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Jacobian Elliptic Function

This document discusses Jacobi elliptic functions, their historical context, and their applications in solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It presents a novel definition of these functions using nonconservative equations, thereby extending their applicability. The paper concludes that Jacobi elliptic functions can also solve various nonconservative equations, confirming that different nonlinear differential equations may share the same explicit solutions.

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4 views12 pages

Jacobian Elliptic Function

This document discusses Jacobi elliptic functions, their historical context, and their applications in solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It presents a novel definition of these functions using nonconservative equations, thereby extending their applicability. The paper concludes that Jacobi elliptic functions can also solve various nonconservative equations, confirming that different nonlinear differential equations may share the same explicit solutions.

Uploaded by

daban abdwlla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Koya university

Faculty of science and health


Department of Mathematics

The jacobian Elliptic Function

Prepared by:
Lavan Abdulla Hussin

Supervised by:
Prof.Dr.mohammad shami hasso

2023-2024
Table of contents

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3
Jacobi Elliptic Functions ................................................................................ 4_5

Using Jacobi elliptic functions for the solution of an ODE ....... 6


Elliptic functions .............................................................................................................. 7_9
Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... 10
References ............................................................................................................................. 11

1
Abstract

Although Jacobi elliptic functions have been known for almost


two centuries, they are still the subject of intensive investigation.
In this paper, contrary to the usual definition, we prove that the
Jacobi elliptic functions can be defined by using
nonconservative equations with limit cycles through existence
theorems involving first integrals. This allows extending their
validity domains, that is, their range of applications.

2
Introduction

The Jacobi elliptic functions have been known for almost two centuries .
However, these functions are still the subject of many investigations.
Recently, the investigated the Jacobi elliptic functions from the theory
of dynamic systems. Elliptic Functions In its first six chapters this text
seeks to present the basic ideas and properties of the Jacobi elliptic
functions as an historical essay, an attempt to answer the fascinating
question: 'what would the treatment of elliptic functions have been like
if Abel had developed the ideas, rather than Jacobi?' Accordingly, it is
based on the idea of inverting integrals which arise in the theory of
differential equations and, in particular, the differential equation that
describes the motion of a simple pendulum. The later chapters present a
more conventional approach to the Weierstrass functions and to elliptic
integrals, and then the reader is introduced to the richly varied
applications of the elliptic and related functions. Applications spanning
arithmetic (solution of the general quintic, the representation of an
integer as a sum of three squares, the functional equation of the Riemann
zeta function), dynamics (orbits, Euler's equations, Green's functions),
and also probability and statistics,are discussed.

3
Jacobi Elliptic Functions
The Jacobi elliptic functions are standard forms of elliptic functions. The
three basic functions are denoted cn(u,k), dn(u,k), and sn(u,k), where k
is known as the elliptic modulus. They arise from the inversion of the
elliptic integral of the first kind

where 0<𝐾 2 <1, k=mod u is the elliptic modulus, and Ø=am(u,k)=am(u)


is the Jacobi amplitude, giving

From this,it follows that

These functions are doubly periodic generalizations of the trigonometric


functions satisfying

4
In terms of Jacobi theta function

And the elliptic modulus is given by

Ratios of Jacobi elliptic functions are denoted by combining the first


letter of the numerator elliptic function with the first of the denominator
elliptic function. The multiplicative inverses of the elliptic functions are
denoted by reversing the order of the two letters. These combinations
give a total of 12 functions: cd, cn, cs, dc, dn, ds, nc, nd, ns, sc, sd, and
sn. These functions are implemented in the Wolfram Language as
JacobiSN[z, m] and so on. Similarly, the inverse Jacobi functions are
implemented as InverseJacobiSN[v, m] and so on.
The Jacobi amplitude Ø is defined in terms of sn(u,k) by

Y=sin Ø = sn (u,k)

5
Using Jacobi elliptic functions for the solution of an ODE
Example :-

This is an autonomous ODE . the method to solve it is :-

6
Elliptic functions
There are several types of elliptic functions including the Weierstrass
elliptic functions as well as related theta functions but the most common
elliptic functions are the Jacobian elliptic functions, based on the
inverses of the three types of elliptic integrals.
1. Jacobi elliptic functions: The three standard forms of Jacobi elliptic
integrals are denoted as sn(u, k), cn(u, k) and dn(u,k) and are the sine,
cosine and delta amplitude elliptic functions, respectively. These
functions are obtained by inverting the elliptic integral of the first kind
where

where 0 < 𝑲𝟐 < 1 and k is referred to as the elliptic modulus of u and Ø ,


the upper bound on the elliptic integral is referred to as the Jacobi
amplitude (amp). The inversion of the elliptic integral gives

7
These functions are doubly periodic generalizations of the trigonometric
functions satisfying

Plot of Jacobian Elliptic Functions sn(u), cn(u) and dn(u) for k = ½

8
In total there are 12 Jacobian elliptic functions, where the remaining
can be related to the 3 we have already seen as follows:

2. Weierstrass elliptic functions: The principal difference between the


Jacobi and the Weierstrass elliptic integrals is in the number of poles in
each fundamental cell. While the Jacobi elliptic functions has two simple
poles per cell and can be considers as a solution to the differential
equation

We will focus primarily on the Jacobi elliptic function in this course but
you should be aware of the Weierstrass form of the function.

9
Conclusions

In this paper, we studied the Jacobi elliptic functions. Although they


have been known for almost two centuries, they are still the subject of
intensive mathematical treatment. Classically, these functions are
solutions of the undamped cubic polynomial Duffing-type equation.
However, the question was to define these functions by other types of
differential equations. Using the first integral approach, we have solved
this problem by showing that the Jacobi elliptic functions can be defined
by nonconservative equations with limit cycles that generalize the
conservative cubic polynomial Duffing-type equation. Thus, the Jacobi
elliptic functions can be a solution of many nonconservative equations.
In this way, we have extended the domain of applications of these
functions to self-sustaining oscillations. Moreover, our results confirm
the assertion that different nonlinear differential equations can have the
same explicit solution.

10
References

[1] H. Hancock Lectures on the theory of elliptic functions


(New York, J. Wiley & sons, 1910)
[2] N. I. Akhiezer, Elements of the Theory of Elliptic Functions
(1970) Moscow, translated into English as AMS Translations of
Mathematical Monographs Volume 79 (1990) AMS, Rhode
Island ISBN 0-8218-4532-2
[3] (in French) C. Briot and J. C. Bouquet Théorie des
fonctions elliptiques ( Paris : Gauthier-Villars, 1875)

[4] J. D. Fenton and R. S. Gardiner-Garden: Rapidly-


convergent methods for evaluating elliptic integrals and theta
and elliptic functions. J. Austral. Math. Soc. (Series B) 24, 1982,
S. 57
[5] A. C. Dixon The elementary properties of the elliptic
functions, with examples (Macmillan, 1894)
[6] B. C. Carlson, Numerical computation of real or complex
elliptic inte-grals. Numerical Algorithms 10 (1995) 27-39.
[7] Sir Harold Jeffreys & Lady Bertha Swiles Jeffreys, Methods
of Mathematical Physics (3rd edition), Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 1956.

11

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