BAYES THEOREM RELATED QUESTIONS

1. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls.
One ball is transferred from bag I to bag II and then a ball is drawn from bag II. The ball
is so drawn is to be red in color. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.
2. A girl throws a die. If she gets 5 or 6 , she tosses a coin three times and note the
number of heads. If she gets 1,2,3 or 4, she tosses a coin two times and notes the number
of heads obtained. If she obtain exactly two heads, what is the probability that she threw
1,2,3 or 4 with the die?
3. A bag X contains 4 white balls and 2 black balls, while another bag Y contains 3
white balls and 3 black balls. Two balls are drawn (without replacement) at random from
one of the bags and were found to be one white and one black. Find the probability that
the balls were drawn from bag Y.
4. Three bag contain balls as shown in the table below:
bag Number of white Number of black Number of red balls
balls balls
I 1 2 3
II 2 1 1
III 4 3 2
A bag is chosen at random and two balls are drawn from it. They happen to be white and
red. What is the probability that they come from III bag.
5. Three bag contain balls as shown in the table below:
bag Number of white Number of black Number of red balls
balls balls
I 2 1 3
II 4 2 1
III 5 4 3
A bag is choosen at random and two balls are drawn from it. They happen to be black and
red. What is the probability that they come from I bag.
6. There arte three coins. One is two headed coin(having head on both faces ),
another is a biased coin that comes up head 75% of the times and the third is unbiased
coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is the
probability that it was the two headed coin?
7. A bag contain 4 balls. two balls are drawn at random and are found to be white.
What is the probability that all balls are white.
8. Three machines E1,E2,E3 in certain factory produce 50%,25%and 25%
respectively, of the total daily output of electric tubes. It is known that 4% of tube
produced on each of machinesE1 and E2 are defective and that 5% of those produced on
E3, are defective. If one tube is picked up at random from a day’s production, calculate
the probability that it id defective.
9. probability that it was produced by the machine B?
10. Two groups are competing for the position on the board of directors of a
corporation. The probabilities that first and second group will win are 0.6 and 0.4
respectively. Further, if the first group wins, the probability of introducing a new product
is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3, if the second group wins. Find the
probability that the new product was introduced by the second group.
11. Assume that patient having a heart attack is 40%. Assuming that meditation and
yoga course reduces the risk of heart attack by 30% and prescription of certain drug
reduces its chance by 25%. At a time patient can choose any one of the two options with
equal probabilities. It is given that after going through one of the two options, the patient
selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the probability that the patient followed a
couce of meditation and yoga. Interpret the result and state which of the above stated
methods is more beneficial for the patient.
12. Often it is taken that a truthful person commands, more respect in the society. A
man is known to speak the truth 4 out of 5 times. He throws a die and reports that it is
actually a six. Find the probability that it is actually a six
13. There are three coins , one is a two headed coin (having head on both
faces),another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time and third is an
unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads.
What is the probability that it was the two headed coin?
14. A factory has two machines A and B. Past records that machines A produced 60%
of the item of output and machines B produced 40% of the item. Further, 2% of item
produced by machine A and 1% produced by machine B were defective. All the items are
put into one stock pile and then one item is chosen at random from this and found to be
defective. What is the probability that it was produced by machine B?
15. An insurance company insured 2000 scooters and 3000 motorcycles. The
probability of an accident involving a scooter is 0.01 and that of a motor cycle is 0.02. An
insured vehicle met with an accident .Find the probability that accident vehicle was a
motor cycle.
16. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack ,two
cards are drawn and are found to be both diamonds. Find the probability of lost card
being a diamond.
17. By examining the chest X-ray, the probability that TB is detected when a person
is actually suffering is 0.99. the probability of an healthy person diagnosed to have TB is
0.001. In a certain city, 1 in 1000 people suffers from TB.A person is selected at random
and is diagnosed to have TB. What is the probability that he actually has TB?
18. There are two bags, one of which contains 3 black and 4 white balls , while the
other contains 4 black and 3 white balls .A die is thrown. If it shows up 1 or 3 , a ball is
 taken from the first bag; but it shows up any other number , a ball is chosen from the
second bag. Find the probability of choosing a black ball.
19. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls.
One ball is transferred from bag I to bag II and then a ball is drawn from bag II. The ball
is so drawn is to be red in color. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.
20. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls.
two balls are transferred from bag I to bag II and then a ball is drawn from bag II. The
ball is so drawn is to be red in color. Find the probability that the transferred balls both
are black.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION RELATED QNS
21. Three cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the
probability distribution of the number of aces.
22. Three cards are drawn from well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Find the
probability distribution of number of red cards.
23. Two the numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from first six
positive integers. Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the
probability distribution of X.
24. Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from first six positive
integers. Let X denote the largest of the three numbers obtained. Find the probability
distribution of X.
25. Three numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from first six
positive integers. Let X denote the smallest of the three numbers obtained. Find the
probability distribution of X..
26. From a well, shuffled pack of 52 cards, 3 cards are drawn one-by-one with
replacement. Find the probability distribution of number of queens.
27. Let X denotes the number of hours you study during a randomly selected school
selected school day. The probability that X can take the values X, has the following form
, where k is some unknown constant.
0.1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
𝑘𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2
P(X=x)=
𝑘 5−𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 3 𝑜𝑟 4
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

(i) Find the value of k.

(ii) What is the probability that you study (a) at least two hours?(b) exactly two
hours? (c) at most two hours?
28. The probability distribution of a random variable x is given as under
𝑘𝑥 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1,2,3
P(X=x)= 2𝑘𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 4,5,6
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
 Where k is a constant. Calculate

(i) E(X) (ii) E(3𝑋 2 )

(ii) P(X ≥4)

29. A discreat random variable X has the following probability distribution

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2
P(X) C 2C 2C 3C 𝐶 2 2𝐶 7𝐶 2 +C
Find the value of C .
30. A class has 15 students, whose ages are 14, 17, 15, 14, 21, 17, 19, 20, 17, 16, 19
and 20 years. One student is selected in such a manner that each has the same chance of
being chosen and the age X of the selected student is recorded. What is the probability
distribution of the random variable X
31. From a lot of 10 bulbs , which include3 defectives , a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn
at random. Find the probability distribution of number of defective bulbs.
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY AND INDEPENDENT EVENT RELATED QNS
32. A problem in mathematics id given to 3 students whose chances of solving it are
1 1 1
, , , what is the probability that the(i) problem is solved?(ii)exactly one of them will
2 3 4
solve it?
33. Assume that each born child is eually likely to be a boy or girl. If a family has two
children, what is the conditional probablility that both are girls given that
(i) The youngest is a girl
(ii) At least one is a girl
34. A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considerd a success, find
the probability distribution of number of success A and B throw a pair of dice turn by
turn. The first to throw 9 is awarded a prize. If A starts the game, show that the
9
probability of A getting prize is 17 .
1 2
35. The probability that A hits the target is 3 and the probability that B hits it is 5. If
each one of A and B shoots at the target , what is the probability that (i) the target is hit
(ii) exactly one of them hits the target..
36. A speak truth in 60% of the case, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percent of
cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact? In the cases of
contradiction do you think, the statement of B will carry more weight as he speak truth in
more number of cases than A.
37. P speaks truth in 70% of the cases and Q in 80% of the cases. In what percent of
cases are they likely to agree in stating the same fact? Do you think when they agree,
means both are speaking truth?
38. A speaks truth in 75% of the case, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percent of
cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact? Do you think that
statement of B is true?
39. In a self assessment survey 60% persons claimed that they never indulged in
corruption, 40% persons claimed that they always spoke the truth and 20 % said that
they neither indulged in corruption nor told lies.
A person is selected at random out of this group.
(i). what is the probability that the person is either corrupt or tells lie?
(ii). If a person never indulged in corruption, find the probability that she/he speaks the
truth.
(iii). If a person always speak the truth then find the probability that she/he claims to
have never indulged in corruption.
40. Given that, the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different. Find
the probability of the events the sum of numbers on the dice is 4’.
41. Events E and F are such that P (not E or not F)=0.25.State whether E and F are
mutually exclusive.
42. If P(A)=6/11,P(B)=5/11 and P(AUB)=7/11,then find P(A∩B).
43. Compute P(A/B),if P(B)=0.5 and P(A∩B)=0.3.
44. The probability that a student will pass the final examination of both English and
hindi is 0.5 and the probability of passing neither is 0.1. If the probability of passing
English examination is 0.75, then what is the probability of passing the Hindi
examination?
45. I E and F events , such that P(E)=1/4,P(F)=1/2 and P(E and F)=1/8,then find
(i) P(E orF).
(ii) P(not E and not F).
46. The letter of the word ‘SOCIETY’ are placed at random in a row. What is the
probability that the three vowels come together?
47. The probability of simultaneous occurrence of atleast one of two events A and B
is ρ. If the probability that exactly one of A,B occurs is q, then prove that P(A’)+P(B’)=2-
2ρ+q.
1
48. If P(A) = 2 P(B) = 0 , then find P(A/B).
49. Write the probability of even prime number on each die, when a pair of die is
rolled.
50. Two independent events A and B are given such that P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.6,
find P(A and not B)
51. A fair coin and unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event ‘head appears on the
coin’ and B be the event 3 on the die’. Check whether A and B are independent events or
not.
52. Let A and B be the two events. If P(A) = 0.2,P(B)= 0.4,P(A∪B)= 0.6, then find
𝐴
P(𝐵 ).