National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Signals and Systems (Autumn 2022)

Department of Mechanical Engineering Quiz 2 (November 09, 2022)

Fourier series representation:

Convolution : x  t  * v  t    x    v  t    d 


 Trigonometric form, Polar form, and Complex Exponential form Fourier Series
 

 x  t   a 0    ak cos  k0t   bk sin  k0t  ,    t  ,

 k 1

 

 x  t   a0   Ak cos  k0t   k ,    t  , Euler formula : e j  cos  j sin 

 k 1
 
1 T
 x  t    ck e ; ck  0 x  t   e
jkt  jkt
dt
 k  T
 1 
The CT Fourier Transform Pair: x  t   X     x  t   e jt dt , x  t   X    e jt d
 2 

DTFT of x[n] is defined by: X      x  n  e
n 
 jn

N 1  2 k 
 j
DFT of xn is defined by: X k   xn  e
n
 N 
, k  0,1,..., N  1
n 0

 Left or Right shift in Time property: x  t  c   X   e jc

1  
 Time scaling property: x  at   X 
a a

1. (20%) Compute the DTFT X() of the signal x[n] shown in the following figure and derive
its magnitude and phase.


DTFT of x[n] is defined by: X      x n   e
n 
 jn
 e j 2  e j  1  e  j   e  j  2

 1  2 j sin   2 j sin 2  1  2 j  sin   sin 2 

Magnitude: X     1  4  sin   sin 2 

2

2  sin   sin 2 
Phase: X     tan 1
1

2. (20%) Find the Fourier Transform of x  t   e u  t  ; b  0 and determine the Fourier

 bt

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National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Signals and Systems (Autumn 2022)
Department of Mechanical Engineering Quiz 2 (November 09, 2022)

d 2 x t 
Transform of v  t  
dt 2

  1 1
X ( j )   e bt u (t )e  jt dt   e  (b  j )t dt   e  (b  j )t 
 0 b  j 0
b  j
n
d
If x  t   X   then x  t    j  X  
n
n
dt
d 2 x t   j 
2
 2
 v t    V    
dt 2 b  j b  j

3. (20%) Prove the property of the Fourier Transform: Convolution in the Time Domain.

If x  t   X   , v  t   V   then x  t  * v t   X   V  .

Proof. By definition of Convolution


x  t  * v  t    x    v  t    d 


 x  t  * v  t      x    v  t    d    e  jt dt
 

 
  
  x       v  t     e  jt dt d  , Define t  t   , dt  dt
 

   

  x       v  t   e  j  t    d t d  , Seperate dt and d 
 

   

  x    e  j d     v  t   e  j t dt   X   V  
 

   

4. (20%) Given a LTI continuous-time system has the frequency response

5
h  t   H   
5  j
Compute the output response to the input x(t)
x  t   2  2cos  50t   / 2 

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National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Signals and Systems (Autumn 2022)
Department of Mechanical Engineering Quiz 2 (November 09, 2022)
x  t   2  2 cos  50t   / 2  ,    t   , 0  0
 2 cos  0t   2 cos  50t   / 2   0  50
5  5  j0 
 H 0   e 
5 j H 0  
H 0     polar form
5  j0 25  0 2

H  50  
5
5  50
2 2
 0.0995 ; H  50    tan 1 50  5   1.47
j  H 0  
Y    H    X    A    H 0   e
y  t   A  H 0   cos 0t    H 0    ,    t   , 0  0

 2  H  0   2  H  50   cos  50t   / 2  H  50   
 2  0.199  cos  50t  0.1 

5. Explain following terms:

(a) (5%) Please explain “interpolation formula” and “aliasing”.
(b) (5%) Decimation-in-time approach to FFT.
 Algorithms that decomposing the discrete time signals sequence into successively
smaller subsequences, are called decimation-in-time (DIT) algorithm,
 The decimation-in-time (DIT) radix-2 FFT recursively partitions a DFT into two
half-length DFTs of the even-indexed and odd-indexed time samples.
(c) (5%) RC time constant
 The time required to charge a capacitor to 63.2% of full charge or to discharge it to
36.8% of its initial voltage is known as the TIME CONSTANT (TC) of the circuit.
(d) (5%) Please explain short-time Fourier Transform and spectrogram.
 The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a Fourier-related transform used to determine the
sinusoidal frequency of local sections of a signal as it changes over time.
 The spectrogram is a collection of short DFTs parameterized by the starting time.

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