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Cubic Spline

The document presents a Python implementation of natural and clamped cubic spline interpolation for the function f(x) = cos(πx). It includes calculations of spline coefficients, derivatives, integrals, and visualizations comparing the two spline methods. The results include the coefficients for each interval, integral values, and derivative evaluations at x = 0.5, along with a plot of the spline interpolations against the true function.

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anisharma1729
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9 views5 pages

Cubic Spline

The document presents a Python implementation of natural and clamped cubic spline interpolation for the function f(x) = cos(πx). It includes calculations of spline coefficients, derivatives, integrals, and visualizations comparing the two spline methods. The results include the coefficients for each interval, integral values, and derivative evaluations at x = 0.5, along with a plot of the spline interpolations against the true function.

Uploaded by

anisharma1729
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 3

Name : Anish Raghuvir Sharma

Enrollment Number : 22123005

Batch : EP2

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.integrate import quad

def f(x):
return np.cos(np.pi * x)

def df(x):
return -np.pi * np.sin(np.pi * x)

def ddf(x):
return -np.pi**2 * np.cos(np.pi * x)

x = np.array([0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0])


y = f(x)

n = len(x) - 1

h = np.diff(x)

def natural_cubic_spline(x, y, h):


A = np.zeros((n + 1, n + 1))
b = np.zeros(n + 1)

A[0, 0] = 1
A[-1, -1] = 1

for i in range(1, n):


A[i, i - 1] = h[i - 1]
A[i, i] = 2 * (h[i - 1] + h[i])
A[i, i + 1] = h[i]
b[i] = 3 * ((y[i + 1] - y[i]) / h[i] - (y[i] - y[i - 1]) / h[i
- 1])
c = np.linalg.solve(A, b)

a = y[:-1]
b = (y[1:] - y[:-1]) / h - h * (2 * c[:-1] + c[1:]) / 3
d = (c[1:] - c[:-1]) / (3 * h)

return a, b, c[:-1], d

def clamped_cubic_spline(x, y, h, df_x0, df_xn):


A = np.zeros((n + 1, n + 1))
b = np.zeros(n + 1)

A[0, 0] = 2 * h[0]
A[0, 1] = h[0]
A[-1, -2] = h[-1]
A[-1, -1] = 2 * h[-1]
b[0] = 3 * ((y[1] - y[0]) / h[0] - df_x0)
b[-1] = 3 * (df_xn - (y[-1] - y[-2]) / h[-1])

for i in range(1, n):


A[i, i - 1] = h[i - 1]
A[i, i] = 2 * (h[i - 1] + h[i])
A[i, i + 1] = h[i]
b[i] = 3 * ((y[i + 1] - y[i]) / h[i] - (y[i] - y[i - 1]) / h[i
- 1])

c = np.linalg.solve(A, b)

a = y[:-1]
b = (y[1:] - y[:-1]) / h - h * (2 * c[:-1] + c[1:]) / 3
d = (c[1:] - c[:-1]) / (3 * h)

return a, b, c[:-1], d

def s_spline(x_val, x, a, b, c, d):


for i in range(n):
if x[i] <= x_val <= x[i + 1]:
dx = x_val - x[i]
spline_val = a[i] + b[i] * dx + c[i] * dx**2 + d[i] *
dx**3
spline_prime = b[i] + 2 * c[i] * dx + 3 * d[i] * dx**2
spline_double_prime = 2 * c[i] + 6 * d[i] * dx
return spline_val, spline_prime, spline_double_prime
return None, None, None

def integrate_spline(a, b, c, d):


integral = 0
for i in range(n):
h_i = h[i]
integral += (a[i] * h_i + b[i] * h_i**2 / 2 + c[i] * h_i**3 /
3 + d[i] * h_i**4 / 4)
return integral

a_natural, b_natural, c_natural, d_natural = natural_cubic_spline(x,


y, h)
a_clamped, b_clamped, c_clamped, d_clamped = clamped_cubic_spline(x,
y, h, 0, 0)

integral_natural = integrate_spline(a_natural, b_natural, c_natural,


d_natural)
integral_clamped = integrate_spline(a_clamped, b_clamped, c_clamped,
d_clamped)

true_integral, _ = quad(f, 0, 1)

_, natural_prime, natural_double_prime = s_spline(0.5, x, a_natural,


b_natural, c_natural, d_natural)
_, clamped_prime, clamped_double_prime = s_spline(0.5, x, a_clamped,
b_clamped, c_clamped, d_clamped)

true_prime = df(0.5)
true_double_prime = ddf(0.5)

print("Natural Cubic Spline Coefficients:")


for i in range(n):
print(f"Interval [{x[i]}, {x[i+1]}]:")
print(f"f(x) = {a_natural[i]}+{b_natural[i]}*x+
{c_natural[i]}*x**2+{d_natural[i]}*x**3")
print()

print("Clamped Cubic Spline Coefficients:")


for i in range(n):
print(f"Interval [{x[i]}, {x[i+1]}]:")
print(f" f(x) = {a_clamped[i]}+({b_clamped[i]})*x +
({c_clamped[i]})*x**2 +({d_clamped[i]})*x**3")
print()

print("Natural Cubic Spline:")


print(f"Integral over [0, 1]: {integral_natural:.6f}, True Integral:
{true_integral:.6f}")
print(f"f'(0.5): {natural_prime:.6f}, True f'(0.5): {true_prime:.6f}")
print(f"f''(0.5): {natural_double_prime:.6f}, True f''(0.5):
{true_double_prime:.6f}\n")
print("Clamped Cubic Spline:")
print(f"Integral over [0, 1]: {integral_clamped:.6f}, True Integral:
{true_integral:.6f}")
print(f"f'(0.5): {clamped_prime:.6f}, True f'(0.5): {true_prime:.6f}")
print(f"f''(0.5): {clamped_double_prime:.6f}, True f''(0.5):
{true_double_prime:.6f}")

x_vals = np.linspace(x[0], x[-1], 100)


y_natural = [s_spline(xi, x, a_natural, b_natural, c_natural,
d_natural)[0] for xi in x_vals]
y_clamped = [s_spline(xi, x, a_clamped, b_clamped, c_clamped,
d_clamped)[0] for xi in x_vals]
y_true = f(x_vals)

plt.plot(x_vals, y_natural, label='Natural Cubic Spline')


plt.plot(x_vals, y_clamped, label='Clamped Cubic Spline')
plt.plot(x_vals, y_true, label='f(x)')
plt.scatter(x, y, label='Data points')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Natural vs Clamped Cubic Spline Interpolation')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()

Natural Cubic Spline Coefficients:


Interval [0.0, 0.25]:
f(x) = 1.0+-0.7573593128807146*x+0.0*x**2+-6.627416997969521*x**3

Interval [0.25, 0.5]:


f(x) = 0.7071067811865476+-1.9999999999999996*x+-
4.970562748477141*x**2+6.627416997969519*x**3

Interval [0.5, 0.75]:


f(x) = 6.123233995736766e-17+-3.242640687119285*x+-
1.4210854715202005e-15*x**2+6.627416997969523*x**3

Interval [0.75, 1.0]:


f(x) = -0.7071067811865475+-
2.0000000000000004*x+4.970562748477141*x**2+-6.627416997969521*x**3

Clamped Cubic Spline Coefficients:


Interval [0.0, 0.25]:
f(x) = 1.0+(0.0)*x + (-5.193321002610615)*x**2
+(2.028118006381504)*x**3

Interval [0.25, 0.5]:


f(x) = 0.7071067811865476+(-2.2163883751087754)*x + (-
3.672232497824487)*x**2 +(4.896309997099315)*x**3
Interval [0.5, 0.75]:
f(x) = 6.123233995736766e-17+(-3.1344464995648975)*x + (-
1.4347497549002023e-15)*x**2 +(4.896309997099318)*x**3

Interval [0.75, 1.0]:


f(x) = -0.7071067811865475+(-2.2163883751087763)*x +
(3.672232497824487)*x**2 +(2.028118006381506)*x**3

Natural Cubic Spline:


Integral over [0, 1]: 0.000000, True Integral: 0.000000
f'(0.5): -3.242641, True f'(0.5): -3.141593
f''(0.5): -0.000000, True f''(0.5): -0.000000

Clamped Cubic Spline:


Integral over [0, 1]: 0.000000, True Integral: 0.000000
f'(0.5): -3.134446, True f'(0.5): -3.141593
f''(0.5): -0.000000, True f''(0.5): -0.000000

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