0' A0+S1' S0 A1+S1 S0' A2+S1 S0 A3

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Logical circuit of the above expression is given below:

8 to 1 Multiplexer

In the 8 to 1 multiplexer, there are total eight inputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, and A7, 3 selection
lines, i.e., S0, S1and S2 and single output, i.e., Y. On the basis of the combination of inputs that are
present at the selection lines S0, S1, and S2, one of these 8 inputs are connected to the output. The
block diagram and the truth table of the 8×1 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:
Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=S0'.S1'.S2'.A0+S0.S1'.S2'.A1+S0'.S1.S2'.A2+S0.S1.S2'.A3+S0'.S1'.S2 A4+S0.S1'.S2 A5+S0'.S1.S2 .A6+S0.S1.S3.A7

Logical circuit of the above expression is given below:

8 ×1 multiplexer using 4×1 and 2×1 multiplexer

We can implement the 8×1 multiplexer using a lower order multiplexer. To implement the 8×1
multiplexer, we need two 4×1 multiplexers and one 2×1 multiplexer. The 4×1 multiplexer has 2
selection lines, 4 inputs, and 1 output. The 2×1 multiplexer has only 1 selection line.

For getting 8 data inputs, we need two 4×1 multiplexers. The 4×1 multiplexer produces one output.
So, in order to get the final output, we need a 2×1 multiplexer. The block diagram of 8×1 multiplexer
using 4×1 and 2×1 multiplexer is given below.

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16 to 1 Multiplexer

In the 16 to 1 multiplexer, there are total of 16 inputs, i.e., A0, A1, …, A16, 4 selection lines, i.e., S0, S1,
S2, and S3 and single output, i.e., Y. On the basis of the combination of inputs that are present at the
selection lines S0, S1, and S2, one of these 16 inputs will be connected to the output. The block
diagram and the truth table of the 16×1

Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=A0.S0'.S1'.S2'.S3'+A1.S0'.S1'.S2 '.S3+A2.S0'.S1'.S2.S3'+A3.S0'.S1 '.S2.S3+A4.S0'.S1.S2'.S3'+A5.S0 '.S1.S2'.S3+A6.S1.S2.

S3'+A7.S0 '.S1.S2.S3+A8.S0.S1'.S2'.S3'+A9 .S0.S1'.S2'.S3+Y10.S0.S1'.S2.S3 '+A11.S0.S1'.S2.S3+A12
S0.S1.S2 '.S3'+A13.S0.S1.S2'.S3+A14.S0.S1 .S2.S3'+A15.S0.S1.S2'.S3

What is Demultiplexer(DEMUX)?

DEMUX or De-Multiplexer is a data distributor combinational circuit. It works in a reverse way of the
Multiplexer. The DEMUX has 1 input port and 2^n output lines. Here n signifies the selection line for
a DEMUX. As per the selection line value, the DEMUX input lines will be connected to receive the
output. Demultiplexer receives digital information from a single source and converts it into several
sources.

What is a DEMUX?

The DEMUX is a digital information processor. It takes input from one source and also converts the
data to transmit towards various sources. The demultiplexer has one data input line. The
demultiplexer has several control lines (also known as select lines). These lines determine to which
output the input data should be sent. The number of control lines determines the number of output
lines.

Let us discuss the DEMUX with the attached information.

General Block Diagram Of A DEMUX

Here is the basic block diagram of a DEMUX as mentioned below.

DEMUX

Truth Table Of A 1X4 DEMUX

A 1x4 DEMUX has only one input which is denoted as I. There are two selection lines i.e. S1 and S0.
At last, the DEMUX has output lines including Y3, Y2, Y1 &Y0. Here is the 1x4 DEMUX with diagram as
mentioned below.

1:4 DEMUX

Now let us discuss the truth table of the 1x4 DEMUX as mentioned below.

Selection
Inputs Outputs

S1 S0 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

0 0 0 0 0 I
Selection
Inputs Outputs

S1 S0 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

0 1 0 0 I 0

1 0 0 I 0 0

1 1 I 0 0 0

Truth Table Of A 1x8 De-Multiplexer

The 1x8 DEMUX was designed by using two DEMUX. They are the two 1x4 DEMUX and one 1x2
DEMUX. The 1x8 DEMUX contains two input lines with four outputs. Let us see the block diagram of
the 1x8 DEMUX as mentioned below.

1:8 DEMUX

Here is the 1x8 DEMUX truth table as mentioned below.

Selection Inputs Outputs

Y
S2 S1 S0 Y7 6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Advantages of the DEMUX

 The DEMUX increases the efficiency of the particular communication system as it takes data
from a specific input source and distributes it to different sources.

 The DEMUX helps to separate the different signals from the mixed data sources. Then it
distributes these data to different sources.

 DEMUX can decode the signal outputs of the multiplexer, as the system works in a reverse
way of the MUX.

Disadvantages of the DEMUX

 The DEMUX may cause a wastage of bandwidth as it distributes the refined data in different
channels. These channels can overlap with each other which leads to the loss of signal.

 The DEMUX may cause problems in the synchronization of signals. The data channels can
overlap with each other which leads to the delay in the whole process.

Applications of DEMUX
  DEMUXs are majorly used to design the ALU circuits and parallel data segments.

 The DEMUXs convert the output of the MUX into the actual input. On the receiver end, the
DEMUX can be used to verify the original form of the data to carry out the entire
communication process.

 DEMUX helps to save the output. The output generally saved to the ALU. The output will be
saved in the registers and the various storage units of the system.

 Each DEMUX has a connection with multiple registers which helps to store the processed
data into it.

 The counterpart of the DEMUX regulates the data signal at the output stage of the DEMUX
operation. These data can be retrieved later to read out parallelly.

 In the audio or video system, the DEMUX distributes them in different channels. In
broadcasting, the DEMUX separates the composite signal into an individual one.

Conclusion

De-Multiplexer is a data distributor combinational circuit. It works in a reverse way of the

Multiplexer. The DEMUX has 1 input port and 2^n output lines. The DEMUX increases the efficiency
of the particular communication system as it takes data from a specific input source and distributes it
to different sources. But the DEMUX may cause a wastage of bandwidth as it distributes the refined
data in different channels. These channels can overlap with each other which leads to the loss of
signal. DEMUX helps to save the output of the ALU. The output will be saved in the registers and the
various storage units of the system.