What I Need To Know

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision).
S9FE-IVb-36
Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal.
S9FE-IVb-37

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• Discuss impulse and momentum.

• Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects.

• Explain the law of conservation of momentum.

• Solve problems involving impulse, momentum, and its convservation &

collisions.

In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship of acceleration to

the net force and the object’s mass which is stated in Newton’s Second Law
of Motion or the Law of Acceleration.

In this self learning kit, you will learn about the property of moving
things described as momentum as well as its changes which is referred to as
impulse.

In this kit you will also understand the conservation of momentum

and the different types of collision. More excitingly, various real life
applications shall be discussed in this kit.

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 What I Know

Pre-Assessment
Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

For numbers 1 to 2, refer to the table below:

Vehicle Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s)

Jeepney 2000 10
Motor cycle 300 20

1. In the table above, what is the momentum of the jeepney?

A. 3, 000 kg m/s B. 6, 000 kg m/s C. 20, 000 kg m/s D. 40, 000 kg m/s

2. Which has greater momentum, the jeepney or the motorcycle?

A. jeepney C. both have the same momentum

B. motorcycle D. cannot be determined

3. Two identical cars are travelling along M.C. Briones St., Highway. Which of the
two cars would have a greater momentum?

A. the slower car C. both have the same momentum

B. the faster car D. cannot be easily determined

4. A car and a bicycle are travelling along Sacred Heart Village, Labogon Road,
Labogon mandaue City having the same velocity. Which of the two vehicles would
have a greater momentum?

A. the car C. both have the same momentum

B. the bicycle D. cannot be easily determined

5. A 25-kg girl is riding a 5-kg with a velocity of 5 m/s the East. What is the total
momentum of a girl and a bike together?

A. 100 kg m/s B. 125 kg m/s C. 150 kg m/s D. 200 m/s

6. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a

system to be conserved?

A. The system must be at rest.

B. Kinetic energy must not change.

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 C. No net external force acts on the system.

D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.

7. In car accidents, it is safer to have padded dashboards than non-padded ones

because an occupant hitting the dash has ________________.

A. increased time of impact C. both of these

B. decreased impact force D. none of these

8. The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to its change in _____________.

A. kinetic energy B. momentum C. velocity D. potential energy

9. Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly elastic
collision, what would be their velocities after collision?
A. Zero
B. Same in magnitude and direction
C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction
10. A 50-kg astronaut ejects 100 g of gas from his propulsion pistol at a velocity of 50 m/s.
What is his resulting velocity?
A. -0.10 m/s B. -0.50 m/s C. 0 m/s D. -100 m/s

What’s In

Study the situation and illustration provided below. Give your own idea/ reason for
the given situation.

Imagine you are in a car out of control, and

you have a choice of slamming into either a A
haystack (A) or a concrete wall (B).
Scientifically explain why hitting something
soft like a haystack is far better than hitting
something hard like a concrete wall.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
B
__________________

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What’s New

In grade 8, you learned Newton’s Second Law of Motion or the Law of

Acceleration which states that the acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional
to its mass. This time, when we combine the ideas of mass and motion, we
are dealing with momentum. Momentum is a property of moving things.
Momentum is a property of moving things.
Direction: Loop the words that are underlined in the paragraph above.

What Is It

LESSON 1: Momentum and Impulse

Momentum is a common term used in sports. A team that has the momentum is on the
move and is going to be hard to stop.

Momentum (denoted by ρ) is a physics term that refers to the quantity of motion that
an object has or the difficulty of making an object stop. It is defined as the “mass in
motion”. The amount of momentum depends on the variables mass and velocity. In
equation form,
ρ = mv Simply put:
*Only moving objects has momentum. There is zero momentum for objects at rest.
*Bigger objects have greater momentum compared to smaller ones if they both have
the same velocity.
*Slower objects have lesser momentum compared to faster ones if they are identical
or have the same mass.

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 Changes in momentum happen every time. This change in momentum is called as
impulse. Impulse (denoted by I) is the force applied for a certain time to produce a
change in momentum. In equation,
Impulse = momentum change
I = Δ ρ since I = Ft and Δ ρ = Δmv
F Δt = m (vf – vi) IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM

APPLICATION:
Modern cars have safety measures that lengthen the amount of time momentum
changes during a collision. As a result, the force on the vehicle and possible injuries to
passengers are reduced. These safety features are air bags, padded dashboard, and
crumple zones (an area in the car that deforms in the event of a crash).

Exercise 1 : Momentum and Impulse

A. Directions: Use the equations for momentum and impulse in completing
the table. An example is provided for your guide.
Momentum ρ = mv
Object Mass(kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum
bird 0.03 18 0.54 kg m/s
1. Male player 80 5
2. bullet 0.004 600
3. baseball 0.14 30
B. Problem Solving: Show the solution in solving the two-item word problems.
1. A force of 56.0N acts on a body for 12.0 s. How much impulse is produced by the
force?
2. A 5.00kg body accelerates from 3.25 m/s to 9.75 m/s upon acted by a certain force.
Compute the impulse produced by the exerted force.

LESSON 2: Conservation of Momentum

A person experiences the conservation of momentum in some familiar situations.

When a person jumps off In a balloon rocket set-up, the Similarly, when he steps out
the skateboard in balloon and air comes out in of the boat towards a dock,
one direction, the opposite directions. the boat moves away from
balloon’s exiting the dock.
skateboard moves
direction air’s
in the opposite direction man jumping out boat in this
direction. the boat in this direction
direction

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 In these three situations, the momentum before interaction is zero.
When one of the interacting bodies moves forward, it acquires a forward
momentum. Consequently, the other body must move backward to keep the total
momentum zero. Thus, momentum before, during and after collision is the same or
conserved. Conservation of momentum is expressed in the equation, ρ before = ρ after
or
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f where m1 – mass of 1st object
v1i – initial velocity of 1st object
m2 – mass of 2nd object
v2i – initial velocity of 2nd object
v1f – final velocity of 1st object
v2f – final velocity of 2nd object

The law of conservation of momentum states that the momentum of a body or system of bodies is
conserved unless an external force act upon it.

SAMPLE PLROBLEM 1:
A 2.50kg cart (A) is pulled with a 1.0N force for 3 seconds. Another 2.50kg cart (B) is
pulled with a 2.0 N force for 2 seconds.
a. Which cart (A or B) has the greatest impulse? Explain.
b. Which cart (A or B) has the greatest change in momentum? Explain.
SOLUTION:
Given: mA = 2.50 kg FA = 1.0 N t = 3 s
mB = 2.50 kg FB = 2.0 N t = 2 s
a. Cart B has the greateast impulse.
Since I = Ft, IA = FA t while IB = FB t
So, IA= (1N)(3s) = 3Ns while IB = (2N)(2s) = 4Ns
b. Cart B also has the greatest momentum change.
Since cart B has the greatest impulse, it follows that it is also the one with the greatest
momentum change since impulse equals the change in momentum.

SAMPLE PLROBLEM 2:
A 6kg object traveling at 10m/s collides head on with a 4kg object traveling at
4m/s. Determine the velocity after collision of the first object if the second object
moves to the right with a final velocity of 10m/s. Assume that the collision occur
in an isolated system.
SOLUTION:
Given: m1 = 6.0 kg v1i = 10m/s
m2 = 4.0 kg v2i = 4m/s v2f = 10m/s
Asked: v1f ?
ρ before collision = ρ after collision
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f
(6Kg)(10m/s) + (4kg)(4m/s)= 6kg (v1f)+ (4kg)(10m/s)
v1f = (6Kg)(10m/s) + (4kg)(4m/s) - (4kg)(10m/s)
6 kg
v1f = 6 m/s

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 Exercise 2: Conservation of Momentum
Answer the problems using the concept of conservation of momentum.
Show you complete solution.
1. Two ice skaters stand together. They “push off” and travel directly away from each
other, the boy with a velocity of +1.50m/s. If the boy weighs 735.0N and the girl is 490.0
N, what is the girl’s velocity after they push off? (Consider the ice to be frictionless).
2. Two ice skaters stand together. They “push off” and travel directly away from each
other, the boy with a velocity of +0.50m/s and the girl with a velocity of -0.65m/s. If the
mass of the boy is 60.0kg, what is the girl’s mass? (Consider the ice to be frictionless).

What’s More

LESSON 3: Types of Collision

Collision occurs when two or more bodies come in contact such as that of the billiard balls or vehicles in
an accident. It may be described as perfectly inelastic, inelastic or elastic based on what happens to the
two bodies after the collision. In all types of collision, linear momentum is conserved. Kinetic energy is
conserved only if collision is elastic.

Elastic Bodies Linear momentum

Collision separate is conserved.
after
collision.
Kinetic Energy is
conserved.

Inelastic Bodies Linear momentum

Collision separate is conserved.
after
collision.
Kinetic Energy is
not conserved.
Some of the kinetic
energy dissipates
as heat, sound, or
through
permanent
deformation of the
bodies.

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Perfectly Bodies Linear momentum
Inelastic attached is conserved.
Collision to each
other
after the Kinetic Energy is
collision not conserved.
and Some of the kinetic
move energy dissipates
with a as heat, sound, or
common through
velocity. permanent
deformation of the
bodies.

Exercise 3: Types of Collision

Read each sentence carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
the statement is incorrect.
______1. Two colliding objects will exert equal forces upon each other even if their mass is
significantly different.
______2. During a collision, an object always encounters an impulse and a change in
momentum.
______3. During a collision, the impulse which an object experiences is equal to its velocity
change.
______4. The velocity change of two respective objects involved in a collision will always be
equal.
______5. While individual objects may change their velocity during a collision, the overall or
total velocity of the colliding objects is conserved.
______6. In a collision, the two colliding objects could have different acceleration values.
______7. In a collision between two objects of identical mass, the acceleration values could
be different.
______8. Total momentum is always conserved between any two objects involved in a
collision in the absence of a net external force.
______9. When a moving object collides with a stationary object of identical mass, the
stationary object encounters the greater collision force.
______10. When a moving object collides with a stationary object of identical mass, the
stationary object encounters the greater momentum change.

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What I Have Learned

Let’s Sum It Up
➢ Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity.

➢ Impulse is the product of a force and the time during which it acts. It is equal to
change in momentum.
.
➢ The law of conservation of momentum states that the momentum of a body or system
of bodies is conserved unless an external force acts upon it.

➢ An elastic collision is a collision wherein both kinetic energy and momentum are
conserved, whereas an inelastic collision is a collision wherein momentum is
conserved but kinetic energy is not.

WHAT I CAN DO

TASK: Find one cartoon illustration from newspaper, magazine, book, TV show or internet
that depicts any of the concepts on momentum, impulse, conservation of momentum
and collisions. Paste them on a piece of long bond paper and explain how any of those
concept is demonstrated in the cartoon. Your output will be graded according to the
following criteria:

Accuracy of Content – 50%

Neatness of Work – 15%

Creativity - 20%

Timeliness – 15%

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 Assessment
Let’s find out if you’ve learn something!
Try to answer the following exercises.

POST - ASSESSMENT
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer .

1. Which has more momentum, a heavy truck moving at 30 km/h or a light truck moving at
30 km/h?
A. heavy truck C. Both have the same momentum
B. light truck D. Cannot be determined.
2. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks,
while one dropped on the grass usually does not break. This is because for the egg
dropped on the grass, _________.
A. the change in momentum is greater C. the time interval for stopping is greater
B. the change in momentum is less D. the time interval for stopping is less
3. The impulse experienced by a body is equal to the change in its ____________.
A. velocity B. kinetic energy C. momentum D. potential energy
4. In certain martial arts, people practice breaking a piece of wood with the side of their bare
hand. Use your understanding of impulse to explain how this can be done without injury
to the hand.
A. Given the same change in momentum, when the time interval is smaller the impact
force is bigger.
B. Given the same change in momentum, when the time interval is bigger the impact
force is bigger.
C. Given the same change in momentum, when the time interval is smaller the impact
force is smaller.
D. Given the same change in momentum, when the time interval is bigger the impact
force is smaller.
5. A lady tennis player hits an approaching ball with a force of 750 N If she hits the ball in
0.002 s, how much impulse is imparted to the tennis ball?
A. 0 N s B. 1.5 N s C. 3.0 N s D. 6.0 Ns
6. Which is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a system to be conserved?
A. Kinetic energy must not change. C. An object must be at rest.
B. No external force is present. D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.
For numbers 7 and 8: Two 0.5 kg balls approach each other with the same speed of 1.0 m/s.
7. What is the total momentum of the system before collision?

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 A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s
8. If there is no external force acting on the system, what the total momentum of the system
after collision?
A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s
9. Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly elastic
collision, what would be their velocities after collision?
A. Zero
B. Same in magnitude and direction
C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction
10. A 50-kg astronaut ejects 100 g of gas from his propulsion pistol at a velocity of 50 m/s.
What is his resulting velocity?
A. -0.10 m/s B. -0.50 m/s C. 0 m/s D. -100 m/s

REFERENCES:

John Donnie A. Ramos, et. al. Exploring Life Through Science The New Grade 9.
Quezon City:Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,2014, 391-411.

Marites D. Aquino, et. al. Science Links 9 Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy. Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2017, 330-356.

Ryan John G. Garcia, et. al. Science for the 21st Century Learner 9. Makati
City:Diwa Learning Systems, Inc.,2015, 352-369.

Liza A. Alvarez et al., Science 9 Learning Module Pasig: FEP Printing Corporation,
2014, pp. 228-277.

https://classnotes.ng/lesson/linear-momentum-physics-ss2/

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Answer Key

PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. C 2._ 3. B 4._ 5. C 6. _ 7. C 8. _ 9. C 10. _

WHAT’S IN : SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

A B

Hitting either a haystack or a concrete wall, your momentum will be decreased by the
same amount, and thus means that the impulse needed to stop you is the same. The
same impulse means the same product of force and time – not the same force or the
same time. By hitting the haystack instead of the wall, you extend the time of impact
which means lesser force and lesser damage on you and the car.

WHAT IS IT:
Exercise 1: Momentum and Impulse
A. 1) 400 kg m/s 2) ____ 3) 4.2 kg m/s
B. 1) 672 Ns 2) ____
Exercise 2: Conservation of Momentum
1) vgirl = -2.25m/s 2) mgirl = ____
WHAT’S MORE:

Exercise 3: Types of Collision

1. TRUE 2. ____ 3. ___ 4. _____ 5. FALSE

6. ______ 7. ____ 8. ___ 9. _____ 10. FALSE

Let’s Evaluate
1. __ 2. C 3.__ 4. ___ 5.__ 6. __ 7.__ 8. __ 9. C 10.__

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VII
Division of Mandaue City
Mandaue City, Cebu

NIMFA D. BONGO Ed.D, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

ESTELA B. SUSVILLA, Ph.D, CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

JAIME P. RUELAN, Ed.D

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

ISMAELITA DESABILLE Ed.D

Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS

RUFINO T. TUDLASAN, Ed.D

Education Program Supervisor – Science

REZA P. MONDIN
Writer/Layout Artist

About the Author

The writer, Reza P. Mondin, is presently a science

teacher and a science coordinator in Labogon National
High School. She earned her degrees of Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in Physics & Mathematics
from the University of San Carlos where she graduated
Cum Laude. She had earned units in Master of Science
Education in the Cebu Technological University.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Website: https://depedmandaue.net