Mathematics for Nursing

CONTENTS

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2

1. Arithmetic of whole numbers .......................................................................................... 4

2. Basic Arithmetic Properties ............................................................................................. 5
3. Properties of Real Numbers ............................................................................................ 6
4. The MDAS and PEMDAS Rule ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
5. Integers ............................................................................................................................ 7
6. Fractions ........................................................................................................................... 8
7. Equivalent fractions ......................................................................................................... 9
8. Working with decimals .................................................................................................... 8
9. Rounding and estimating ................................................................................................. 9
10. Converting decimals into fractions ................................................................................. 10
11. Converting fractions into decimals ................................................................................. 11
12. Fractions – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division ........................................ 12
13. Percentage ...................................................................................................................... 15
14. Ratios .............................................................................................................................. 17
15. Units and unit conversion ............................................................................................... 20
16. Rate ................................................................................................................................. 25
17. Algebraic Equations ........................................................................................................ 26
18. Proportions ..................................................................................................................... 27
19. Statistics .......................................................................................................................... 28
20. Flow Rates ....................................................................................................................... 29
21. Sequences ....................................................................................................................... 30
INTRODUCTION:

Math is incredibly important in our lives and, without realizing it, we use mathematical
concepts, as well as the skills we learn from doing mathematics problems, every day. The laws
of mathematics govern everything around us, and without a good understanding of them, one
can encounter significant problems in life.

Mathematics is not only important for success in life; it is all around us. The laws of
mathematics are evident throughout the world, including in nature, and the problem-solving
skills obtained from completing math homework can help us tackle problems in other areas of
life. While many may complain that math is boring or complicated, the truth is that a life
devoid of math means that we go around experiencing the world on a much less interesting
level than we could.

A mathematical law doesn’t change because someone has a different religion than you or
speaks a different language from you. 2 + 2 = 4 in every single place on planet Earth. Pretty
cool! The universality of math is one of the many things that makes it such a powerful tool and,
indeed, essential life skill.

Mathematics is all around us and helps us understand the world better. To live in a
mathematically-driven world and not know math is like walking through an art museum with
your eyes closed. Learning and appreciating math can help you appreciate things that you
would not otherwise notice about the world. In reality, math is everywhere! Don’t believe me?
Read on for some examples of math in nature.

Mathematics is used in practically every career in some way. Obviously, mathematicians and
scientists rely on mathematical principles to do the most basic aspects of their work such as test
hypotheses. While scientific careers famously involve math, they are not the only careers to do
so. Even operating a cash register requires that one understands basic arithmetic. People
working in a factory must be able to do mental arithmetic to keep track of the parts on the
assembly line and must, in some cases, manipulate fabrication software utilizing geometric
properties (such as the dimensions of a part) in order to build their products. Really, any job
requires math because you must know how to interpret your paycheck and balance your
budget.

Read on to learn a few reasons that math is a powerful and incredibly useful tool.

Learning mathematics is good for your brain. Research conducted by Dr. Tanya Evans of
Stanford University indicates that children who know mathematics are able to recruit certain
brain regions more reliably, and have greater gray matter volume in those regions, than those
who perform more poorly in math. The brain regions involved in higher math skills in high-
performing children were associated with various cognitive tasks involving visual attention and
decision-making. While correlation may not imply causation, this study indicates that the same
brain regions that help you do math are recruited in decision-making and attentional processes.

Mathematics helps you tell time. Some children cannot read the hands on an analog clock to
tell time. Knowing math, and particularly, fractions, can help you better tell time. While analog
clocks may eventually become obsolete, don’t let your ability to tell time become outdated!
Use your knowledge of fractions to help you tell time on analog clocks that have an hour,
minute, and (sometimes) second hand.

Mathematics helps you with your finances. Mathematics can be helpful for balancing your
budget because you will have a good understanding of how to make sure that your costs are
less than the money you have. Balancing one’s bank account, for example, is an important life
skill that requires math in order to subtract balances. People who know math are therefore less
likely to go into debt because they did not know how much money they had versus how much
money they spent.

Mathematics makes you a better cook or baker. With a knowledge of mathematics, for
example, you can quickly deduce that a half-cup of flour is the same thing as eight tablespoons
of flour. This can prove handy if you find that your half-cup measure is missing. Likewise, if you
are cooking from a recipe that serves 4 people, but you need to feed 8 people, your math skills
tell you that you can simply double all of the necessary ingredients. Without math, you may
not have enough food (or have too much food) to feed your guests…

Mathematics helps us have better problem-solving skills. Mathematics helps us think

analytically and have better reasoning abilities. Analytical thinking refers to the ability to think
critically about the world around us. Reasoning is our ability to think logically about a situation.
Analytical and reasoning skills are important because they help us solve problems and look for
solutions. While it may seem farfetched to think that solving the train problem above can help
you solve a problem in your life, the skills that you use in framing the problem, identifying the
knowns and unknowns, and taking steps to solve the problem can be a very important strategy
that can be applied to other problems in life.

How do nurses use math in their careers?

Nurses use math in their careers to ensure they're giving their patients the correct dosage of
medication to help them, as it's custom for each person. Math is an essential skill for nurses to
have because they use formulas to help them determine how much to put into intravenous
therapy (IV) fluid drips, injections and oral medications.

The more nurses practice their math skills, the more confident they may feel when using them
on the job. You may also find it helpful to ask colleagues to double-check your work or for help
if you feel unsure to ensure you're getting the correct answer before administering anything to
a patient. Here are some types of math nurses can use on the job:
A. Arithmetic of whole numbers

Arithmetic operations is a branch of mathematics, that involves the study of numbers,

operation of numbers that are useful in all the other branches of mathematics. It
basically comprises operations such as Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and
Division. Let us explore these four operations and examples of how they are used in
everyday life.

These basic mathematical operations (+, -, ×, and ÷) we use in our everyday life.
Whether we need to calculate the annual budget or distribute something equally to a
number of people, for every such aspect of our life, we use arithmetic operations.
There are four operations that can be performed when working with whole numbers.
These four operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We use the
operations in everyday life for a multitude of tasks.

Let us understand each of the basic arithmetic operations in detail.

Basic Arithmetic Operations

The four basic arithmetic operations in Mathematics, for all real numbers, are:

Addition (Finding the Sum; ‘+¿ ’)

Subtraction (Finding the difference; ‘−¿’)

Multiplication (Finding the product; ‘×’ )

Division (Finding the quotient; ‘÷ ’)

Let us discuss all these four basic arithmetic operations with rules and examples in
detail.

Addition Definition
The most basic of these four operations is addition. Addition is the operation that
involves calculating the total amount of a represented group. To add a set of numbers
together, we first need to line them up vertically by place value. Then, add each column
of numbers from right to left. If a column has a sum greater than 9, we will carry the
tens place to the next column.
The addition is a mathematical process of adding things together. The addition process
is denoted by ‘+’ sign. It involves combining two or more numbers into a single term. In
addition process.
Subtraction Definition
The next operation is subtraction. Subtraction is the operation that involves taking away
value from the total amount. To subtract whole numbers, we will need to line the
numbers up by place value from right to left. Next, we will subtract each place value.
Occasionally, the value that we are subtracting is not large enough to take away the
value. When this happens, we must borrow value from the next place value. When you
borrow from the next place value, you are borrowing a set of ten. This set of ten is
added to the existing value, and subtraction is continued.
The subtraction operation gives the difference between two numbers. Subtraction is
denoted by ‘-‘ sign. It is almost similar to addition but is the conjugate of the second
term. It is the inverse process of addition. The addition of the term with the negative
term is known as subtraction. This process is mostly used to find how many are left
when some things are taken away.

Multiplication Definition

Multiplication is known as repeated addition. It is denoted by ‘×’. It also combines with

two or more values to result in a single value. The multiplication process involves
multiplicand, multiplier. The result of the multiplication of multiplicand and the
multiplier is called the product.

Example: 2 × 3 = 6

Here, “2” is the multiplier, “3” is the multiplicand, and the result “6” is called the
product.
The product of two numbers says ‘a’ and ‘b’ results in a single value term ‘ab,‘ where a
and b are the factors of the final value obtained.
Multiplication is another one of the four operations. Multiplication is the process of
adding multiple sets of the same number. To multiply, we will take each place value and
multiply it to every value in the other number. If the number being multiplied has more
than one value, you must add a zero as a place holder each time you move to the next
place value. This process continues until all of the places have been multiplied.
Example in the cookie shop, Val and Keri have finished their daily order. As they talk,
Keri wonders if they cooked this many cookies daily, how many cookies would they cook
in 126 days. To do this, she will need to multiply the daily cookie order of 715 by 126
days.

Division Definition
The last of the four operations is division. Division is the process of a total value and
dividing it into equal parts. The first step is to set up the problem. The value that is being
divided is called the dividend, and the value that we are dividing into is called the
divisor.

The division is usually denoted by ‘÷‘ and is the inverse of multiplication. It constitutes
two terms dividend and divisor, where the dividend is divided by the divisor to give a
single term value. When the dividend is greater than the divisor, the result obtained is
greater than 1, or else it would be less than 1.

Example: 4 ÷ 2 = 2

Here, “4” is the dividend, “2” is the divisor, and the result “2” is called the quotient.

To set up a division problem, you will use the format dividend divided by divisor.

When dividing, we take the divisor and divide it into each value of the dividend from left
to right. The number of times that the value will divide into the dividend goes on top.
The value is then multiplied and subtracted from the dividend. The process continues
until all of the places in the dividend have been divided. If there is a value that remains
at the end, this is called your remainder.
The SUMMARY:
There are four operations that can be performed when working with whole
numbers. These four operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division.

Addition is getting the sum. It is the operation that involves calculating the
total amount of a represented group
Subtraction is getting the difference. It is the operation that involves taking
away value from the total amount.
Multiplication is getting the product. It is the process of adding multiple sets
of the same number.
Division is getting the quotient. It is the process of taking a total value and
dividing it into equal parts.
Note that, the most basic of these four operations is addition.

Basic Arithmetic Properties

The basic arithmetic properties for real numbers are:
 Commutative property
 Associative property
 Distributive property

Commutative Property

This property is applicable only for two arithmetic operations, i.e., addition and
multiplication.

Suppose A and B are two numbers, then, according to commutative property;

A+B=B+A Example: 1+2=2+1

AxB=BxA Example: 1x2=2x1

Thus, the order of numbers in addition and multiplication does not change the result.

Associative Property

Like commutative property, the associative property is also applicable to addition and
multiplication.

A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C Example: 1 + (2 + 3) = (1 + 2) + 3

A x (B x C) = (A + B) x C Example: 1 x (2 x 3) = (1 x 2) x 3

Thus, if we change the grouping of numbers, the result does not change.

Distributive Property

According to the distributive property, if A, B and C are any three real numbers, then,

A x (B + C) = A x B + A x C

Example: 2 x (3 + 4) = (2 x 3) + (2 x 4)

2x7=6+8
 14 = 14

Set of Real Numbers

In math, we deal with different types of numbers. Despite the fact that each number is
different, they may have some characteristics in common. In order to understand these
numbers, they are classified into different groups according to their characteristics. For
example, there are rational numbers and irrational numbers. How they differ from each other?

Real numbers are simply the combination of rational and irrational numbers, in the number
system. In general, all the arithmetic operations can be performed on these numbers and they
can be represented in the number line, also. At the same time, the imaginary numbers are the
un-real numbers, which cannot be expressed in the number line and are commonly used to
represent a complex number.

The set of real numbers consists of different categories, such as natural and whole numbers,
integers, rational and irrational numbers. In the table given below, all the real numbers
formulas (i.e.) the representation of the classification of real numbers are defined with
examples.

The diagram of the Real Number System

 Category Definition Example

Contain all counting numbers

which start from 1.
Natural Numbers All numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…..…
N = {1, 2, 3, 4,……}
Collection of zero and
All numbers including 0 such as 0, 1, 2,
Whole Numbers natural numbers.
3, 4, 5, 6,…..…
W = {0, 1, 2, 3,…..}

The collective result of whole Includes:

Integers numbers and negative of all Negative infinity (-∞) , ……..-4, -3, -2, -1,
natural numbers. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …… Positive infinity (+∞)
Numbers that can be written
Examples of rational numbers are ½,
Rational Numbers in the form of p/q, where
5/4 and 12/6 etc.
q≠0.
The numbers which are not
Irrational numbers are non-terminating
Irrational Numbers rational and cannot be
and non-repeating in nature like √2.
written in the form of p/q.

Properties of Real Numbers

Here are the main properties of the Real Numbers. Note that, Real Numbers are Commutative,
Associative, and Distributive.

Property Symbol Example

Commutative (Addition) a+b=b+a 2+6=6+2
Commutative (Multiplication) ab = ba 4×2=2×4

Property Symbol Example

Associative (Addition) (a + b) + c = a + ( b + c ) (1 + 6) + 3 = 1 + (6 + 3)
Associative (Multiplication) (ab)c = a(bc) (4 × 2) × 5 = 4 × (2 × 5)
 Property Symbol Example
a x (b + c) = ab + ac 3 × (6+2) = 3 × 6 + 3 × 2
Distributive
(b+c) × a = ba + ca (6+2) × 3 = 6 × 3 + 2 × 3

Property Symbol Example

Identity (Addition) a+0=a 6+0=6
Identity (Multiplication) a×1=a 6×1=6
NOTE: Adding zero leaves the real number unchanged, likewise for multiplying by 1:

Other Properties:

Property Symbol Example

Closure (Addition) a+b is real 2 + 3 = 5 is real
Closure (Multiplication) a×b is real 6 × 2 = 12 is real
NOTE: Real Numbers are closed (the result is also a real number) under addition and
multiplication

Property Symbol Example

Additive Inverse a + (−a ) = 0 6 + (−6) = 0
Multiplicative Inverse a × (1/a) = 1 6 × (1/6) = 1
NOTE: For addition the inverse of a real number is its negative, and for multiplication the
inverse is its reciprocal. But not for 0 as 1/0 is undefined

Multiplying by zero gives zero (the ZERO PRODUCT PROPERTY):

Zero Product

Symbol: a×0=0×a=0

Example: 5×0=0×5=0

NOTE: If ab = 0 then a=0 or b=0, or both

Integers

In Mathematics, integers are the collection of whole numbers and negative numbers. Similar to
whole numbers, integers also does not include the fractional part. Thus, we can
say, integers are numbers that can be positive, negative or zero, but cannot be a fraction or
decimals. We can perform all the arithmetic operations, like addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division, on integers. The examples of integers are, 1, 2, 5,8, -9, -12, etc. The
symbol of integers is “Z“. Now, let us discuss the definition of integers, symbol, types,
operations on integers, rules and properties associated to integers, how to represent integers
on number line with many solved examples in detail.

What are Integers?

The word integer originated from the Latin word “Integer” which means whole or intact.
Integers is a special set of numbers comprising zero, positive numbers and negative numbers.

Examples of Integers: – 1, -12, 6, 15.

Symbol. The integers are represented by the symbol ‘Z’.

Z = {……-8,-7,-6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,……}

Types of Integers. Integers come in three types:

 Zero (0)
 Positive Integers (Natural numbers)
 Negative Integers (Additive inverse of Natural Numbers)

Zero is neither a positive nor a negative integer.

It is a neutral number i.e. zero has no sign (+ or -).

Positive Integers

The positive integers are the natural numbers or also called counting numbers. These integers
are also sometimes denoted by Z+. The positive integers lie on the right side of 0 on a number
line.

Z+

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30,….

Negative Integers

The negative integers are the negative of natural numbers. They are denoted by Z–. The
negative integers lie on the left side of 0 on a number line.

Z–

-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20, -21, -22, -23, -
24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -29, -30,…..

The diagram of the Integers

How to Represent Integers on Number Line?

As we have already discussed the three categories of integers, we can easily represent them on
a number line based on positive integers, negative integers and zero.

Zero is the center of integers on a number line. Positive integers lie on the right side of zero and
negative integers lie on the left. See the below figure.

Rules of Integers

Rules defined for integers are:

 Sum of two positive integers is an integer

 Sum of two negative integers is an integer
 Product of two positive integers is an integer
 Product of two negative integers is an integer
 Sum of an integer and its inverse is equal to zero
 Product of an integer and its reciprocal is equal to 1

Arithmetic Operations on Integers

The basic Mathematics operations performed on integers are:

 Addition of integers
 Subtraction of integers
 Multiplication of integers
 Division of integers
Addition of Integers

While adding the two integers with the same sign, add the absolute values, and write down the
sum with the sign provided with the numbers.

For example,

(+4) + (+7) = +11

(-6) + (-4) = -10

While adding two integers with different signs, subtract the absolute values, and write down
the difference with the sign of the number which has the largest absolute value.

For example,

(-4) + (+2) = -2

(+6) + (-4) = +2.

Subtraction of Integers

While subtracting two integers, change the sign of the second number which is being
subtracted, and follow the rules of addition.

For example,

(-7) – (+4) = (-7) + (-4) = -11

(+8) – (+3) = (+8) + (-3) = +5

Multiplication of Integers

While multiplying two integer numbers, the rule is simple.

 If both the integers have the same sign, then the result is positive.
 If the integers have different signs, then the result is negative.
For example,

 (+2) x (+3) = +6
 (+3) x (-4) = – 12
Thus, we can summarize the multiplication of two integers with examples in the table below.

Multiplication of Signs Resulting Sign Examples

+×+ + 3 × 4 = 12

+×– – 3 × -4 = -12

–×+ – -3 × 4 = -12

–×– + -3 × -4 = 12

Division of Integers

The rule for dividing integers is similar to multiplication.

 If both the integers have the same sign, then the result is positive.
 If the integers have different signs, then the result is negative.
Similarly

 (+6) ÷ (+2) = +3
 (-16) ÷ (+4) = -4

Division of Signs Resulting sign Examples

+÷+ + 15 ÷ 3 = 5

+÷– – 15 ÷ -3 = -5
 –÷+ – -15 ÷ 3 = -5

–÷– + -15 ÷ -3 = 5

Rules of Operation With Integers

The rules of operations on integers are listed below:

 Addition of two integers with the same sign will result in the sum of integers with the
same sign.
 Addition of two integers with different signs will result in the difference of integers with
the sign of greater value.
 Subtraction of integers will follow similar rules as an addition. One important rule is the
sign of integer, which is subtracted from other integers (subtrahend), changed and
added to the other integer.
 Multiplication and division of two same-sign integers will result in a positive value
 Multiplication and division of two different sign integers will result in a negative value

Additive Inverse Property

If a is an integer, then as per the additive inverse property of integers,

a + (-a) = 0

Hence, -a is the additive inverse of integer a.

Multiplicative inverse Property

If a is an integer, then as per the multiplicative inverse property of integers, a x (1/a) = 1

Hence, 1/a is the multiplicative inverse of integer a.

Identity Property of Integers

The identity elements of integers are:

 a+0=a
  ax1=a

Applications of Integers

Integers are not just numbers on paper; they have many real-life applications. The effect of
positive and negative numbers in the real world is different. They are mainly used to symbolize
two contradicting situations.

For example, when the temperature is above zero, positive numbers are used to denote
temperature, whereas negative numbers indicate the temperature below zero. They help one
to compare and measure two things like how big or small or more or fewer things are and
hence can quantify things.

Some real-life situations where integers come into play are player’s scores in golf, football and
hockey tournaments, the rating of movies or songs, in banks credits and debits are represented
as positive and negative amounts respectively.

INTEGERS IN REAL LIFE

POSITIVE NUMBERS NEGATIVE INTEGERS

Centimeters gained in long jump Centimeters lost in long jump
Distance above sea level Distance below sea level
Money deposited in bank Money withdrawn from the bank
No. of students added in a class Students dropping a class
Points added as in a group games Points taken from the group games
Price increases Price cuts/decreases
Calories absorbed in a meal Calories burned in exercises

Word problems on integers Examples:

Example 1: Sandra has overdrawn his checking account by Php38,000. The bank debited him
Php20,000 for an overdraft fee. Later, he deposited Php150,000. What is his current balance?

Solution:
Given: Total amount deposited = Php150,000
Amount overdrew by Sandra = Php38,000

⇒ Debit amount = - 38,000 [Debit is represented as negative integer]

Amount charged by bank = 20,000

⇒ Debit amount = -20,000

Total amount debited = (-38,000) + (-20,000) = -58,000

Current balance = Total deposit + Total Debit

⇒150,000 + (– 58,000) = 92,000 [Subtract and give the sign of greater number]

Hence, the current balance is Php92,000.

Example 2: Anna is a microbiology student. She was doing research on optimum temperature
for the survival of different strains of bacteria. Studies showed that bacteria X need optimum
temperature of -31˚C while bacteria Y need optimum temperature of -56˚C. What is the
temperature difference?

Solution:

Given: Optimum temperature for bacteria X = -31˚C

Optimum temperature for bacteria Y = -56˚C

Temperature difference = Optimum temperature for bacteria X – Optimum temperature for

bacteria Y

⇒ (-31) – (-56)

⇒ -31 + 56 = 25 [Subtract and give the sign of greater number]

Hence, temperature difference is 25˚C.

Example 3: A submarine submerges at the rate of 5 m per minute. If it descends from 20 m

above the sea level, how long will it take to reach 250 m below sea level?

Solution:

Given: Initial position = 20 m (above sea level)

Final position = 250 m (below sea level)

Total depth it submerged = (250 + 20) = 270 m

Thus, the submarine travelled 270 m below sea level.

Time taken to submerge 1 meter = 1/5 minutes

Time taken to submerge 270 m = 270 (1/5) = 54 min

Hence, the submarine will reach 250 m below sea level in 54 minutes.

What is PEMDAS RULE?

PEMDAS is an acronym and it stands for Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division,

Addition, and Subtraction. In certain regions, they called it BODMAS and it stands for Bracket,
Order, Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction. Thus, the order of operations of
PEMDAS and BODMAS is shown in the below figure.

PEMDAS Rule Explanation

It explains the order of operations to be performed while solving an expression. According to

the PEMDAS rule, if an expression contains symbols for grouping terms such as, ((), {}, []) we
have first to solve or simplify the bracket followed by roots or exponent, then division or
multiplication, and addition or subtraction from left to right. Solving the problem in the wrong
order will result in a wrong answer.

In this case, first, we have to simplify the terms inside the bracket from the inner most bracket
to the outermost bracket [{()}], and simplify the roots or exponents, if any. Then perform
multiplication or division operation from left to right. Finally, perform addition or subtraction
operation to get the accurate answer.

Example 1. (3 + 5) – 5 + 2

To solve this, the first bracket has to be solved (8) - 5 + 2

8–5+2
3+2=5

Example 2. Simplify: 17 – 24 ÷ 6 × 4 + 8

Solution: 17 – 24 ÷ 6 × 4 + 8

As per the rule of MDAS perform the division first. 17 – 4 × 4 + 8

Next is to perform the multiplication. 17 – 16 + 8
Finally, addition or subtraction from left to right. 1 + 8 = 9

Example 3. Simplify the expression: 49 ÷ 7 + 53 ÷ 25 – 12

Solution: 7 + 125 ÷ 25 – 12

= 7 + 5 – 12
= 12 – 12
=0

NAME: ___________________________________ Year & Section: ____________________

Professor’s Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________

ACTIVITY #1.

Solve the following:

A. Add 23 and 40 and then subtract 20 from the sum.

B. Subtracting 20 from the sum
C. Solve: 20 + 20 + 20 + 20

D. Five times 20

E. Find the value of (6 x 4) ÷ 12 + 72 ÷ 8 – 9.

F. Solve 8 + 9 ÷ 9 + 5 × 2 − 7.
G. Simplify the expression [25 – 3 (6 + 1)] ÷ 4 + 9.
H. Simplify the given expression: 180 ÷ 15 {(12 – 6) – (14 – 12)}.
I. Simplify the following expression 3 + 24 × (15 ÷ 3)
J. Solve the expression using the rule {50 – (2 + 3) + 15}.
K. Simplify the expression using the rule [18 – 2 (5 + 1)] ÷ 3 + 7.
L. What is the value of 28 – [26 – {2 + 5 × (6 – 3)}]?

M. Simplify: 2 + 5(4 + 2) + 32 – (1 + 6 × 3)

N. Find the value of 7 + {8 – 3 of (√4 + 2)}.

O. What are the four basic arithmetic operations?

 P. What are the symbols of four basic operations in Mathematics?

Q. What does the four arithmetic operations represents?

R. Can we use the PEMDAS rule when there are no brackets?

S. What does E represent in the PEMDAS rule?

T. Which arithmetic operations are involved in the PEMDAS rule?

U. What is the use of the PEMDAS rule?

V. What are the other properties of real Numbers?

W. Discuss the flow chart of the Set of Real Number System

X. Answer Activity on Integers below

ACTIVITY #2. Fill in the box below with the data with another concepts that refers to a
positive and a negative numbers or integers
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

ACTIVITY #3. Answer the following and give 5 examples for each.

State 2 rules in adding integers under the State 2 rules in subtracting integers under
given example/s the given example/s

1st Rule: -9 + -8 = -17 1st Rule: 1.) - 21 – (+12) = -21 + -12

2.) - 27 – (-22) = -27 + 22 = - 5
 2nd Rule: -15 + (+10) = -5 2nd Rule: 1.) -21 + -12= -33
7 + - 20 = - 13 2.) -27 + 22 = - 5

I-15I = 15 I+10I = 10 15>10

State the 2 rules in Multiplying integers A. Rules in Dividing integers under the
under the given example/s given example/s

1st Rule: -3 x -4 = 12 7 x 5 = 35 1st Rule: -12 ÷ -4 = 3 75 ÷ 5 = 15

2nd Rule: -3 x +4 = - 12. 7 x - 5 = - 35 2nd Rule: -32 ÷ +4 = - 8 27 ÷ - 9 = - 3

Prepared by: Professor ADORE J. VILLAFRIA