AWS Compute Optimizer

User Guide
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide

AWS Compute Optimizer: User Guide

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide

Table of Contents
What is Compute Optimizer? ............................................................................................................... 1
Supported resources and requirements ......................................................................................... 1
Opting in .................................................................................................................................. 1
Analyzing metrics ....................................................................................................................... 1
Enhancing recommendations ....................................................................................................... 2
Viewing findings and recommendations ........................................................................................ 2
Availability ................................................................................................................................ 2
Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 3
CloudWatch metric requirements ................................................................................................. 3
Amazon EC2 instance requirements .............................................................................................. 3
Auto Scaling group requirements ................................................................................................. 6
Amazon EBS volume requirements ............................................................................................... 7
Lambda function requirements .................................................................................................... 7
Getting started .................................................................................................................................. 8
Accounts supported by Compute Optimizer ................................................................................... 8
Required permissions .................................................................................................................. 8
Opting in your account ............................................................................................................... 9
Opting out your account ........................................................................................................... 10
Controlling access ..................................................................................................................... 11
Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted access .................................................... 11
Policy to opt in to Compute Optimizer ............................................................................... 11
Policies to grant access to Compute Optimizer for standalone AWS accounts ............................ 12
Policies to grant access to Compute Optimizer for a management account of an organization ...... 13
Policies to grant access to manage Compute Optimizer recommendation preferences ................ 14
Policy to deny access to Compute Optimizer ........................................................................ 15
Using Service-Linked Roles ........................................................................................................ 15
Service-Linked Role permissions for Compute Optimizer ....................................................... 16
Service-Linked Role permissions ......................................................................................... 16
Creating a Service-Linked Role for Compute Optimizer .......................................................... 17
Editing a Service-Linked Role for Compute Optimizer ........................................................... 17
Deleting a Service-Linked Role for Compute Optimizer .......................................................... 17
Supported Regions for Compute Optimizer Service-Linked Roles ............................................ 17
AWS managed policies .............................................................................................................. 18
AWS managed policy: ComputeOptimizerServiceRolePolicy .................................................... 18
AWS managed policy: ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess ..................................................... 19
Policy updates ................................................................................................................. 20
S3 bucket policy for Compute Optimizer ..................................................................................... 21
Using encrypted S3 buckets for your recommendations export ............................................... 21
Specifying an existing bucket for your recommendations export ............................................. 22
Additional resources ......................................................................................................... 24
Metrics analyzed .............................................................................................................................. 25
EC2 instance metrics ................................................................................................................. 25
Enabling memory utilization with the CloudWatch Agent ...................................................... 26
EBS volume metrics .................................................................................................................. 26
Lambda function metrics ........................................................................................................... 27
Activating recommendation preferences .............................................................................................. 28
Enhanced infrastructure metrics ................................................................................................. 28
Required permissions ........................................................................................................ 28
Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics .......................................................................... 28
Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics ...................................................... 36
Troubleshooting enhanced infrastructure metrics ................................................................. 36
Inferred workload type ............................................................................................................. 37
Required permissions ........................................................................................................ 37
Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature .................................................... 37

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide

AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations ........................................................................... 39

Viewing accounts and preferences ...................................................................................................... 40
Viewing recommendation preferences for a standalone account ..................................................... 40
Viewing the opt-in status of member accounts of an organization and their recommendation
preferences .............................................................................................................................. 41
Troubleshooting account opt-in and recommendation preferences .................................................. 42
Failed to create service-linked role ..................................................................................... 42
Failed to enable trusted access .......................................................................................... 42
Failed to get or update enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation preferences ............... 43
Viewing the dashboard ..................................................................................................................... 44
Savings opportunity ................................................................................................................. 44
Performance improvement opportunity ....................................................................................... 45
Findings .................................................................................................................................. 45
Findings classifications .............................................................................................................. 46
EC2 instance finding classifications ..................................................................................... 46
Auto Scaling group finding classifications ............................................................................ 47
EBS volume finding classifications ...................................................................................... 47
Lambda function finding classifications ............................................................................... 47
Viewing the dashboard ............................................................................................................. 48
Viewing resource recommendations .................................................................................................... 50
EC2 instance recommendations .................................................................................................. 50
Finding classifications ....................................................................................................... 51
Finding reasons ................................................................................................................ 51
AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations ................................................................... 54
Inferred workload types .................................................................................................... 55
Migration effort ............................................................................................................... 55
Platform differences ......................................................................................................... 55
Prices and purchasing options ............................................................................................ 56
Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity ............................................................. 57
Performance risk .............................................................................................................. 58
Current performance risk .................................................................................................. 58
Utilization graphs ............................................................................................................. 58
Viewing EC2 instances recommendations ............................................................................ 60
Viewing EC2 instance details .............................................................................................. 61
Auto Scaling group recommendations ......................................................................................... 62
Finding classifications ....................................................................................................... 62
AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations ................................................................... 63
Inferred workload types .................................................................................................... 63
Migration effort ............................................................................................................... 64
Prices and purchasing options ............................................................................................ 64
Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity ............................................................. 65
Performance risk .............................................................................................................. 65
Current performance risk .................................................................................................. 66
Utilization graphs ............................................................................................................. 66
Viewing Auto Scaling groups recommendations ................................................................... 66
Viewing Auto Scaling group details .................................................................................... 67
EBS volume recommendations ................................................................................................... 68
Finding classifications ....................................................................................................... 68
Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity ............................................................. 69
Performance risk .............................................................................................................. 69
Current performance risk .................................................................................................. 69
Utilization graphs ............................................................................................................. 69
Viewing EBS volumes recommendations .............................................................................. 70
Viewing EBS volume details ............................................................................................... 71
Lambda function recommendations ............................................................................................ 71
Finding classifications ....................................................................................................... 72
Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity ............................................................. 73

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide

Current performance risk .................................................................................................. 73

Utilization graphs ............................................................................................................. 73
Viewing Lambda function recommendations ........................................................................ 74
Viewing Lambda function details ........................................................................................ 74
Exporting recommendations .............................................................................................................. 76
Restrictions .............................................................................................................................. 76
Amazon S3 bucket permission requirements ................................................................................ 76
Exporting your recommendations ............................................................................................... 76
Viewing your export jobs .......................................................................................................... 78
Exported files .......................................................................................................................... 78
Recommendations file ....................................................................................................... 78
Metadata file ................................................................................................................. 118
Troubleshooting failed export jobs ........................................................................................... 120
Document history ........................................................................................................................... 121

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Supported resources and requirements

What is AWS Compute Optimizer?

AWS Compute Optimizer is a service that analyzes the configuration and utilization metrics of
your AWS resources. It reports whether your resources are optimal, and generates optimization
recommendations to reduce the cost and improve the performance of your workloads. Compute
Optimizer also provides graphs showing recent utilization metric history data, as well as projected
utilization for recommendations, which you can use to evaluate which recommendation provides the
best price-performance trade-off. The analysis and visualization of your usage patterns can help you
decide when to move or resize your running resources, and still meet your performance and capacity
requirements.

Compute Optimizer provides a console experience, and a set of APIs that allows you to view the findings
of the analysis and recommendations for your resources across multiple AWS Regions. You can also view
findings and recommendations across multiple accounts, if you opt in the management account of an
organization. The findings from the service are also reported in the consoles of the supported services,
such as the Amazon EC2 console.

Supported resources and requirements

Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for the following resources:

• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances

• Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes
• AWS Lambda functions

For Compute Optimizer to generate recommendations for these resources, they must meet a specific
set of requirements, and must have accumulated sufficient metric data. For more information, see
Supported resources and requirements (p. 3).

Opting in
You must opt in to have Compute Optimizer analyze your AWS resources. The service supports
standalone AWS accounts, member accounts of an organization, and the management account of an
organization. For more information, see Getting started with AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 8).

Analyzing metrics
After you opt in, Compute Optimizer begins analyzing the specifications and the utilization metrics of
your resources from Amazon CloudWatch for the last 14 days. For example, for Amazon EC2 instances,
Compute Optimizer analyzes the vCPUs, memory, storage, and other specifications. It also analyzes
the CPU utilization, network in and out, disk read and write, and other utilization metrics of currently
running instances. For more information, see Metrics analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Enhancing recommendations

Enhancing recommendations
After you opt in, you can enhance your recommendations by activating recommendation preferences,
such as the enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature. It extends the metrics analysis look-back period
for EC2 instances, including instances in Auto Scaling groups, to three months (compared to the 14-day
default). For more information, see Activating recommendation preferences (p. 28).

Viewing findings and recommendations

Optimization findings for your resources are displayed on the Compute Optimizer dashboard. For more
information, see Viewing the AWS Compute Optimizer dashboard (p. 44).

The top optimization recommendations for each of your resources are listed on the recommendations
page. The top 3 optimization recommendations and utilization graphs for a specific resource are listed
on the resource details page. For more information, see Viewing resource recommendations (p. 50).

Export your optimization recommendations to record them over time, and share the data with others.
For more information, see Exporting recommendations (p. 76).

Availability
To view the currently supported AWS Regions and endpoints for Compute Optimizer, see Compute
Optimizer Endpoints and Quotas in the AWS General Reference.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
CloudWatch metric requirements

Supported resources and

requirements
AWS Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for the following resources:

• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances

• Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes
• AWS Lambda functions

To receive recommendations, the resources must meet the following Amazon CloudWatch (CloudWatch)
metric and resource-specific requirements.

Contents
• CloudWatch metric requirements (p. 3)
• Amazon EC2 instance requirements (p. 3)
• Auto Scaling group requirements (p. 6)
• Amazon EBS volume requirements (p. 7)
• Lambda function requirements (p. 7)

CloudWatch metric requirements

To generate recommendations, Compute Optimizer requires at least 30 consecutive hours of CloudWatch
metric data from your resource.

If your resources don't have enough metric data yet, allow more time for the recommendations to start
appearing in the Compute Optimizer console. For more information about the metrics that CloudWatch
analyzes, see Metrics analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

Note
Lambda functions don't require 30 consecutive hours of metric data. For more information, see
Lambda function requirements (p. 7).

If your resources have enough metric data, but the recommendations aren't showing up, Compute
Optimizer might still be analyzing your resources. It can take up to 12 hours to complete the analysis.
After that, resource recommendations will appear in the Compute Optimizer console.

Amazon EC2 instance requirements

Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for several instance types. You can run unsupported
instance types in addition to supported types, but Compute Optimizer only generates recommendations
for supported instances. Not all instance types are available in every AWS Region in which Compute
Optimizer is available. To determine the supported Regions for each of these instance types, see Finding
an Amazon EC2 instance type in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Amazon EC2 instance requirements

The following table shows which instance types are supported by Compute Optimizer.

Instance type Supported by Compute Optimizer?

A1 No

C1 Yes

C3 Yes

C4 Yes

C5 Yes

C5a Yes

C5ad Yes

C5d Yes

C5n Yes

C6a Yes

C6g Yes

C6gd Yes

C6gn Yes

C6i Yes

D2 Yes

D3 Yes

D3en Yes

DL1 No

F1 No

G2 No

G3 No

G4ad No

G4dn No

G5 No

G5g No

H1 Yes

High memory (u-*) No

Hpc6a No

I2 Yes

I3 Yes

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Amazon EC2 instance requirements

Instance type Supported by Compute Optimizer?

I3en Yes

Im4gn Yes

Inf1 No

Is4gen Yes

M1 Yes

M2 Yes

M3 Yes

M4 Yes

M5 Yes

M5a Yes

M5ad Yes

M5d Yes

M5dn Yes

M5n Yes

M5zn Yes

M6a Yes

M6g Yes

M6gd Yes

M6i Yes

Mac1 No

P2 No

P3 No

P3dn No

P4d No

R3 Yes

R4 Yes

R5 Yes

R5a Yes

R5ad Yes

R5b Yes

R5d Yes

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Auto Scaling group requirements

Instance type Supported by Compute Optimizer?

R5dn Yes

R5n Yes

R6g Yes

R6gd Yes

R6i Yes

T1 Yes

T2 Yes

T3 Yes

T3a Yes

T4g Yes

VT1 No

X1 Yes

X1e Yes

X2gd Yes

X2idn No

X2iedn No

X2iezn No

z1d Yes

Auto Scaling group requirements

Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for Auto Scaling groups that run supported
instance types. The supported instance types are listed in the preceding Amazon EC2 instance
requirements (p. 3) section.

Additionally, the Auto Scaling groups must meet the following requirements:

• Configured to run a single instance type (no mixed instance types)

• Same values for desired, minimum, and maximum capacity (for example, an Auto Scaling group with a
fixed number of instances)
• No scaling policy attached
• No overrides configured

Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for instances in Auto Scaling groups that meet all of
these configuration requirements.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Amazon EBS volume requirements

Amazon EBS volume requirements

Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for General Purpose SSD (gp2 and gp3), and
Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 and io2) EBS volume types that are attached to an instance. It also generates
recommendations from General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes to General Purpose SSD (gp3) volumes from
the previously mentioned volume types.

Data is only reported to CloudWatch when the volume is attached to an instance. Therefore, the volume
must be attached to an instance for at least 30 consecutive hours to meet the metric data requirement
described earlier in this guide.

Lambda function requirements

Compute Optimizer generates memory size recommendations only for Lambda functions that meet the
following requirements:

• Configured memory is less than or equal to 1,792 MB

• Functions are invoked at least 50 times in the last 14 days

Functions that don't meet these requirements are given a finding of Unavailable. The reason code of
Inconclusive applies to functions that have configured memory greater than 1,792 MB. Insufficient data
applies to functions that have been invoked less than 50 times in the last 14 days.

Functions with a finding of Unavailable don't appear in the Compute Optimizer console and don't
receive recommendations.

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Accounts supported by Compute Optimizer

Getting started with AWS Compute

Optimizer
When you access the AWS Compute Optimizer console for the first time, you are asked to opt in, using
the account that you’re signed in with, before you can use the service. You can also opt in, and opt out
using the Compute Optimizer API, AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), or SDKs.

By opting in, you are authorizing Compute Optimizer to analyze the specifications and utilization metrics
of your AWS resources, such as EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups.

Accounts supported by Compute Optimizer

The following AWS account types can opt in to Compute Optimizer:

• Standalone AWS account - A standalone AWS account that does not have AWS Organizations enabled.
If you opt in to Compute Optimizer while signed in to a standalone account, the service analyzes
resources that are in the account, and generates optimization recommendations for those resources.
• Member account of an organization - An AWS account that is a member of an organization. If you opt
in to Compute Optimizer while signed in to a member account of an organization, the service analyzes
resources that are in the member account only, and generates optimization recommendations for
those resources.
• Management account of an organization - An AWS account that administers an organization. If you
opt in to Compute Optimizer while signed in to a management account of an organization, the service
gives you the option to opt in only the management account, or the management account and all
member accounts of the organization.
Important
To successfully opt in all member accounts of an organization, the organization must have all
features enabled. For more information, see Enabling All Features in Your Organization in the
AWS Organizations User Guide.
Trusted access for Compute Optimizer is automatically enabled in your organization account
when you opt in using your organization's management account and include all member
accounts within the organization. For more information, see Compute Optimizer and AWS
Organizations trusted access (p. 11).

Required permissions
You must have the appropriate permissions to opt in to Compute Optimizer, to view its
recommendations, and to opt out. For more information, see Controlling access with AWS Identity and
Access Management (p. 11).

When you opt in, Compute Optimizer automatically creates a Service-Linked Role in your account
to access its data. For more information, see Using Service-Linked Roles for AWS Compute
Optimizer (p. 15).

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Opting in your account

Opting in your account

Use the following procedure to opt in your account using the Compute Optimizer console or the AWS
CLI.
Note
If your account is already opted in but you want to opt in again to re-enable trusted access for
Compute Optimizer in your organization, then you must use the AWS CLI to opt in. Specify the
--include-member-accounts parameter when opting in with the update-enrollment-
status command. You can also enable trusted access using the AWS Organizations console, its
AWS CLI, or API. For more information, see Using AWS Organizations with other AWS services in
the AWS Organizations User Guide.

Console

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

If this is your first time using the Compute Optimizer console, the Compute Optimizer landing
page is displayed.
2. Choose Get started.
3. On the Account setup page, review the Getting started and Setting up your account sections.
4. The following options are displayed if the account that you're signed in to is a management
account of an organization. Choose one before continuing to the next step.

• Only this account - Choose this option to opt in only the account that you’re currently
signed in to. If you choose this option, Compute Optimizer analyzes resources that are in the
individual account, and generates optimization recommendations for those resources.
• All accounts within this organization - Choose this option to opt in the account you’re
currently signed in to, and all of its member accounts. If you choose this option, Compute
Optimizer analyzes resources that are in all accounts in the organization, and generates
optimization recommendations for those resources.
5. Choose Opt in. By opting in, you indicate that you agree to and understand the requirements to
opt in to Compute Optimizer.

After you opt in, you are redirected to the dashboard in the Compute Optimizer console, and the
service begins analyzing the configuration and utilization metrics of your AWS resources. For more
information, see Metrics analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).
CLI

1. Open a Terminal or Command Prompt window.

If you haven't already, install the AWS CLI and configure it to work with Compute Optimizer. For
more information, see Installing the AWS CLI and Quickly Configuring the AWS CLI in the AWS
Command Line Interface User Guide.
2. Enter one of the following commands depending on whether you want to opt in your individual
account or the management account of an organization and all its member accounts.

• To opt in your individual account:

aws compute-optimizer update-enrollment-status --status Active

• To opt in the management account of an organization and include all member accounts
within the organization:

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Opting out your account

aws compute-optimizer update-enrollment-status --status Active --include-member-

accounts

After you opt in to Compute Optimizer using the previous command, the service begins analyzing
the configuration and utilization metrics of your AWS resources. For more information, see Metrics
analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

Note
To improve the recommendation quality of Compute Optimizer, AWS may use your CloudWatch
metrics and configuration data. This includes up to three months (93 days) of metrics analysis
when you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics feature. Contact AWS Support to
request that AWS stop using your CloudWatch metrics and configuration data to improve the
recommendation quality of Compute Optimizer.

Consider the following after opting in:

• After you opt in, findings and optimization recommendations can take up to 12 hours to be generated.
Sufficient metric data must also be accumulated. For more information, see CloudWatch metric
requirements (p. 3).
• Findings and recommendations are displayed in the dashboard and recommendation pages of
the Compute Optimizer console. For more information, see Viewing the AWS Compute Optimizer
dashboard (p. 44) and Viewing resource recommendations (p. 50).
• Activate recommendation preferences, such as the enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature. It
extends the metrics analysis look-back period for EC2 instances, including instances in Auto Scaling
groups, up to three months (compared to the 14-day default). For more information, see Activating
recommendation preferences (p. 28).

Opting out your account

Use the following procedure to opt out your account from Compute Optimizer using the AWS CLI, and
delete your account's recommendations and related metrics data from Compute Optimizer. For more
information, see update-enrollment-status in the AWS CLI Command Reference. You cannot opt out using
the Compute Optimizer console.

To opt out an account

1. Open a Terminal or Command Prompt window.

If you haven't already, install the AWS CLI and configure it to work with Compute Optimizer. For
more information, see Installing the AWS CLI and Quickly Configuring the AWS CLI in the AWS
Command Line Interface User Guide.
2. Enter the following command.

aws compute-optimizer update-enrollment-status --status Inactive

Note
You cannot specify the --include-member-accounts parameter when opting out with
the update-enrollment-status command; you will receive an error message

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Controlling access

Your account is opted out of Compute Optimizer after running the previous command, and your
account's recommendations and related metrics data will be deleted from Compute Optimizer. If you
access the Compute Optimizer console, you should see the option to opt in again.

Controlling access with AWS Identity and Access

Management
You can use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to create identities (users, groups, or roles), and
then give those identities permissions to access the AWS Compute Optimizer console and APIs.

By default, IAM users do not have access to the Compute Optimizer console and APIs. You give users
access by attaching IAM policies to a single user, a group of users, or a role. For more information, see
Identities (Users, Groups, and Roles) and Overview of IAM Policies in the IAM User Guide.

After you create IAM users, you can give those users individual passwords. Then, they can sign in to your
account and view Compute Optimizer information by using an account-specific sign-in page. For more
information, see How Users Sign In to Your Account.
Important
To view recommendations for EC2 instances, an IAM user must have ec2:DescribeInstances
permission. To view recommendations for EBS volumes, an IAM user must have
ec2:DescribeVolumes permission. To view recommendations for Auto Scaling
groups, an IAM user must have autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
and autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances permission. To view
recommendations for Lambda functions, an IAM user must have lambda:ListFunctions
and lambda:ListProvisionedConcurrencyConfigs permission. To view current
CloudWatch metrics data in the Compute Optimizer console, an IAM user must have
cloudwatch:GetMetricData permissions.

If the user or group that you want to give permissions to already has a policy, you can add one of the
Compute Optimizer-specific policy statements illustrated here to that policy.

Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted

access
Trusted access for Compute Optimizer is automatically enabled in your organization account when
you opt in using your organization's management account and include all member accounts within the
organization. This allows Compute Optimizer to analyze compute resources in those member accounts,
and generate recommendations for them.

Compute Optimizer verifies that trusted access is enabled in your organization account every time you
access recommendations for member accounts. If you disable Compute Optimizer trusted access after
you opt in, Compute Optimizer will deny access to recommendations for your organization's member
accounts, and the member accounts within the organization will not be opted in to Compute Optimizer.
To re-enable trusted access, opt in to Compute Optimizer again using your organization's management
account and include all member accounts within the organization. For more information, see Opting in
your account (p. 9). For more information about AWS Organizations trusted access, see Using AWS
Organizations with other AWS services in the AWS Organizations User Guide.

Policy to opt in to Compute Optimizer

The following policy statement grants access to opt in to Compute Optimizer. It grants access to create
a service-linked role for Compute Optimizer, which is required to opt in. For more information, see
Using Service-Linked Roles for AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 15). It also grants access to update the
enrollment status to the Compute Optimizer service.

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Policies to grant access to Compute
Optimizer for standalone AWS accounts

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole",
"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/compute-
optimizer.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer*",
"Condition": {"StringLike": {"iam:AWSServiceName": "compute-
optimizer.amazonaws.com"}}
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "iam:PutRolePolicy",
"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/compute-
optimizer.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "compute-optimizer:UpdateEnrollmentStatus",
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

Policies to grant access to Compute Optimizer for

standalone AWS accounts
The following policy statement grants full access to Compute Optimizer for standalone AWS accounts.
For the policy statements to manage recommendation preferences, see Policies to grant access to
manage Compute Optimizer recommendation preferences (p. 14).

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:*",
"ec2:DescribeInstances",
"ec2:DescribeVolumes",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances",
"lambda:ListFunctions",
"lambda:ListProvisionedConcurrencyConfigs",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

The following policy statement grants read-only access to Compute Optimizer for standalone AWS
accounts.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Policies to grant access to Compute Optimizer
for a management account of an organization

"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:GetEnrollmentStatus",
"compute-optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationSummaries",
"compute-optimizer:GetEC2InstanceRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEC2RecommendationProjectedMetrics",
"compute-optimizer:GetAutoScalingGroupRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEBSVolumeRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetLambdaFunctionRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:DescribeRecommendationExportJobs",
"compute-optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences",
"ec2:DescribeInstances",
"ec2:DescribeVolumes",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances",
"lambda:ListFunctions",
"lambda:ListProvisionedConcurrencyConfigs",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

Policies to grant access to Compute Optimizer for a

management account of an organization
The following policy statement grants full access to Compute Optimizer for a management account of
an organization.For the policy statements to manage recommendation preferences, see Policies to grant
access to manage Compute Optimizer recommendation preferences (p. 14).

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:*",
"ec2:DescribeInstances",
"ec2:DescribeVolumes",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances",
"lambda:ListFunctions",
"lambda:ListProvisionedConcurrencyConfigs",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
"organizations:ListAccounts",
"organizations:DescribeOrganization",
"organizations:DescribeAccount",
"organizations:EnableAWSServiceAccess",
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

The following policy statement grants read-only access to Compute Optimizer for a management
account of an organization.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Policies to grant access to manage Compute
Optimizer recommendation preferences

"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:GetEnrollmentStatus",
"compute-optimizer:GetEnrollmentStatusesForOrganization",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationSummaries",
"compute-optimizer:GetEC2InstanceRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEC2RecommendationProjectedMetrics",
"compute-optimizer:GetAutoScalingGroupRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEBSVolumeRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetLambdaFunctionRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences",
"ec2:DescribeInstances",
"ec2:DescribeVolumes",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances",
"lambda:ListFunctions",
"lambda:ListProvisionedConcurrencyConfigs",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
"organizations:ListAccounts",
"organizations:DescribeOrganization",
"organizations:DescribeAccount"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

Policies to grant access to manage Compute

Optimizer recommendation preferences
The following policy statements grant access to view and edit recommendation preferences, such as the
enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature. For more information, see Activating recommendation
preferences (p. 28).

Grant access to manage recommendation preferences for EC2 instances only

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:DeleteRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:PutRecommendationPreferences"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Condition" : {
"StringEquals" : {
"compute-optimizer:ResourceType" : "Ec2Instance"
}
}
}
]
}

14
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Policy to deny access to Compute Optimizer

Grant access to manage recommendation preferences for Auto Scaling groups only

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:DeleteRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:PutRecommendationPreferences"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Condition" : {
"StringEquals" : {
"compute-optimizer:ResourceType" : "AutoScalingGroup"
}
}
}
]
}

Policy to deny access to Compute Optimizer

The following policy statement denies access to Compute Optimizer.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "compute-optimizer:*",
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

Using Service-Linked Roles for AWS Compute

Optimizer
AWS Compute Optimizer uses AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) service-linked roles. A service-
linked role is a unique type of IAM role that is linked directly to Compute Optimizer. Service-linked roles
are predefined by Compute Optimizer and include all of the permissions that the service requires to call
other AWS services on your behalf.

A service-linked role makes setting up Compute Optimizer easier because you don’t have to manually
add the necessary permissions. Compute Optimizer defines the permissions of its service-linked roles,
and unless defined otherwise, only Compute Optimizer can assume its roles. The defined permissions
include the trust policy and the permissions policy, and that permissions policy cannot be attached to
any other IAM entity.

For information about other services that support service-linked roles, see AWS Services That Work with
IAM and look for the services that have Yes in the Service-Linked Role column. Choose a Yes with a link
to view the service-linked role documentation for that service.

15
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Service-Linked Role permissions for Compute Optimizer

Service-Linked Role permissions for Compute

Optimizer
Compute Optimizer uses the service-linked role named AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer – Role to
access Amazon CloudWatch metrics for AWS resources in the account.

The AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer service-linked role trusts the following services to assume the
role:

• compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com

The role permissions policy allows Compute Optimizer to complete the following actions on the
specified resources:

• Action: cloudwatch:GetMetricData on all AWS resources.

• Action: organizations:DescribeOrganization on all AWS resources.
• Action: organizations:ListAccounts on all AWS resources.
• Action: organizations:ListAWSServiceAccessForOrganization on all AWS resources.

Service-Linked Role permissions

You must configure permissions to allow an IAM entity (such as a user, group, or role) to create a service-
linked role for Compute Optimizer. For more information, see Service-Linked Role Permissions in the IAM
User Guide.

To allow an IAM entity to create a specific service-linked role for Compute Optimizer

Add the following policy to the IAM entity that needs to create the service-linked role.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole",
"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/compute-
optimizer.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer*",
"Condition": {"StringLike": {"iam:AWSServiceName": "compute-
optimizer.amazonaws.com"}}
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "iam:PutRolePolicy",
"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/compute-
optimizer.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "compute-optimizer:UpdateEnrollmentStatus",
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

To allow an IAM entity to create any service-linked role

16
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Creating a Service-Linked Role for Compute Optimizer

Add the following statement to the permissions policy for the IAM entity that needs to create a service-
linked role, or any service role that includes the needed policies. This policy attaches a policy to the role.

{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole",
"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/*"
}

Creating a Service-Linked Role for Compute

Optimizer
You don't need to manually create a service-linked role. When you opt in to the Compute Optimizer
service in the AWS Management Console, the AWS CLI, or the AWS API, Compute Optimizer creates the
service-linked role for you.
Important
This service-linked role can appear in your account if you completed an action in another service
that uses the features supported by this role. For more information, see A New Role Appeared in
My IAM Account.

If you delete this service-linked role, and then need to create it again, you can use the same process
to recreate the role in your account. When you opt in to the Compute Optimizer service, Compute
Optimizer creates the service-linked role for you again.

Editing a Service-Linked Role for Compute Optimizer

Compute Optimizer does not allow you to edit the AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer service-linked
role. After you create a service-linked role, you cannot change the name of the role because various
entities might reference the role. However, you can edit the description of the role using IAM. For more
information, see Editing a Service-Linked Role in the IAM User Guide.

Deleting a Service-Linked Role for Compute

Optimizer
We recommend that you delete the AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer service-linked role if you no
longer need to use Compute Optimizer. That way you don’t have an unused entity that is not actively
monitored or maintained. However, you must opt out of Compute Optimizer before you can manually
delete the service-linked role.

To opt out of Compute Optimizer

For information about opting out of Compute Optimizer, see Opting out your account (p. 10).

To manually delete the service-linked role using IAM

Use the IAM console, the AWS CLI, or the AWS API to delete the AWSServiceRoleForComputeOptimizer
service-linked role. For more information, see Deleting a Service-Linked Role in the IAM User Guide.

Supported Regions for Compute Optimizer Service-

Linked Roles
Compute Optimizer supports using service-linked roles in all of the Regions where the service is
available. To view the currently supported AWS Regions and endpoints for Compute Optimizer, see
Compute Optimizer Endpoints and Quotas in the AWS General Reference.

17
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
AWS managed policies

AWS managed policies for AWS Compute

Optimizer
To add permissions to users, groups, and roles, it is easier to use AWS managed policies than to write
policies yourself. It takes time and expertise to create IAM customer managed policies that provide your
team with only the permissions they need. To get started quickly, you can use our AWS managed policies.
These policies cover common use cases and are available in your AWS account. For more information
about AWS managed policies, see AWS managed policies in the IAM User Guide.

AWS services maintain and update AWS managed policies. You can't change the permissions in AWS
managed policies. Services occasionally add additional permissions to an AWS managed policy to
support new features. This type of update affects all identities (users, groups, and roles) where the policy
is attached. Services are most likely to update an AWS managed policy when a new feature is launched
or when new operations become available. Services do not remove permissions from an AWS managed
policy, so policy updates won't break your existing permissions.

Additionally, AWS supports managed policies for job functions that span multiple services. For example,
the ReadOnlyAccess AWS managed policy provides read-only access to all AWS services and resources.
When a service launches a new feature, AWS adds read-only permissions for new operations and
resources. For a list and descriptions of job function policies, see AWS managed policies for job functions
in the IAM User Guide.

AWS managed policy:

ComputeOptimizerServiceRolePolicy
You can't attach ComputeOptimizerServiceRolePolicy to your IAM entities. This policy is attached
to a service-linked role that allows Compute Optimizer to perform actions on your behalf. For more
information, see Using Service-Linked Roles for AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 15).

Permissions details

This policy includes the following permissions.

• compute-optimizer – Grants full administrative permissions to all resources in Compute Optimizer.

• organizations – Allows the management account of an AWS organization to opt in member
accounts of the organization to Compute Optimizer.
• cloudwatch – Grants access to CloudWatch resource metrics for the purpose of analyzing them and
generating Compute Optimizer resource recommendations.
• autoscaling – Grants access to Auto Scaling groups and the instances in Auto Scaling groups for
validation purposes.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "ComputeOptimizerFullAccess",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:*"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{

18
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
AWS managed policy: ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess

"Sid": "AwsOrgsAccess",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"organizations:DescribeOrganization",
"organizations:ListAccounts",
"organizations:ListAWSServiceAccessForOrganization"
],
"Resource": [
"*"
]
},
{
"Sid": "CloudWatchAccess",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Sid": "AutoScalingAccess",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

AWS managed policy:

ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess
You can attach the ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess policy to your IAM identities.

This policy grants read-only permissions that allow users to view Compute Optimizer resource
recommendations.

Permissions details

This policy includes the following permissions.

• compute-optimizer – Grants read-only access to Compute Optimizer resource recommendations.

• ec2 – Grants read-only access to Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon EBS volumes.
• autoscaling – Grants read-only access to Auto Scaling groups.
• lambda – Grants read-only access to AWS Lambda functions and their configurations.
• cloudwatch – Grants read-only access to Amazon CloudWatch metric data for resource types
supported by Compute Optimizer.
• organizations – Grants read-only access to member accounts of an AWS organization.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"compute-optimizer:DescribeRecommendationExportJobs",

19
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Policy updates

"compute-optimizer:GetEnrollmentStatus",
"compute-optimizer:GetEnrollmentStatusesForOrganization",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationSummaries",
"compute-optimizer:GetEC2InstanceRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEC2RecommendationProjectedMetrics",
"compute-optimizer:GetAutoScalingGroupRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetEBSVolumeRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetLambdaFunctionRecommendations",
"compute-optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences",
"compute-optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences",
"ec2:DescribeInstances",
"ec2:DescribeVolumes",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
"autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances",
"lambda:ListFunctions",
"lambda:ListProvisionedConcurrencyConfigs",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
"organizations:ListAccounts",
"organizations:DescribeOrganization",
"organizations:DescribeAccount"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

Compute Optimizer updates to AWS managed

policies
View details about updates to AWS managed policies for Compute Optimizer since this service began
tracking these changes. For automatic alerts about changes to this page, subscribe to the RSS feed for
this guide.

Change Description Date

Edit to the Added the November 29, 2021

ComputeOptimizerServiceRolePolicy
autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances
managed policies and
autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
actions to the
ComputeOptimizerServiceRolePolicy
managed policy.

Edit to the Added the compute- November 29, 2021

ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess
optimizer:GetRecommendationPreferences,
managed policies compute-
optimizer:GetEffectiveRecommendationPreferences,
and
autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingInstances
actions to the
ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess
managed policy.

Edit to the Added the August 26, 2021

ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess
GetEnrollmentStatusesForOrganization
managed policy action to the
ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess
managed policy.

20
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
S3 bucket policy for Compute Optimizer

Change Description Date

Compute Optimizer started Compute Optimizer started May 18, 2021

tracking changes tracking changes for its AWS
managed policies.

Amazon S3 bucket policy for AWS Compute

Optimizer
You can export your Compute Optimizer recommendations in a comma-separated values (.csv) file, and
its metadata in a JavaScript Object Notation (.json) file, to an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon
S3) bucket. For more information, see Exporting recommendations (p. 76).

You must create the destination S3 bucket for your recommendations export before you create the
export job. Compute Optimizer does not create the S3 bucket for you. The S3 bucket that you specify
for your recommendations export files cannot be publicly accessible, and cannot be configured as a
Requester Pays bucket.

As a best practice, create a dedicated S3 bucket for Compute Optimizer export files. For more
information, see How Do I Create an S3 Bucket? in the Amazon S3 Console User Guide. After you create
the S3 bucket, confirm that it has the required permissions policy to allow Compute Optimizer to write
the export files to it. For more information, see Specifying an existing bucket for your recommendations
export (p. 22).

Using encrypted S3 buckets for your

recommendations export
For the destination of your Compute Optimizer recommendations exports, you can specify S3 buckets
that are encrypted with either Amazon S3-Managed Keys (SSE-S3) or AWS KMS keys stored in AWS Key
Management Service (AWS KMS).

You must create a symmetric KMS key to use an S3 bucket with AWS KMS encryption enabled.
Symmetric KMS keys are the only KMS keys supported by Amazon S3. For more information, see Creating
keys in the AWS KMS Developer Guide. After you create the KMS key, you must apply it to the S3 bucket
that you plan to use for your recommendations export. For more information, see Enabling Amazon S3
default bucket encryption in the Amazon Simple Storage Service User Guide.

Use the following procedure to grant Compute Optimizer the required permission to use your KMS key to
encrypt your recommendations export file when saving it to your encrypted S3 bucket.

1. Open the AWS KMS console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/kms.

2. To change the AWS Region, use the Region selector in the upper-right corner of the page.
3. In the left navigation menu, choose Customer managed keys.
4. Choose the name of the KMS key that you used to encrypt the export S3 bucket.
5. Choose the Key policy tab, then choose Switch to policy view.
6. Choose Edit to edit the key policy.
7. Copy and paste one of the following policies into the statements section of the key policy. Replace
myRegion with the source AWS Region, and myAccountID with the account number of the
requester of the export job.

The statement (for the GenerateDataKey action) allows Compute Optimizer to call the AWS KMS
API to obtain the data key for encrypting the recommendation files. In this way, the uploaded data

21
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Specifying an existing bucket for
your recommendations export

format can accommodate the bucket encryption setting. Otherwise, Amazon S3 will reject the
export request.
Note
If the existing KMS key already has one or more policies attached, add the statements for
Compute Optimizer access to those policies. Evaluate the resulting set of permissions to be
sure that they are appropriate for the users who will access the KMS key.

• Use the following policy if you have not enabled Amazon S3 Bucket Keys.

{
"Sid": "Allow use of the key to Compute Optimizer",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {
"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"
},
"Action": "kms:GenerateDataKey",
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"aws:SourceAccount": "myAccountID",
"aws:SourceArn": "arn:aws:compute-
optimizer:myRegion:myAccountID:*"
}
}
}

• Use the following policy if you have enabled Amazon S3 Bucket Keys. For more information, see
Reducing the cost of SSE-KMS with Amazon S3 Bucket Keys in the Amazon Simple Storage Service
User Guide.

{
"Sid": "Allow use of the key to Compute Optimizer",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {
"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"
},
"Action": [
"kms:GenerateDataKey",
"kms:Decrypt"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"aws:SourceAccount": "myAccountID",
"aws:SourceArn": "arn:aws:compute-
optimizer:myRegion:myAccountID:*"
}
}
}

Specifying an existing bucket for your

recommendations export
Use the following procedure to add a policy to your S3 bucket that allows Compute Optimizer to write
recommendations export files to your bucket.

1. Open the Amazon S3 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/s3/.

2. Choose the bucket where you want Compute Optimizer to deliver your export files.

22
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Specifying an existing bucket for
your recommendations export

3. Choose Permissions.
4. Choose Bucket Policy.
5. Copy the following policy, and paste it into the Bucket Policy Editor text box.

Replace myBucketName with the name of your bucket, optionalPrefix with the optional
object prefix, myRegion with the source AWS Region, and myAccountID with the account number
of the requester of the export job. If you plan to specify an object prefix when you create your
recommendations export, include it in the policy. The object prefix is an optional addition to the S3
object key that organizes your export files in your S3 bucket.

You must copy and paste this policy to include all three statements. The first statement (for the
GetBucketAcl action) allows Compute Optimizer to get the access control list (ACL) of your bucket.
The second statement (for the GetBucketPolicyStatus action) allows Compute Optimizer to get
the policy status of your bucket, indicating whether the bucket is public. The third statement (for
the PutObject action) gives Compute Optimizer full control to put the export file in your bucket.
Your export request will fail if any of these statements is missing, or if the bucket name and optional
object prefix in the policy don't match what you specify in your export request. It will also fail if the
account number in the policy doesn't match the account number of the requester of the export job.
Note
If the existing bucket already has one or more policies attached, add the statements
for Compute Optimizer access to that policy or policies. Evaluate the resulting set of
permissions to be sure that they are appropriate for the users who will access the bucket.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "s3:GetBucketAcl",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::myBucketName"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "s3:GetBucketPolicyStatus",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::myBucketName"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "s3:PutObject",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::myBucketName/optionalPrefix/compute-
optimizer/myAccountID/*",
"Condition": {"StringEquals": {
"s3:x-amz-acl": "bucket-owner-full-control",
"aws:SourceAccount": "myAccountID",
"aws:SourceArn": "arn:aws:compute-optimizer:myRegion:myAccountID:*"
}
}
}
]
}

If you don't want to specify an object prefix, use the following policy instead.

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{

23
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Additional resources

"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "s3:GetBucketAcl",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::myBucketName"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "s3:GetBucketPolicyStatus",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::myBucketName"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "compute-optimizer.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "s3:PutObject",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::myBucketName/compute-optimizer/myAccountID/*",
"Condition": {"StringEquals": {
"s3:x-amz-acl": "bucket-owner-full-control",
"aws:SourceAccount": "myAccountID",
"aws:SourceArn": "arn:aws:compute-optimizer:myRegion:myAccountID:*"
}
}
}
]
}

Additional resources
For more information about S3 buckets and policies, see the Amazon Simple Storage Service User Guide.

24
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
EC2 instance metrics

Metrics analyzed by AWS Compute

Optimizer
After you opt in (p. 8), AWS Compute Optimizer begins analyzing the specifications (vCPUs, memory,
storage, and so on) and the CloudWatch metrics of your running resources from a period of the last 14
days or longer if you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation preference (p. 28).
Compute Optimizer requires at least 30 consecutive hours of metrics data from your resource to generate
recommendations. After the analysis is complete, which can take up to 12 hours, Compute Optimizer
presents its findings on the dashboard page. For more information, see Viewing the AWS Compute
Optimizer dashboard (p. 44).

Contents
• EC2 instance metrics (p. 25)
• EBS volume metrics (p. 26)
• Lambda function metrics (p. 27)

EC2 instance metrics

Compute Optimizer analyzes the following CloudWatch metrics of your EC2 instances, including
instances that are part of Auto Scaling groups.

Metric Description

CPUutilization The percentage of allocated EC2 compute units that are in use on
the instance. This metric identifies the processing power required to
run an application on an instance.

Memory utilization The amount of memory that has been used in some way during the
sample period. This metric identifies the memory required to run an
application on an instance.

Memory utilization is analyzed only for resources that have

the unified CloudWatch agent installed on them. For more
information, see Enabling memory utilization with the CloudWatch
Agent (p. 26).

NetworkIn The number of bytes received on all network interfaces by the

instance. This metric identifies the volume of incoming network
traffic to an instance.

NetworkOut The number of bytes sent out on all network interfaces by the
instance. This metric identifies the volume of outgoing network
traffic from an instance.

NetworkPacketsIn The number of packets received by the instance.

NetworkPacketsOut The number of packets sent out by the instance.

DiskReadOps The read operations per second of the instance store volume of the
instance.

25
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Enabling memory utilization with the CloudWatch Agent

Metric Description

DiskWriteOps The write operations per second of the instance store volume of the
instance.

DiskReadBytes The read bytes per second of the instance store volume of the
instance.

DiskWriteBytes The write bytes per second of the instance store volume of the
instance.

VolumeReadBytes The read bytes per second of EBS volumes attached to the instance.
Displayed as KiB/seconds in the console.

VolumeWriteBytes The write bytes per second of EBS volumes attached to the
instance. Displayed as KiB/seconds in the console.

VolumeReadOps The read operations per second of EBS volumes attached to the
instance.

VolumeWriteOps The write operations per second of EBS volumes attached to the
instance.

For more information about instance metrics, see List the available CloudWatch metrics for your
instances in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide. For more information about EBS volume
metrics, see Amazon CloudWatch metrics for Amazon EBS in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User
Guide.

Enabling memory utilization with the CloudWatch

Agent
Install the CloudWatch agent on your instances to have Compute Optimizer analyze the memory
utilization of your instances. Enabling Compute Optimizer to analyze memory utilization data for your
instances provides an additional measurement of data that further improves the recommendations
provided by the service. For more information about installing the CloudWatch agent, see Collecting
Metrics and Logs from Amazon EC2 Instances and On-Premises Servers with the CloudWatch Agent in
the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.

On Linux instances, Compute Optimizer analyses the mem_used_percent metric in the CWAgent
namespace, or the legacy MemoryUtilization metric in the System/Linux namespace. On Windows
instances, Compute Optimizer analyses the Memory % Committed Bytes In Use metric in the
CWAgent namespace. Additionally, the namespace must contain the InstanceId dimension. Compute
Optimizer will not be able to collect memory utilization data for your instance if the InstanceId
dimension is missing, or if you overwrite it with your own custom dimension name. Namespaces and
dimensions are defined in the CloudWatch Agent configuration file. For more information, see Create the
CloudWatch Agent Configuration File in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.

EBS volume metrics

Compute Optimizer analyzes the following CloudWatch metrics of your EBS volumes.

Metric Description

VolumeReadBytes The read bytes per second of the EBS volume.

26
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Lambda function metrics

Metric Description

VolumeWriteBytes The write bytes per second of the EBS volume.

VolumeReadOps The read operations per second of the EBS volume.

VolumeWriteOps The write operations per second of the EBS volume.

For more information about these metrics, see Amazon CloudWatch metrics for Amazon EBS in the
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide.

Lambda function metrics

Compute Optimizer analyzes the following CloudWatch metrics of your Lambda functions.

Metric Description

Invocations The number of times your function code is executed, including

successful executions and executions that result in a function error.

Duration The amount of time that your function code spends processing an
event.

Errors The number of invocations that result in a function error. Function

errors include exceptions thrown by your code and exceptions
thrown by the Lambda runtime. The runtime returns errors for
issues such as timeouts and configuration errors.

Throttles The number of invocation requests that are throttled.

For more information about these metrics, see Working with AWS Lambda function metrics in the AWS
Lambda Developer Guide.

In addition to these metrics, Compute Optimizer analyzes the memory utilization of your function
during the look-back period. For more information about memory utilization for Lambda functions, see
Understanding AWS Lambda behavior using Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights in the AWS Management
& Governance Blog and Using Lambda Insights in CloudWatch in the AWS Lambda Developer Guide.

27
 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Enhanced infrastructure metrics

Activating recommendation
preferences
Recommendation preferences are features that you can activate to enhance or augment the
recommendations that Compute Optimizer generates for your resources. Following are the features that
are currently available as recommendation preferences in Compute Optimizer.

• Enhanced infrastructure metrics - Extends the utilization metrics analysis look-back period up to
three months (93 days) for Amazon EC2 instances, including instances that are part of Auto Scaling
groups. Enhanced infrastructure metrics is a paid feature. For more information, see Enhanced
infrastructure metrics (p. 28).
• Inferred workload type - Infers the applications that might be running on your AWS resources, such
as EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups. This helps with identifying the effort to migrate your
workloads from x86-based instance types to Arm-based AWS Graviton instance types. For more
information, see Inferred workload type (p. 37).
• AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations - Gives you the price and performance impact of
running your workload on AWS Graviton-based instances. For more information, see AWS Graviton-
based instance recommendations (p. 39).

Enhanced infrastructure metrics

Enhanced infrastructure metrics is a paid feature of Compute Optimizer that applies to Amazon EC2
instances, including instances that are part of Auto Scaling groups. It's a recommendation preference
that extends the utilization metrics analysis look-back period up to three months (93 days), compared
to the 14-day default. This allows Compute Optimizer to analyze a longer history of utilization metrics
data. Enhanced infrastructure metrics is inactive by default and must be activated manually. For more
information about pricing for this feature, see Compute Optimizer pricing.

Contents
• Required permissions (p. 28)
• Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 28)
• Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 36)
• Troubleshooting enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 36)

Required permissions
You must have the appropriate permissions to activate and deactivate enhanced infrastructure metrics.
For more information, see Policies to grant access to manage Compute Optimizer recommendation
preferences (p. 14).

Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

You can activate enhanced infrastructure metrics using the Compute Optimizer console, AWS Command
Line Interface (AWS CLI), and AWS SDKs. In the console, you can activate the feature in the following
three areas, with each providing a different level of activation.

• Resource-level recommendation preferences - In the Resource details page, you can activate
enhanced infrastructure metrics for the individual resource that you're viewing. For example, the

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

Instance details page for an individual EC2 instance provides the option to activate the enhanced
infrastructure metrics feature only for that EC2 instance. For more information, see Activating
enhanced infrastructure metrics at the resource level (p. 29) later in this guide.
Note
Resource-level preferences override account-level preferences, and account-level preferences
override organization-level preferences. For an EC2 instance that is part of an Auto Scaling
group, the Auto Scaling group recommendation preference overrides that of the individual
instance.
• Account-level recommendation preferences - In the Account page for an individual account, you can
activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics feature for all EC2 instances in the account that meet
your resource type and AWS Region criteria. EC2 instance preferences at the account level apply to
standalone instances and instances that are part of Auto Scaling groups. For more information, see
Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics at the account level (p. 31) later in this guide.
• Organization-level recommendation preferences - In the Account page for the management account
of an organization, you can activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics feature for all resources in
all member accounts of the organization that meet your resource type and AWS Region criteria. EC2
instance preferences at the organization level apply to standalone instances and instances that are
part of Auto Scaling groups in all member accounts. For more information, see Activating enhanced
infrastructure metrics at the organization level (p. 33) later in this guide.

After you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics feature, Compute Optimizer will apply the
preference the next time recommendations are refreshed, which can take up to 24 hours. To confirm
if your resource recommendations are taking enhanced infrastructure metrics into consideration, see
Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 36).
Note
To improve the recommendation quality of Compute Optimizer, AWS may use your CloudWatch
metrics and configuration data. This includes up to three months (93 days) of metrics analysis
when you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics feature. Contact AWS Support to
request that AWS stop using your CloudWatch metrics and configuration data to improve the
recommendation quality of Compute Optimizer.

Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics at the resource level

Use the following procedure to activate or deactivate enhanced infrastructure metrics at the resource
level. Recommendation preferences activated at the resource level apply only to the individual resource.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. On the Dashboard page of the Compute Optimizer console, complete one of the following
steps depending on the resource type for which you want to activate or deactivate enhanced
infrastructure metrics.

• Choose View recommendations for EC2 instances if you want to activate the feature for an
individual Amazon EC2 instance.
• Choose View recommendations for Auto Scaling groups if you want to activate the feature for an
individual Auto Scaling group.
Note
For an EC2 instance that is part of an Auto Scaling group, the Auto Scaling group
recommendation preference overrides that of the individual instance.
3. In the Resource recommendations page that appears, either for Amazon EC2 instances or for
Auto Scaling groups, choose the resource for which you want to activate or deactivate enhanced
infrastructure metrics.
4. In the Resource details page that appears, choose Edit in the Recommendation preferences section
of the page.

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

Enhanced infrastructure metrics is checked if the feature is currently activated for the resource that
you're viewing. The option is unchecked if it is not currently activated.
5. Select the enhanced infrastructure metrics feature to activate it, or clear it to deactivate it.

6. Choose Save to save the updated recommendation preference for the individual resource.
Note
Saving the preference initiates metering for enhanced infrastructure metrics for the
individual resource. For more information about pricing for this feature, see Compute
Optimizer pricing.

Compute Optimizer will consider updated preferences the next time it generates recommendations. Until
then, a pending status is affixed to your updated preference (for example, Active-pending or Inactive-
pending). To confirm if your resource recommendations are taking enhanced infrastructure metrics into
consideration, see Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 36).

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics at the account level

Use the following procedure to activate or deactivate enhanced infrastructure metrics at the account
level. Recommendation preferences created at the account level apply to all resources within the account
that meet your resource type and AWS Region criteria.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Accounts in the navigation pane.

If you're signed in to the management account of the organization, the Accounts page lists all
member accounts of the organization and recommendation preferences as shown in the following
example. If you're signed in to a standalone account, the page lists only the recommendation
preferences for your account.

3. If you're signed in to the management account of an organization, choose the account for which you
want to activate enhanced infrastructure metrics. Then choose View preferences. If you're signed in
to a standalone account, skip to the next step (step 4) of this procedure.

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

4. The Recommendation preferences section of the page lists the current preferences for the
individual account, if any. Choose Edit in the Recommendation preferences section of the page.

5. Complete one of the following steps:

• To activate enhanced infrastructure metrics for a resource type in a specific AWS Region, choose
the resource type in the Resource type dropdown menu, choose the AWS Region in the Region
dropdown menu, and select the Activate option.
Note
The EC2 instance option encompasses all EC2 resources, inclusive of standalone instances
and instances that are part of Auto Scaling groups. The Auto Scaling group option
encompasses only instances that are part of Auto Scaling groups, and not standalone
instances.

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

• To deactivate enhanced infrastructure metrics for a resource type in a specific AWS Region, clear
the Activate option for the preference you want to deactivate.

6. Choose Save to save the updated recommendation preference for the account.
Note
Saving the preference initiates metering for enhanced infrastructure metrics for all
resources of the selected resource type in the selected Region and in the selected account.
For more information about pricing for this feature, see Compute Optimizer pricing.

Compute Optimizer will consider updated preferences the next time it generates recommendations. Until
then, a pending status is affixed to your update preference (for example, Active-pending or Inactive-
pending). To confirm if your resource recommendations are taking enhanced infrastructure metrics into
consideration, see Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 36).

Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics at the organization

level
Use the following procedure to activate or deactivate enhanced infrastructure metrics at the
organization level. Recommendation preferences created at the organization level apply to all resources
within all member accounts of the organization that meet your resource type and AWS Region criteria

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

Note
This option is available only to management accounts of an organization who opted member
accounts in to Compute Optimizer.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Accounts in the navigation pane.

The Accounts page lists all member accounts of the organization if you're signed in to the
management account of the organization. The Recommendation preferences section of the page
lists the preferences that are activated for all accounts in the organization, if any.

3. Choose Edit in the Recommendation preferences section of the page.

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Activating enhanced infrastructure metrics

4. Complete one of the following steps:

• To activate enhanced infrastructure metrics for a specific resource type in an AWS Region, choose
the resource type in the Resource type dropdown menu, choose the Region in the AWS Region
dropdown menu, and select the Active option.

• To deactivate the feature for a specific resource type in an AWS Region, clear the Active option for
the preference you want to deactivate.

5. Choose Save to save the updated recommendation preference for all accounts in the organization.

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Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics

Note
Saving the preference initiates metering for enhanced infrastructure metrics for all
resources of the selected resource type in the selected Region and in all member accounts
of the organization. For more information about pricing for this feature, see Compute
Optimizer pricing.

Compute Optimizer will consider updated preferences the next time it generates recommendations. Until
then, a pending status is affixed to your update preference (for example, Active-pending or Inactive-
pending). To confirm if your resource recommendations are taking enhanced infrastructure metrics into
consideration, see Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 36).

Confirming the status of enhanced infrastructure

metrics
After you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation preference, Compute Optimizer
will apply the preference the next time recommendations are refreshed, which can take up to 24 hours.
The Effective enhanced infrastructure metrics column in the Resource Recommendations page confirms
if the recommendations listed are taking the three-month look-back period into consideration. An Active
status confirms the recommendation listed is considering the longer look-back period. An Inactive status
confirms the recommendation is not yet considering the longer look-back period.

Troubleshooting enhanced infrastructure metrics

Following are the issues you might experience with enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation
preferences and what you can do to mitigate the problem.

Failed to get or update enhanced infrastructure metrics

recommendation preferences
Description

A banner is displayed that indicates that the Compute Optimizer console could not get or update
enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation preferences.

Cause

You might not have the permissions required to view or update recommendation preferences.

Solution

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Inferred workload type

Add the required permissions to the user who will view or edit recommendation preferences. For
more information, see Policies to grant access to manage Compute Optimizer recommendation
preferences (p. 14).

Inferred workload type

Inferred workload type is a no-charge feature of AWS Compute Optimizer that infers the applications
that might be running on your AWS resources, such as EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups. It does
this by analyzing the attributes of your resources, such as resource names, tags, and configuration.
Compute Optimizer can currently infer if your instances are running Amazon EMR, Apache Cassandra,
Apache Hadoop, Memcached, NGINX, PostgreSQL, or Redis. By inferring the applications running on
your instances, Compute Optimizer can identify the effort to migrate your workloads from x86-based
instance types to Arm-based AWS Graviton instances types. The inferred workload type feature is active
by default, but you can create a recommendation preference to deactivate the feature.

The inferred workload types and migration effort are listed in the Inferred workload types and
Migration effort columns of the EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups recommendations pages. For
more information, see Viewing EC2 instance recommendations (p. 50) and Viewing Auto Scaling
group recommendations (p. 62).

Contents
• Required permissions (p. 37)
• Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature (p. 37)

Required permissions
You must have the appropriate permissions to manage the status of the inferred workload type feature.
For more information, see Policies to grant access to manage Compute Optimizer recommendation
preferences (p. 14).

Managing the status of the inferred workload type

feature
The inferred workload type feature is active by default. However, you can create a recommendation
preference to deactivate it. You can do that by using the Compute Optimizer console, AWS Command
Line Interface (AWS CLI), and AWS SDKs. In the console, you can deactivate the feature in the following
areas, with each providing a different level of deactivation.

• Account-level recommendation preferences - In the Account page for an individual account, you can
deactivate the inferred workload type feature for all AWS resources in the account that meet your AWS
Region criteria. For more information, see Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature
at the account level (p. 38) later in this guide.
• Organization-level recommendation preferences - In the Account page for the management account
of an organization, you can deactivate the inferred workload type feature for all resources in all
member accounts of the organization that meet your AWS Region criteria. For more information, see
Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature at the organization level (p. 38) later in
this guide.

After you deactivate the inferred workload type feature, Compute Optimizer will stop inferring workload
types the next time recommendations are refreshed. This can take up to 24 hours.

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Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature

Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature at

the account level
Use the following procedure to manage the status of the inferred workload type feature at the account
level. Recommendation preferences created at the account level apply to all resources within the account
that meet your AWS Region criteria.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Accounts in the navigation pane.

If you're signed in to the management account of the organization, the Accounts page lists all
member accounts of the organization and recommendation preferences. If you're signed in to a
standalone account, the page lists only the recommendation preferences for your account.
3. If you're signed in to the management account of an organization, choose the account for which you
want to manage the status of the inferred workload type feature. Then, choose View preferences. If
you're signed in to a standalone account, skip to the step 4 of this procedure.
4. The Recommendation preferences section of the page lists the current preferences for the
individual account, if any. Choose Edit in the Recommendation preferences section of the page.
5. Complete one of the following steps:

• To deactivate inferred workload type in a specific AWS Region, choose the AWS Region in the
Region dropdown menu, and then clear the Activate option.
• To activate inferred workload type in a specific AWS Region that you had previously deactivated,
select the Activate option.
6. Choose Save to save the updated recommendation preference for the account.

Managing the status of the inferred workload type feature at

the organization level
Use the following procedure to manage the status of the inferred workload type feature at the
organization level. Recommendation preferences created at the organization level apply to all resources
within all member accounts of the organization that meet your AWS Region criteria.
Note
This option is available only to the management accounts of an organization that opted
member accounts in to Compute Optimizer.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Accounts in the navigation pane.

If you're signed in to the management account of the organization, the Accounts page lists all
member accounts of the organization. The Recommendation preferences section of the page lists
the preferences that are activated for all accounts in the organization, if any.
3. Choose Edit in the Recommendation preferences section of the page.
4. Complete one of the following steps:

• To deactivate inferred workload type in a specific AWS Region, choose the Region in the AWS
Region dropdown menu, and then clear the Active option.
• To activate inferred workload type in a specific AWS Region that you had previously deactivated,
select the Activate option.
5. Choose Save to save the updated recommendation preference for all accounts in the organization.

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AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations

AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations

When viewing Amazon EC2 instance and Auto Scaling group recommendations, you can view the
price and performance impact of running your workload on AWS Graviton-based instances. To do
so, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in the CPU architecture preference dropdown. Otherwise, choose
Current to view recommendations that are based on the same CPU vendor and architecture as the
current instance. For more information about viewing Amazon EC2 instance and Auto Scaling group
recommendations, see Viewing EC2 instance recommendations (p. 50) and Viewing Auto Scaling
group recommendations (p. 62).

Note
The Current price, Recommended price, Price difference, Price difference (%), and Estimated
monthly savings columns are updated to provide a price comparison between the current
instance type and the instance type of the selected CPU architecture preference. For example, if
you choose Graviton (aws-arm64), prices are compared between the current instance type and
the recommended Graviton-based instance type.

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Viewing recommendation
preferences for a standalone account

Viewing accounts and

recommendation preferences
The Accounts page of the Compute Optimizer console lists the recommendation preferences that are
activated for the account or organization, such as enhanced infrastructure metrics.

If your account is the management account of an organization, then the Accounts page also lists the
member accounts of the organization and their opt-in status to Compute Optimizer. Management
accounts of organizations can enroll (opt in) (p. 8) member accounts of the organization to AWS
Compute Optimizer. When member accounts are opted in, Compute Optimizer analyzes all supported
resources within those member accounts for optimization opportunities.

Viewing recommendation preferences for a

standalone account
Use the following procedure to view recommendation preferences for a standalone account using the
console.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Accounts in the navigation pane.

The Organization-level preferences for enhanced infrastructure metrics section of the page lists
the preferences that are activated for the individual account, such as the enhanced infrastructure
metrics. For more information about activating or deactivating the enhanced infrastructure metrics
recommendation preference, see Enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 28).

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Viewing the opt-in status of member accounts of an
organization and their recommendation preferences

Viewing the opt-in status of member accounts

of an organization and their recommendation
preferences
Use the following procedure to view member accounts of an organization that are opted in to Compute
Optimizer and their configured recommendation preferences using the console.
Note
This option is available only to management accounts of an organization who opted in member
accounts to Compute Optimizer.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Accounts in the navigation pane.

The Accounts page lists the member accounts of the organization and their current Compute
Optimizer opt-in status. The Opt-in status and Status description columns describe the
status of each account ID listed. To troubleshoot account opt-in failures, see the section called
“Troubleshooting account opt-in and recommendation preferences” (p. 42).

3. To view the recommendation preferences for a member account, select the member account and
choose View preferences.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Troubleshooting account opt-
in and recommendation preferences

The Enhanced infrastructure metrics section of the page lists the enhanced infrastructure metrics
preferences that are activated for the individual account. For more information about activating
or deactivating the enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation preference, see Enhanced
infrastructure metrics (p. 28).

Troubleshooting account opt-in and

recommendation preferences
Following are the reasons that accounts can fail to opt in to Compute Optimizer, or recommendation
preferences can fail to display or save. Included is what you can do to mitigate the problem.

Failed to create service-linked role

Description

Accounts show a Failed opt-in status, and a description of Failed to create service-linked role.

Cause

Compute Optimizer uses AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) service-linked roles, which include
all of the permissions that the service requires to call other AWS services on your behalf. You must
configure permissions to allow an IAM entity (such as a user, group, or role) to create a service-linked
role for Compute Optimizer. The user who tried to opt in to Compute Optimizer might not have the
permissions required to have the service-linked role created.

Solution

Add the required permissions to the user who will perform the Compute Optimizer opt in. For more
information, see the section called “Service-Linked Role permissions” (p. 16).

Failed to enable trusted access

Description

Accounts show a Failed opt-in status, and a description of Failed to enable trusted access.

Cause

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Failed to get or update enhanced infrastructure
metrics recommendation preferences

You can use trusted access to enable Compute Optimizer to perform tasks in your organization and
its accounts on your behalf. For more information about AWS Organizations trusted access, see Using
AWS Organizations with other AWS services in the AWS Organizations User Guide. Trusted access for
Compute Optimizer is automatically enabled in your organization account when you opt in using your
organization's management account and include all member accounts within the organization. The user
who tried to opt in to Compute Optimizer might not have the permissions required to have trusted
access enabled.

Solution

Add the required permissions to the user who will perform the Compute Optimizer opt in. For more
information, see Permissions required to enable trusted access in the AWS Organizations User Guide.
After you add the required permissions, opt in to Compute Optimizer again using your organization's
management account and include all member accounts within the organization. For more information,
see the section called “Opting in your account” (p. 9).

Failed to get or update enhanced infrastructure

metrics recommendation preferences
Description

A banner is displayed that indicates that the Compute Optimizer console could not get or update
enhanced infrastructure metrics recommendation preferences.

Cause

You might not have the permissions required to view or update recommendation preferences.

Solution

Add the required permissions to the user who will view or edit recommendation preferences. For
more information, see Policies to grant access to manage Compute Optimizer recommendation
preferences (p. 14).

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Savings opportunity

Viewing the AWS Compute

Optimizer dashboard
Use the dashboard in the Compute Optimizer console to evaluate and prioritize the optimization
opportunities for the supported resource types in your account. The dashboard displays the following
information, which is refreshed daily and generated by analyzing the specifications and utilization
metrics of your resources.

Savings opportunity
The savings opportunity section displays the total estimated monthly USD amount and percentage
that you could save (based on On-Demand Instance pricing) if you implement the Compute Optimizer
recommendations for resources in your account. It also displays the estimated monthly savings per
resource type. If you prefer to evaluate your resources for cost savings, then prioritize the resource type
that has the greatest savings opportunity.
Important
Savings opportunity data requires that you opt in to Cost Explorer, as well as activate Receive
Amazon EC2 resource recommendations in the Cost Explorer preferences page. That creates
a connection between Cost Explorer and Compute Optimizer. With this connection, Cost
Explorer generates savings estimates considering the price of existing resources, the price
of recommended resources, and historical usage data. Estimated monthly savings reflects
the projected dollar savings associated with each of the recommendations generated. For
more information, see Enabling Cost Explorer and Optimizing your cost with Rightsizing
Recommendations in the Cost Management User Guide.

The estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity for individual EC2 instances are listed in the EC2
instances recommendations page under the Estimated monthly savings (On-Demand), and Savings

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Performance improvement opportunity

opportunity (%) columns. For more information, including how estimated monthly savings is calculated,
see Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity (p. 57).

Performance improvement opportunity

The performance improvement opportunity section displays a count and percentage of the resources in
your account that Compute Optimizer found to be at risk of not meeting your workload performance
needs. It also displays the performance risk classifications per resource type. Resources can have a
performance risk of high, high, medium, and very low. If you prefer to evaluate your resources for
performance improvements, then prioritize the resource types that have a high performance risk.

The current performance risk for individual EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups is listed in the EC2
instance details page under the Current performance risk column. For more information, see Current
performance risk for EC2 instances (p. 58).

Findings
The findings section displays the findings classifications count and percentage for resources types in
your account. Compute Optimizer classifies EC2 instances, Auto Scaling groups, and Lambda functions as
under-provisioned, over-provisioned, or optimized. Amazon EBS volumes are classified as not optimized
or optimized. For more information, see Findings classifications (p. 46) later in this guide.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Findings classifications

Findings classifications
The findings classifications in the Compute Optimizer console provide an at-a-glance view of how your
resources performed during the analyzed period. The findings classifications differ based on the resource
type. The following classifications apply to services and resources supported by Compute Optimizer.

EC2 instance finding classifications

Classification Description

Under-provisioned An EC2 instance is considered under-provisioned when at least one

specification of your instance, such as CPU, memory, or network,
does not meet the performance requirements of your workload.
Under-provisioned EC2 instances might lead to poor application
performance.

Over-provisioned An EC2 instance is considered over-provisioned when at least

one specification of your instance, such as CPU, memory, or
network, can be sized down while still meeting the performance
requirements of your workload, and when no specification is
under-provisioned. Over-provisioned EC2 instances might lead to
unnecessary infrastructure cost.

Optimized An EC2 instance is considered optimized when all specifications

of your instance, such as CPU, memory, and network, meet the
performance requirements of your workload, and the instance is
not over-provisioned. For optimized instances, Compute Optimizer
might sometimes recommend a new generation instance type.

Note
For instances, Compute Optimizer generates finding reasons that provide a greater level
of detail into why an instance was found to be under-provisioned, or over-provisioned.

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 AWS Compute Optimizer User Guide
Auto Scaling group finding classifications

For more information, see Finding reasons (p. 51) in the Viewing EC2 instance
recommendations (p. 50) topic.

Auto Scaling group finding classifications

Classification Description

Not optimized An Auto Scaling group is considered not optimized when Compute
Optimizer has identified a recommendation that can provide better
performance or cost for your workload.

Optimized An Auto Scaling group is considered optimized when Compute

Optimizer determines that the group is correctly provisioned to run
your workload, based on the chosen instance type. For optimized
Auto Scaling groups, Compute Optimizer might sometimes
recommend a new generation instance type.

Note
For instances in Auto Scaling groups, Compute Optimizer generates finding reasons that
provide a greater level of detail into why an Auto Scaling group was found to be not
optimized. For more information, see Finding reasons (p. 51) in the Viewing EC2 instance
recommendations (p. 50) topic.

EBS volume finding classifications

Classification Description

Not optimized An EBS volume is considered not optimized when Compute

Optimizer has identified a volume type, volume size, or IOPS
specification that can provide better performance or cost for your
workload.

Optimized An EBS volume is considered optimized when Compute Optimizer

determines that the volume is correctly provisioned to run your
workload, based on the chosen volume type, volume size, and IOPS
specification. For optimized resources, Compute Optimizer might
sometimes recommend a new generation volume type.

Lambda function finding classifications

Classification Description

Not optimized A Lambda function is considered not optimized when Compute

Optimizer has identified that its configured memory or CPU
power (which is proportional to the configured memory) is under-
provisioned or over-provisioned. In this case, Compute Optimizer
generates a recommendation that can provide better performance
or cost for your workload.

When a function is not optimized, Compute Optimizer displays a

finding reason of either Memory under-provisioned or Memory
over-provisioned.

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Viewing the dashboard

Classification Description

Optimized A Lambda function is considered optimized when Compute

Optimizer determines that its configured memory or CPU power
(which is proportional to the configured memory) is correctly
provisioned to run your workload.

Unavailable Compute Optimizer was unable to generate a recommendation for

the function. This could be because the function has not met the
requirements of Compute Optimizer for Lambda functions (p. 7), or
the function does not qualify for a recommendation.

For this finding classification, Compute Optimizer displays one of

the following finding reasons:

• Insufficient data when the function does not have

sufficient metric data for Compute Optimizer to generate a
recommendation.
• Inconclusive when the function does not qualify for a
recommendation because the function has configured memory
greater than 1,792 MB, or Compute Optimizer cannot generate a
recommendation with a high degree of confidence.

Note
Functions with a finding of Unavailable are not listed in
the Compute Optimizer console.

Viewing the dashboard

Use the following procedure to view the dashboard and the optimization findings for your resources.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Dashboard in the navigation pane.

By default, the dashboard displays an overview of optimization findings for AWS resources across all
AWS Regions in the account that you are currently signed in to.
3. You can perform the following actions on the dashboard:

• To view the optimization findings for resources in another account, choose Account, and then
select a different account ID.
Note
The ability to view optimization findings for resources in other accounts is available
only if you are signed in to a management account of an organization, you opted in all
member accounts of the organization, and trusted access with Compute Optimizer is
enabled. For more information, see Accounts supported by Compute Optimizer (p. 8) and
Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted access (p. 11).
• To show or hide the savings opportunity and performance improvement opportunity sections
of the dashboard, choose the gear icon, choose the sections that you want to show or hide, and
choose Apply.
• To filter findings on the dashboard to one or more AWS Regions, enter the name of the Region in
the Filter by one or more Regions text box, or choose one or more Regions in the drop-down list
that appears.
• To clear the selected filters, choose Clear filters next to the filter.

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Viewing the dashboard

• To view optimization recommendations, choose the View recommendations link for one
of the resource types displayed, or choose the number of resources listed next to a findings
classification to view the resources for that classification. For more information, see Viewing
resource recommendations (p. 50).

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EC2 instance recommendations

Viewing resource recommendations

Recommendations for your AWS resources are displayed in the following pages of the AWS Compute
Optimizer console.

• The resources recommendations page lists each of your running resources, along with their top
recommendation generated by Compute Optimizer.
• The resource details page, which you can access from the recommendations page, lists the top three
recommendation options for a specific resource, along with utilization metric graphs for the resource.

The recommendations and resource details pages are available for each of the following AWS resources
that are supported by Compute Optimizer:

• Amazon EC2 instances - For more information, see Viewing EC2 instance recommendations (p. 50).
• Auto Scaling groups - For more information, see Viewing Auto Scaling group
recommendations (p. 62).
• Amazon EBS volumes - For more information, see Viewing Amazon EBS volume
recommendations (p. 68).
• AWS Lambda functions - For more information, see Viewing Lambda function
recommendations (p. 71).

Viewing EC2 instance recommendations

AWS Compute Optimizer generates instance type recommendations for Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances. Recommendations for your Amazon EC2 instances are displayed on the
following pages of the Compute Optimizer console:

• The EC2 instances recommendations page lists each of your current instances, their finding
classifications (p. 51), finding reasons (p. 51), platform differences (p. 55), current instance
type, and current hourly price for the selected purchasing option (p. 56). The top recommendation
from Compute Optimizer is listed next to each of your instances, and it includes the recommended
instance type, the hourly price for the selected purchasing option, and the price difference between
your current instance and the recommendation. Use the recommendations page to compare your
current instances with their top recommendation, which can help you to decide if you should up-size
or down-size your instances.
• The EC2 instance details page, which you can access from the EC2 instances recommendations page,
lists up to three optimization recommendations for a specific instance. It lists the specifications for
each recommendation, their performance risk (p. 58), and their hourly prices for the selected
purchasing option. The details page also displays utilization metric graphs for the current instance,
overlaid with the projected utilization metrics for the recommendation options.

The recommendations are refreshed daily. They're generated by analyzing the specifications and
utilization metrics of the current instance over a period of the last 14 days, or longer if you activate the
enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature (p. 28). For more information, see Metrics analyzed by AWS
Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

Keep in mind that Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for EC2 instances that meet
a specific set of requirements, recommendations could take up to 12 hours to be generated, and
sufficient metric data must be accumulated. For more information, see Supported resources and
requirements (p. 3).

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Finding classifications

Contents
• Finding classifications (p. 51)
• Finding reasons (p. 51)
• AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations (p. 54)
• Inferred workload types (p. 55)
• Migration effort (p. 55)
• Platform differences (p. 55)
• Prices and purchasing options (p. 56)
• Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity (p. 57)
• Performance risk (p. 58)
• Current performance risk (p. 58)
• Utilization graphs (p. 58)
• Viewing EC2 instances recommendations (p. 60)
• Viewing EC2 instance details (p. 61)

Finding classifications
The Finding column on the EC2 instances recommendations page provides a summary of how each of
your instances performed during the analyzed period.

The following findings classifications apply to EC2 instances.

Classification Description

Under-provisioned An EC2 instance is considered under-provisioned when at least one

specification of your instance, such as CPU, memory, or network,
does not meet the performance requirements of your workload.
Under-provisioned EC2 instances might lead to poor application
performance.

Over-provisioned An EC2 instance is considered over-provisioned when at least

one specification of your instance, such as CPU, memory, or
network, can be sized down while still meeting the performance
requirements of your workload, and when no specification is
under-provisioned. Over-provisioned EC2 instances might lead to
unnecessary infrastructure cost.

Optimized An EC2 instance is considered optimized when all specifications

of your instance, such as CPU, memory, and network, meet the
performance requirements of your workload, and the instance is
not over-provisioned. For optimized instances, Compute Optimizer
might sometimes recommend a new generation instance type.

Finding reasons
The Finding reasons column on the EC2 instances recommendations and EC2 instance details pages
shows which specification of an instance is under-provisioned or over-provisioned.

The following finding reasons apply to instances:

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Finding reasons

Finding reason Description

CPU over-provisioned The instance’s CPU configuration can be sized down while still
meeting the performance requirements of your workload. This is
identified by analyzing the CPUUtilization metric of the current
instance during the look-back period.

CPU under-provisioned The instance’s CPU configuration doesn't meet the performance
requirements of your workload and there is an alternative instance
type that provides better CPU performance. This is identified by
analyzing the CPUUtilization metric of the current instance
during the look-back period.

Memory over-provisioned The instance’s memory configuration can be sized down while still
meeting the performance requirements of your workload. This is
identified by analyzing the memory utilization metric of the current
instance during the look-back period.
Note
Memory utilization is analyzed only for resources that have
the unified CloudWatch agent installed on them. For more
information, see Enabling memory utilization with the
Amazon CloudWatch Agent in the AWS Compute Optimizer
User Guide. On Linux instances, Compute Optimizer
analyzes the mem_used_percent metric in the CWAgent
namespace, or the legacy MemoryUtilization metric in
the System/Linux namespace. On Windows instances,
Compute Optimizer analyzes the Memory % Committed
Bytes In Use metric in the CWAgent namespace.

Memory under-provisioned The instance’s memory configuration doesn't meet the performance
requirements of your workload and there is an alternative instance
type that provides better memory performance. This is identified
by analyzing the memory utilization metric of the current instance
during the look-back period.
Note
Memory utilization is analyzed only for resources that have
the unified CloudWatch agent installed on them. For more
information, see Enabling memory utilization with the
Amazon CloudWatch Agent in the AWS Compute Optimizer
User Guide. On Linux instances, Compute Optimizer
analyzes the mem_used_percent metric in the CWAgent
namespace, or the legacy MemoryUtilization metric in
the System/Linux namespace. On Windows instances,
Compute Optimizer analyzes the Memory % Committed
Bytes In Use metric in the CWAgent namespace.

EBS throughput over- The instance’s EBS throughput configuration can be sized down
provisioned while still meeting the performance requirements of your workload.
This is identified by analyzing the VolumeReadBytes and
VolumeWriteBytes metric of EBS volumes attached to the current
instance during the look-back period.

EBS throughput under- The instance’s EBS throughput configuration doesn't meet the
provisioned performance requirements of your workload and there is an
alternative instance type that provides better EBS throughput
performance. This is identified by analyzing the VolumeReadBytes

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Finding reasons

Finding reason Description

and VolumeWriteBytes metric of EBS volumes attached to the
current instance during the look-back period.

EBS IOPS over-provisioned The instance’s EBS IOPS configuration can be sized down while still
meeting the performance requirements of your workload. This is
identified by analyzing the VolumeReadOps and VolumeWriteOps
metrics of EBS volumes attached to the current instance during the
look-back period.

EBS IOPS under-provisioned The instance’s EBS IOPS configuration doesn't meet the
performance requirements of your workload and there is
an alternative instance type that provides better EBS IOPS
performance. This is identified by analyzing the VolumeReadOps
and VolumeWriteOps metrics of EBS volumes attached to the
current instance during the look-back period.

Network bandwidth over- The instance’s network bandwidth configuration can be sized down
provisioned while still meeting the performance requirements of your workload.
This is identified by analyzing the NetworkIn and NetworkOut
metrics of the current instance during the look-back period.

Network bandwidth under- The instance’s network bandwidth configuration doesn't meet
provisioned the performance requirements of your workload and there is an
alternative instance type that provides better network bandwidth
performance. This is identified by analyzing the NetworkIn and
NetworkOut metrics of the current instance during the look-
back period. This finding reason happens when the NetworkIn or
NetworkOut performance of an instance is impacted.

Network PPS over-provisioned The instance’s network PPS (packets per second) configuration
can be sized down while still meeting the performance
requirements of your workload. This is identified by analyzing the
NetworkPacketsIn and NetworkPacketsOut metrics of the
current instance during the look-back period.

Network PPS under-provisioned The instance’s network PPS (packets per second) configuration
doesn't meet the performance requirements of your workload
and there is an alternative instance type that provides better
network PPS performance. This is identified by analyzing the
NetworkPacketsIn and NetworkPacketsOut metrics of the
current instance during the look-back period.

Disk IOPS over-provisioned The instance’s disk IOPS configuration can be sized down while
still meeting the performance requirements of your workload. This
is identified by analyzing the DiskReadOps and DiskWriteOps
metrics of the current instance during the look-back period.

Disk IOPS under-provisioned The instance’s disk IOPS configuration doesn't meet the
performance requirements of your workload and there is
an alternative instance type that provides better disk IOPS
performance. This is identified by analyzing the DiskReadOps and
DiskWriteOps metrics of the current instance during the look-
back period.

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AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations

Finding reason Description

Disk throughput over- The instance’s disk throughput configuration can be sized down
provisioned while still meeting the performance requirements of your
workload. This is identified by analyzing the DiskReadBytes and
DiskWriteBytes metrics of the current instance during the look-
back period.

Disk throughput under- The instance’s disk throughput configuration doesn't meet the
provisioned performance requirements of your workload and there is an
alternative instance type that provides better disk throughput
performance. This is identified by analyzing the DiskReadBytes
and DiskWriteBytes metrics of the current instance during the
look-back period.

Note
For more information about instance metrics, see List the available CloudWatch metrics for
your instances in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide. For more information about
EBS volume metrics, see Amazon CloudWatch metrics for Amazon EBS in the Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud User Guide.

You can change an instance's CPU, local disk, memory, or network specifications by changing the type
of the instance. For example, you can change the instance type from C5 to C5n to help improve network
performance. For more information, see Change the instance type guide for Linux and Change the
instance type guide for Windows in the EC2 User Guides.

You can change an EBS volume's IOPS or throughput specifications by using Amazon EBS Elastic
Volumes. For more information, see Amazon EBS Elastic Volumes in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide.

AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations

When viewing Amazon EC2 instance recommendations, you can view the price and performance impact
of running your workload on AWS Graviton-based instances. To do so, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in
the CPU architecture preference dropdown. Otherwise, choose Current to view recommendations that
are based on the same CPU vendor and architecture as the current instance.

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Inferred workload types

Note
The Current price, Recommended price, Price difference, Price difference (%), and Estimated
monthly savings columns are updated to provide a price comparison between the current
instance type and the instance type of the selected CPU architecture preference. For example, if
you choose Graviton (aws-arm64), prices are compared between the current instance type and
the recommended Graviton-based instance type.

Inferred workload types

The Inferred workload types column on the EC2 instances recommendations page lists the applications
that might be running on the instance as inferred by Compute Optimizer. It does this by analyzing the
attributes of your instances, such as the instance name, tags, and configuration. Compute Optimizer
can currently infer if your instances are running Amazon EMR, Apache Cassandra, Apache Hadoop,
Memcached, NGINX, PostgreSQL, and Redis. By inferring the applications running on your instances,
Compute Optimizer can identify the effort to migrate your workloads from x86-based instance types to
Arm-based AWS Graviton instances types. For more information, see Migration effort (p. 55) in the
next section of this guide.

Migration effort
The Migration effort column on the EC2 instances recommendations and EC2 instances details
pages lists the level of effort that might be required to migrate from the current instance type to the
recommended instance type. For example, the migration effort is Medium if a workload type can't be
inferred but an AWS Graviton instance type is recommended. The migration effort is Low if Amazon EMR
is the inferred workload type and an AWS Graviton instance type is recommended. The migration effort
is Very low if both the current and recommended instance types are of the same CPU architecture. For
more information about migrating from x86-based instance types to Arm-based AWS Graviton instances
type, see Considerations when transitioning workloads to AWS Graviton2 based Amazon EC2 instances
in the AWS Graviton Getting Starged GitHub.

Platform differences
The Platform differences column on the EC2 instance details page describes the differences between
the current instance and the recommended instance type. You should consider the configuration
differences before migrating your workloads from the current instance to the recommended instance
type.

The following platform differences apply to EC2 instances:

Platform difference Description

Architecture The CPU architecture of the recommended instance type is

different than that of the current instance type. For example, the
recommended instance type might use an Arm CPU architecture
and the current instance type might use a different one, such
as x86. Before migrating, you should consider recompiling the
software on your instance for the new architecture. Alternatively,
you might switch to an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that supports
the new architecture. For more information about the CPU
architecture for each instance type, see Amazon EC2 Instance Types.

Hypervisor The hypervisor of the recommended instance type is different

than that of the current instance. For example, the recommended
instance type might use a Nitro hypervisor and the current instance
might use a Xen hypervisor. For information about the differences
that you should consider between these hypervisors, see Nitro

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Prices and purchasing options

Platform difference Description

Hypervisor section of the Amazon EC2 FAQs. For more information,
see Instances built on the Nitro System in the Amazon EC2 User
Guide for Linux, or Instances built on the Nitro System in the
Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows.

Instance store availability The recommended instance type does not support instance store
volumes, but the current instance does. Before migrating, you
might need to back up the data on your instance store volumes
if you want to preserve them. For more information, see How do
I back up an instance store volume on my Amazon EC2 instance
to Amazon EBS? in the AWS Premium Support Knowledge Base.
For more information, see Networking and storage features and
Amazon EC2 instance store in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux,
or see Networking and storage features and Amazon EC2 instance
store in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows.

Network interface The network interface of the recommended instance type is

different than that of the current instance. For example, the
recommended instance type might use enhanced networking and
the current instance might not. To enable enhanced networking
for the recommended instance type, you need to install the Elastic
Network Adapter (ENA) driver or the Intel 82599 Virtual Function
driver. For more information, see Networking and storage features
and Enhanced networking on Linux in the Amazon EC2 User Guide
for Linux, or Networking and storage features and Enhanced
networking on Windows in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows.

Storage interface The storage interface of the recommended instance type is

different than that of the current instance. For example, the
recommended instance type uses an NVMe storage interface and
the current instance does not. To access NVMe volumes for the
recommended instance type, you will need to install or upgrade the
NVMe driver. For more information, see Networking and storage
features and Amazon EBS and NVMe on Linux instances in the
Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux, or Networking and storage
features and Amazon EBS and NVMe on Windows instances in the
Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows.

Virtualization type The recommended instance type uses the hardware virtual machine
(HVM) virtualization type and the current instance uses the
paravirtual (PV) virtualization type. For more information about
the differences between these virtualization types, see Linux AMI
virtualization types in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux, or
Windows AMI virtualization types in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for
Windows.

Prices and purchasing options

On the EC2 instances recommendations and EC2 instance details pages, you can choose to view the
hourly prices for your current instances and the recommended instances under different Amazon EC2
purchasing options. For example, you can view the price of your current instance and the recommended
instance under the Reserve Instances, standard one-year no upfront purchasing option. Use the pricing
information to get an idea of the price difference between your current instance and the recommended
instance.

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Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

Important
The prices listed on the recommendations page might not reflect the actual prices you pay for
your instances. For more information about finding the actual price of your current instances,
see Amazon EC2 Usage Reports in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide.

The following purchasing options can be selected on the recommendations page:

• On-Demand Instances - An On-Demand Instance is an instance that you use on demand. You have
full control over its lifecycle—you decide when to launch, stop, hibernate, start, reboot, and terminate
it. No longer-term commitments or upfront payments are needed. For more information about On-
Demand Instances, see On-Demand Instances in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide. For
more information about pricing, see Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instance Pricing.
• Reserved Instances (standard one-year or three-year commitment, no upfront) - Reserved Instances
provide you with significant savings on your Amazon EC2 costs compared to On-Demand Instance
pricing. Reserved Instances are not physical instances, but rather a billing discount applied to the
use of On-Demand Instances in your account. For more information about Reserved Instances, see
Reserved Instances in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide. For more information about
pricing, see Amazon EC2 Reserved Instance Pricing.

For more information about purchasing options, see Instance Purchasing Options in the Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud User Guide.

Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

The Estimated monthly savings (On-Demand) and Estimated monthly savings (RI and Savings Plans)
columns list the approximate monthly cost savings that you will experience by migrating your workloads
from the current instance type to the recommended instance type under those pricing models. The
Savings opportunity (%) column lists the percentage difference between the On-Demand price of the
current instance and the price of the recommended instance type.
Important
Savings opportunity data requires that you opt in to Cost Explorer, as well as activate Receive
Amazon EC2 resource recommendations in the Cost Explorer preferences page. That creates
a connection between Cost Explorer and Compute Optimizer. With this connection, Cost
Explorer generates savings estimates considering the price of existing resources, the price
of recommended resources, and historical usage data. Estimated monthly savings reflects
the projected dollar savings associated with each of the recommendations generated. For
more information, see Enabling Cost Explorer and Optimizing your cost with Rightsizing
Recommendations in the Cost Management User Guide.

Estimated monthly savings calculation

For each recommendation, we calculate the cost to operate a new instance using the recommended
instance type. Estimated monthly savings are calculated based on the number of running hours for the

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Performance risk

current instance and the difference in rates between the current instance type and the recommended
instance type. The estimated monthly savings for instances displayed on the Compute Optimizer
dashboard is a sum of the estimated monthly savings for all over-provisioned instances in the account.

Performance risk
The Performance risk column on the EC2 instance details page defines the likelihood of each
recommended instance type not meeting the resource needs of your workload. Compute Optimizer
calculates an individual performance risk score for each specification of the recommended instance,
including CPU, memory, EBS throughput, EBS IOPS, disk throughput, disk IOPS, network throughput,
and network PPS. The performance risk of the recommended instance is calculated as the maximum
performance risk score across the analyzed resource specifications.

The values range from very low, low, medium, high, and very high. A very low performance risk means
that the instance type recommendation is predicted to always provide enough capability. The higher
the performance risk is, the more likely you should validate whether the recommendation will meet
the performance requirements of your workload before migrating your resource. Decide whether to
optimize for performance improvement, for cost reduction, or for a combination of these two. For more
information, see Changing the Instance Type in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide.
Note
In the Compute Optimizer API, the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), and the AWS SDKs,
performance risk is measured on a scale of 0 (very low) to 4 (very high).

Current performance risk

The Current performance risk column on the EC2 instances recommendations page defines the
likelihood of each current instance not meeting the resource needs of its workload. The current
performance risk values range from very low, low, medium, and high. A very low performance risk means
that the current instance is predicted to always provide enough capability. The higher the performance
risk is, the more likely you should consider the recommendation generated by Compute Optimizer.

Utilization graphs
The EC2 instance details page displays utilization metric graphs for your current instance. The
graphs display data for the analyzed period. You can change the graphs to display data for the last 24
hours, three days, one week, or two weeks. If you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics paid
feature (p. 28), you can view three months. You can also change the statistic of the graphs between
average and maximum.

The following utilization graphs are displayed on the details page:

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Utilization graphs

Graph name Description

CPU utilization (percent) The percentage of allocated EC2 compute units

used by the instance.

The CPU utilization graph includes a comparison

of the CPU utilization data of your current
instance type against that of the selected
recommended instance type. The comparison
shows you what the CPU utilization would have
been if you had used the selected recommended
instance type during the analyzed period. This
comparison can help you to identify if the
recommended instance type is within your
workload's performance threshold.

Memory utilization (percent) The percentage of memory allocated by

applications and the operating system as used.

The memory utilization graph includes a

comparison of the memory utilization data
of your current instance type against that of
the selected recommended instance type.
The comparison shows you what the memory
utilization would have been if you had used the
selected recommended instance type during the
analyzed period. This comparison can help you
to identify if the recommended instance type is
within your workload's performance threshold.
Note
The memory utilization graph is
populated only for instances that have
the unified CloudWatch agent installed
on them. For more information, see
Collecting Metrics and Logs from Amazon
EC2 Instances and On-Premises Servers
with the CloudWatch Agent in the
Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.

Network in (MiB/second) The number of mebibytes (MiB) per second

received on all network interfaces by the instance.

Network out (MiB/second) The number of mebibytes (MiB) per second sent
out on all network interfaces by the instance.

Network packets in (per second) The number of packets received by the instance
on all network interfaces.

Network packets out (per second) The number of packets sent out by the instance
on all network interfaces.

Disk read operations (per second) The completed read operations per second from
the instance store volumes of the instance.

Disk write operations (per second) The completed write operations per second from
the instance store volumes of the instance.

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Viewing EC2 instances recommendations

Graph name Description

Disk read bandwidth (MiB/second) The read mebibytes (MiB) per second from the
instance store volumes of the instance.

Disk write bandwidth (MiB/second) The write mebibytes (MiB) per second from the
instance store volumes of the instance.

EBS read operations (per second) The completed read operations per second from
all EBS volumes attached to the instance.

For Xen instances, data is reported only when

there is read activity on the volume.

EBS write operations (per second) The completed write operations per second to all
EBS volumes attached to the instance.

For Xen instances, data is reported only when

there is write activity on the volume.

EBS read bandwidth (MiB/second) The read mebibytes (MiB) per second from all EBS
volumes attached to the instance.

EBS write bandwidth (MiB/second) The written mebibytes (MiB) per second to all EBS
volumes attached to the instance.

Viewing EC2 instances recommendations

Use the following procedure to access the EC2 instances recommendations page, and view
recommendations for your current instances.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose EC2 instances in the navigation pane.

The recommendations page lists the specifications and finding classifications of your current
instances, along with the specifications of the recommended instances. The current instances listed
are from the AWS Region that is currently selected, in the selected account.
3. You can perform the following actions on the recommendations page:

• To view the price and performance impact of running your workload on AWS Graviton-based
instances, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in the CPU architecture preference dropdown.
Otherwise, the Current (default) option displays recommendations that are based on the same
CPU vendor and architecture as the current instance.
• To filter recommendations to one or more AWS Regions, enter the name of the Region in the
Filter by one or more Regions text box, or choose one or more Regions in the drop-down list that
appears.
• To view recommendations for instances in another account, choose Account, and then select a
different account ID.
Note
The ability to view recommendations for resources in other accounts is available only
if you are signed in to a management account of an organization, and trusted access
with Compute Optimizer is enabled. For more information, see Accounts supported
by Compute Optimizer (p. 8) and Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted
access (p. 11).
• To clear the selected filters, choose Clear filters next to the filter.

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Viewing EC2 instance details

• To change the purchasing option that is displayed, choose Settings (the gear icon), then choose
On-Demand Instances, Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no upfront, or Reserved Instances,
standard 3-year no upfront.
• To access the EC2 instance details page for a specific instance, choose the finding classification
listed next to the desired instance.

Viewing EC2 instance details

Use the following procedure to access the EC2 instance details page, and view details of a specific
instance and its recommendations.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose EC2 instances in the navigation pane.
3. Choose the finding classification listed next to the instance for which you wish to view detailed
information.

The details page lists up to three optimization recommendations for the instance that you chose.
It lists the specifications of your current instance, the specifications and performance risks of the
recommended instances, and utilization metric graphs.
4. You can perform the following actions on the details page:

• To view the price and performance impact of running your workload on AWS Graviton-based
instances, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in the CPU architecture preference dropdown.
Otherwise, the Current (default) option displays recommendations that are based on the same
CPU vendor and architecture as the current instance.
• Activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature to extend the metrics analysis look-back
period for the EC2 instance you're viewing up to three months (compared to the 14-day default).
For more information, see Enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 28).
• Choose a recommendation option to view the utilization comparison between your current
instance and a recommended instance.

The utilization metric graphs for your current instance are displayed at the bottom of the page.
The solid blue line is the utilization of your current instance. The dotted orange line, displayed
in the CPU utilization and memory utilization graphs, is the projected utilization of the selected
recommended instance if you had used that instance during the analyzed period.
• To change the time range of the graphs, choose Time Range, and then choose Last 24 hours,
Last 3 days, Last week, or Last 2 weeks. If you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics
recommendation preference (p. 28), you can also choose Last 3 months.

Choosing a shorter time range displays the data points at a higher granularity, which provides a
higher level of detail.
• To change the statistic value of the graphs, choose Statistics, and then choose Average or
Maximum.

You can use this option to determine the typical instance utilization of your workload over time.
To view the highest value observed during the specified period, change the selection to Maximum.
This allows you to determine the peak instance usage of your workload over time.
• To change the purchasing option that is displayed, choose Settings (the gear icon), then choose
On-Demand Instances, Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no upfront, or Reserved Instances,
standard 3-year no upfront.

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Auto Scaling group recommendations

Viewing Auto Scaling group recommendations

AWS Compute Optimizer generates instance type recommendations for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling (Auto
Scaling) groups. Recommendations for your Auto Scaling groups are displayed on the following pages of
the AWS Compute Optimizer console:

• The Auto Scaling groups recommendations page lists each of your current Auto Scaling groups, their
finding classifications (p. 62), current instance type, current hourly price for the selected purchasing
option (p. 64), and current configuration. The top recommendation from Compute Optimizer is
listed next to each of your Auto Scaling groups, and it includes the recommended instance type, the
hourly price for the selected purchasing option, and the price difference between your current instance
and the recommendation. Use the recommendations page to compare the current instances of your
Auto Scaling groups with their top recommendation, which can help you to decide if you should upsize
or downsize your instances.
• The Auto Scaling group details page, which you can access from the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page, lists up to three optimization recommendations for a specific Auto Scaling
group. It lists the specifications for each recommendation, their performance risk (p. 65), and their
hourly prices for the selected purchasing option. The details page also displays utilization metric
graphs for the current Auto Scaling group.

The recommendations are refreshed daily. They're generated by analyzing the specifications and
utilization metrics of the current Auto Scaling group over a period of the last 14 days, or longer if you
activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature (p. 28). For more information, see Metrics
analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

Keep in mind that Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for Auto Scaling groups that
meet a specific set of requirements, recommendations could take up to 12 hours to be generated,
and sufficient metric data must be accumulated. For more information, see Supported resources and
requirements (p. 3).

Contents
• Finding classifications (p. 62)
• AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations (p. 63)
• Inferred workload types (p. 63)
• Migration effort (p. 64)
• Prices and purchasing options (p. 64)
• Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity (p. 65)
• Performance risk (p. 65)
• Current performance risk (p. 66)
• Utilization graphs (p. 66)
• Viewing Auto Scaling groups recommendations (p. 66)
• Viewing Auto Scaling group details (p. 67)

Finding classifications
The Finding column on the Auto Scaling groups recommendations page provides a summary of how
each of your Auto Scaling groups performed during the analyzed period.

The following findings classifications apply to Auto Scaling groups.

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AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations

Classification Description

Not optimized An Auto Scaling group is considered not optimized when Compute
Optimizer has identified a recommendation that can provide better
performance or cost for your workload.

Optimized An Auto Scaling group is considered optimized when Compute

Optimizer determines that the group is correctly provisioned to run
your workload, based on the chosen instance type. For optimized
Auto Scaling groups, Compute Optimizer might sometimes
recommend a new generation instance type.

AWS Graviton-based instance recommendations

When viewing Auto Scaling group recommendations, you can view the price and performance impact of
running your workload on AWS Graviton-based instances. To do so, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in the
CPU architecture preference dropdown. Otherwise, choose Current to view recommendations that are
based on the same CPU vendor and architecture as the current instance.

Note
The Current price, Recommended price, Price difference, Price difference (%), and Estimated
monthly savings columns are updated to provide a price comparison between the current
instance type and the instance type of the selected CPU architecture preference. For example, if
you choose Graviton (aws-arm64), prices are compared between the current instance type and
the recommended Graviton-based instance type.

Inferred workload types

The Inferred workload types column on the Auto Scaling groups recommendations page lists the
applications that might be running on instances in the Auto Scaling group as inferred by Compute
Optimizer. It does this by analyzing the attributes of instances in the Auto Scaling group, such as the
instance name, tags, and configuration. Compute Optimizer can currently infer if your instances are
running Amazon EMR, Apache Cassandra, Apache Hadoop, Memcached, NGINX, PostgreSQL, and Redis.
By inferring the applications running on your instances, Compute Optimizer is able to identify the effort

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Migration effort

to migrate your workloads from x86-based instance types to Arm-based AWS Graviton instances types.
For more information, see Migration effort (p. 64) in the next section of this guide.

Migration effort
The Migration effort column on the Auto Scaling groups recommendations and Auto Scaling groups
details pages lists the level of effort that might be required to migrate from the current instance type to
the recommended instance type. For example, the migration effort is Medium if a workload type can't be
inferred but an AWS Graviton instance type is recommended. The migration effort is Low if Amazon EMR
is the inferred workload type and an AWS Graviton instance type is recommended. The migration effort
is Very low if both the current and recommended instance types are of the same CPU architecture. For
more information about migrating from x86-based instance types to Arm-based AWS Graviton instances
type, see Considerations when transitioning workloads to AWS Graviton2 based Amazon EC2 instances
in the AWS Graviton Getting Starged GitHub.

Prices and purchasing options

On the Auto Scaling groups recommendations and Auto Scaling group details pages, you can choose
to view the hourly prices for current EC2 instances in your Auto Scaling groups and the recommended
instances under different Amazon EC2 purchasing options. For example, you can view the price of your
current instance and the recommended instance under the Reserve Instances, standard one-year no
upfront purchasing option. Use the pricing information to get an idea of the price difference between
your current instance and the recommended instance.

Important
The prices listed on the recommendations page might not reflect the actual prices you pay for
your instances. For more information about finding the actual price of your current instances,
see Amazon EC2 Usage Reports in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide.

The following purchasing options can be selected on the recommendations page:

• On-Demand Instances - An On-Demand Instance is an instance that you use on demand. You have
full control over its lifecycle—you decide when to launch, stop, hibernate, start, reboot, and terminate
it. No longer-term commitments or upfront payments are needed. For more information about On-
Demand Instances, see On-Demand Instances in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide. For
more information about pricing, see Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instance Pricing.
• Reserved Instances (standard one-year or three-year commitment, no upfront) - Reserved Instances
provide you with significant savings on your Amazon EC2 costs compared to On-Demand Instance
pricing. Reserved Instances are not physical instances, but rather a billing discount applied to the
use of On-Demand Instances in your account. For more information about Reserved Instances, see
Reserved Instances in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide. For more information about
pricing, see Amazon EC2 Reserved Instance Pricing.

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Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

For more information about purchasing options, see Instance Purchasing Options in the Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud User Guide.

Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

The Estimated monthly savings (On-Demand) and Estimated monthly savings (RI and Savings Plans)
columns list the approximate monthly cost savings that you will experience by migrating your Auto
Scaling group workloads from the current instance type to the recommended instance type under those
pricing models. The Savings opportunity (%) column lists the percentage difference between the On-
Demand price of current instances in the Auto Scaling group and the price of the recommended instance
type.
Important
Savings opportunity data requires that you opt in to Cost Explorer, as well as activate Receive
Amazon EC2 resource recommendations in the Cost Explorer preferences page. That creates
a connection between Cost Explorer and Compute Optimizer. With this connection, Cost
Explorer generates savings estimates considering the price of existing resources, the price
of recommended resources, and historical usage data. Estimated monthly savings reflects
the projected dollar savings associated with each of the recommendations generated. For
more information, see Enabling Cost Explorer and Optimizing your cost with Rightsizing
Recommendations in the Cost Management User Guide.

Estimated monthly savings calculation

For each recommendation, we calculate the cost to operate a new instance using the recommended
instance type. Estimated monthly savings are calculated based on the number of running hours for
current instances in the Auto Scaling group and the difference in rates between the current instance type
and the recommended instance type. The estimated monthly savings for Auto Scaling groups displayed
on the Compute Optimizer dashboard is a sum of the estimated monthly savings for all over-provisioned
instances in Auto Scaling groups, in the account.

Performance risk
The Performance risk column on the Auto Scaling group details page defines the likelihood of each
recommended instance type not meeting the resource needs of your workload. Compute Optimizer
calculates an individual performance risk score for each specification of the recommended instance,
including CPU, memory, EBS throughput, EBS IOPS, disk throughput, disk IOPS, network throughput,
and network PPS. The performance risk of the recommended instance is calculated as the maximum
performance risk score across the analyzed resource specifications.

The values range from very low, low, medium, high, and very high. A very low performance risk means
that the instance type recommendation is predicted to always provide enough capability. The higher
the performance risk is, the more likely you should validate whether the recommendation will meet
the performance requirements of your workload before migrating your resource. Decide whether to
optimize for performance improvement, for cost reduction, or for a combination of these two. For more
information, see Changing the Instance Type in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide.
Note
In the Compute Optimizer API, the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), and AWS SDKs,
performance risk is measured on a scale of 0 (very low) to 4 (very high).

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Current performance risk

Current performance risk

The Current performance risk column on the Auto Scaling groups recommendations page defines
the likelihood of each current Auto Scaling group not meeting the resource needs of its workload. The
current performance risk values range from very low, low, medium, and high. A very low performance
risk means that the current Auto Scaling group is predicted to always provide enough capability. The
higher the performance risk is, the more likely you should consider the recommendation generated by
Compute Optimizer.

Utilization graphs
The Auto Scaling group details page displays utilization metric graphs for current instances in the
group. The graphs display data for the analyzed period (up to 14 days). You can change the graphs to
display data for the last 24 hours, three days, one week, or two weeks. If you activate the enhanced
infrastructure metrics paid feature (p. 28), you can view data from the last three months.

The following utilization graphs are displayed on the details page:

Graph name Description

Average CPU utilization (percent) The average percentage of allocated EC2 compute
units used by instances in the Auto Scaling group.

Average Network in (MiB/second) The number of mebibytes (MiB) per second

received on all network interfaces by instances in
the Auto Scaling group.

Average Network out (MiB/second) The number of mebibytes (MiB) per second sent
out on all network interfaces by instances in the
Auto Scaling group.

Viewing Auto Scaling groups recommendations

Use the following procedure to access the Auto Scaling groups recommendations page, and view
recommendations for your current Auto Scaling groups.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Auto Scaling groups in the navigation pane.

The recommendations page lists the specifications and finding classifications of your Auto Scaling
groups, along with the specifications of the recommended groups. The current Auto Scaling groups
listed are from the AWS Region that is currently selected, in the selected account.

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3. You can perform the following actions on the recommendations page:

• To view the price and performance impact of running your workload on AWS Graviton-based
instances, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in the CPU architecture preference dropdown.
Otherwise, the Current (default) option displays recommendations that are based on the same
CPU vendor and architecture as the current instance.
• To filter recommendations to one or more AWS Regions, enter the name of the Region in the
Filter by one or more Regions text box, or choose one or more Regions in the drop-down list that
appears.
• To view recommendations for instances in another account, choose Account, and then select a
different account ID.
Note
The ability to view recommendations for resources in other accounts is available only
if you are signed in to a management account of an organization, and trusted access
with Compute Optimizer is enabled. For more information, see Accounts supported
by Compute Optimizer (p. 8) and Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted
access (p. 11).
• To clear the selected filters, choose Clear filters next to the filter.
• To change the purchasing option that is displayed, choose Settings (the gear icon), then choose
On-Demand Instances, Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no upfront, or Reserved Instances,
standard 3-year no upfront.
• To access the Auto Scaling group details page for a specific Auto Scaling group, choose the
finding classification listed next to the desired group.

Viewing Auto Scaling group details

Use the following procedure to access the Auto Scaling group details page, and view details of a specific
group and its recommendations.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Auto Scaling groups in the navigation pane.
3. Choose the finding classification listed next to the Auto Scaling group for which you wish to view
detailed information.

The details page lists up to three optimization recommendations for the Auto Scaling group that you
chose. It lists the specifications of current instances in the Auto Scaling group, the specifications and
performance risks of the recommended instances, and utilization metric graphs.
4. You can perform the following actions on the details page:

• To view the price and performance impact of running your workload on AWS Graviton-based
instances, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) in the CPU architecture preference dropdown.
Otherwise, the Current (default) option displays recommendations that are based on the same
CPU vendor and architecture as the current instance.
• Activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics paid feature to extend the metrics analysis look-back
period for the Auto Scaling group you're viewing up to three months (compared to the 14-day
default). For more information, see Enhanced infrastructure metrics (p. 28).
• The utilization metric graphs for your current instance are displayed at the bottom of the page.
The solid blue line is the utilization of current instances in the Auto Scaling group.
• To change the time range of the graphs, choose Time Range, and then choose Last 24 hours,
Last 3 days, Last week, or Last 2 weeks. If you activate the enhanced infrastructure metrics
recommendation preference (p. 28), you can also choose Last 3 months.

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EBS volume recommendations

Choosing a shorter time range displays the data points at a higher granularity, which provides a
higher level of detail.
• To change the purchasing option that is displayed, choose Settings (the gear icon), then choose
On-Demand Instances, Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no upfront, or Reserved Instances,
standard 3-year no upfront.

Viewing Amazon EBS volume recommendations

AWS Compute Optimizer generates volume type, volume size, IOPS, and throughput recommendations
for Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. Recommendations for your EBS volumes are
displayed in the following pages of the AWS Compute Optimizer console:

• The EBS volumes recommendations page lists each of your current volumes, their finding
classifications (p. 68), their current volume type, and their current hourly price. The top
recommendation from Compute Optimizer is listed next to each of your volumes, and it includes the
recommended volume type, recommended volume size, recommended IOPS, the monthly price of the
recommendation, and the price difference between your current volume and the recommendation. Use
the recommendations page to compare your current volumes with their top recommendation, which
can help you to decide if you should up-size or down-size your volume.
• The EBS volume details page, which you can access from the EBS volume recommendations page,
lists up to three optimization recommendations for a specific volume. It lists the specifications for each
recommendation, their performance risk (p. 69), and their monthly prices. The details page also
displays utilization metric graphs for the current volume.

The recommendations are refreshed daily. They're generated by analyzing the specifications and
utilization metrics of the current volume over a period of the last 14 days. For more information, see
Metrics analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

Keep in mind that Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for EBS volumes that meet a specific
set of requirements, recommendations could take up to 12 hours to be generated, and sufficient metric
data must be accumulated. For more information, see Supported resources and requirements (p. 3).

Finding classifications
The Finding column on the EBS volumes recommendations page provides a summary of how each of
your volumes performed during the analyzed period.

The following findings classifications apply to EBS volumes.

Classification Description

Not optimized An EBS volume is considered not optimized when Compute

Optimizer has identified a volume type, volume size, or IOPS
specification that can provide better performance or cost for your
workload.

Optimized An EBS volume is considered optimized when Compute Optimizer

determines that the volume is correctly provisioned to run your
workload, based on the chosen volume type, volume size, and IOPS
specification. For optimized resources, Compute Optimizer might
sometimes recommend a new generation volume type.

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Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

The Estimated monthly savings (On-Demand) column lists the approximate monthly cost savings that
you will experience by migrating your EBS volumes from the current specifications to the recommended
specifications. The Savings opportunity (%) column lists the percentage difference between the On-
Demand price of the current EBS volume specification and the price of the recommended volume
specification.
Important
Savings opportunity data requires that you opt in to Cost Explorer, as well as activate Receive
Amazon EC2 resource recommendations in the Cost Explorer preferences page. That creates
a connection between Cost Explorer and Compute Optimizer. With this connection, Cost
Explorer generates savings estimates considering the price of existing resources, the price
of recommended resources, and historical usage data. Estimated monthly savings reflects
the projected dollar savings associated with each of the recommendations generated. For
more information, see Enabling Cost Explorer and Optimizing your cost with Rightsizing
Recommendations in the Cost Management User Guide.

Estimated monthly savings calculation

For each recommendation, we calculate the cost to operate a new EBS volume using the recommended
volume specifications. Estimated monthly savings are calculated based on the number of running hours
for the current volume and the difference in rates between the current volume specifications and the
recommended volume specifications. The estimated monthly savings for EBS volumes displayed on the
Compute Optimizer dashboard is a sum of the estimated monthly savings for all EBS volumes in the
account with a finding classification of Not optimized.

Performance risk
The Performance risk column on the EBS volume details page defines the likelihood of each
EBS volume recommendation not meeting the resource needs of your workload. Compute
Optimizer calculates an individual performance risk score for each specification of the EBS volume
recommendation, including volume type, volume size, baseline IOPS, burst IOPS, baseline throughput,
and burst throughput. The performance risk of the EBS volume recommendation is calculated as the
maximum performance risk score across the analyzed resource specifications.

The values range from very low, low, medium, high, and very high. A performance risk of very low means
that the EBS volume recommendation is predicted to always provide enough capability. The higher
the performance risk is, the more likely you should validate whether the recommendation will meet
the performance requirements of your workload before migrating your resource. Decide whether to
optimize for performance improvement, for cost reduction, or for a combination of these two. For more
information, see Requesting modifications to your EBS Volumes in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide.

Current performance risk

The Current performance risk column on the EBS volumes recommendations page defines the
likelihood of each current EBS volume not meeting the resource needs of its workload. The current
performance risk values range from very low, low, medium, and high. A very low performance risk means
that the current volume is predicted to always provide enough capability. The higher the performance
risk is, the more likely you should consider the recommendation generated by Compute Optimizer.

Utilization graphs
The EBS volume details page displays utilization metric graphs for your current volume. The graphs
display data for the analyzed period (up to 14 days). You can change the graphs to display data for

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the last 24 hours, three days, one week, or two weeks. You can also change the statistic of the graphs
between average and maximum.

The following utilization graphs are displayed on the details page:

Graph name Description

Read operations (per second) The completed read operations per second for the
current EBS volume.

For Xen instances, data is reported only when

there is read activity on the volume.

Write operations (per second) The completed write operations per second to the
current EBS volume.

For Xen instances, data is reported only when

there is write activity on the volume.

Read bandwidth (KiB/second) The read kibibytes (KiB) per second from the
current EBS volume.

Write bandwidth (KiB/second) The written kibibytes (KiB) per second to the
current EBS volume.

Burst balance (percent) The percentage of I/O credits remaining in the

burst bucket for the current EBS volume.

This metric is displayed only for General Purpose

SSD (gp2) volumes in the Compute Optimizer
console.

Viewing EBS volumes recommendations

Use the following procedure to access the EBS volumes recommendations page, and view
recommendations for your current volumes.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose EBS volumes in the navigation pane.

The recommendations page lists the specifications and finding classifications of your volumes, along
with the specifications of the recommended volumes. The current volumes listed are from the AWS
Region that is currently selected, in the selected account.
3. You can perform the following actions on the recommendations page:

• To filter recommendations to one or more AWS Regions, enter the name of the Region in the
Filter by one or more Regions text box, or choose one or more Regions in the drop-down list that
appears.
• To view recommendations for volumes in another account, choose Account, and then select a
different account ID.
Note
The ability to view recommendations for resources in other accounts is available only
if you are signed in to a management account of an organization, and trusted access
with Compute Optimizer is enabled. For more information, see Accounts supported
by Compute Optimizer (p. 8) and Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted
access (p. 11).

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Viewing EBS volume details

• To clear the selected filters, choose Clear filters next to the filter.
• To access the EBS volume details page for a specific volume, choose the finding classification
listed next to the desired volume.

When you're ready, use Amazon EBS Elastic Volumes to modify the configuration of your volumes.
For more information, see Amazon EBS Elastic Volumes in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User
Guide.

Viewing EBS volume details

Use the following procedure to access the EBS volume details page, and view details of a specific
volume and its recommendations.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose EBS volumes in the navigation pane.
3. Choose the finding classification listed next to the volume for which you wish to view detailed
information.

The details page lists up to three optimization recommendations for the volume that you chose.
It lists the specifications of your current volume, the specifications and performance risks of the
recommended volumes, and utilization metric graphs.
4. You can perform the following actions on the details page:

• Choose a recommendation option to view the utilization comparison between your current
volume and a recommended volume.

The utilization metric graphs for your current volume are displayed at the bottom of the page.
• To change the time range of the graphs, choose Time Range, and then choose Last 24 hours, Last
3 days, Last week, or Last 2 weeks.

Choosing a shorter time range displays the data points at a higher granularity, which provides a
higher level of detail.
• To change the statistic value of the graphs, choose Statistics, and then choose Average or
Maximum.

You can use this option to determine the typical volume utilization of your workload over time. To
view the highest value observed during the specified period, change the selection to Maximum.
This allows you to determine the peak volume usage of your workload over time.

When you're ready, use Amazon EBS Elastic Volumes to modify the configuration of your volumes.
For more information, see Amazon EBS Elastic Volumes in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User
Guide.

Viewing Lambda function recommendations

AWS Compute Optimizer generates memory size recommendations for AWS Lambda functions.
Recommendations for your functions are displayed in the following pages of the Compute Optimizer
console:

• The Lambda functions recommendations page lists each of your current functions, their finding
classifications (p. 72), finding reasons, current configured memory, current usage, and current cost.
The top recommendation from Compute Optimizer is listed next to each of your functions, and it

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Finding classifications

includes the recommended configured memory, recommended cost, and the price difference between
your current function and the recommendation. Note that the recommended cost is a range that is
displayed under the Recommended cost (high) and Recommended cost (low) columns in the console.
Use the recommendations page to compare your current functions with their top recommendation,
which can help you to decide if you should up-size or down-size the configured memory of your
function.
• The Lambda function details page, which you can access from the Lambda function recommendations
page, lists the top optimization recommendation for a function. It lists the configuration for your
current function and the recommendation option. The details page also displays utilization metric
graphs for the current function.

The recommendations are refreshed daily. They're generated by analyzing the specifications and
utilization metrics of the current function over a period of the last 14 days. For more information, see
Metrics analyzed by AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 25).

Keep in mind that Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for Lambda functions that meet
a specific set of requirements, recommendations could take up to 12 hours to be generated, and
sufficient metric data must be accumulated. For more information, see Supported resources and
requirements (p. 3).

Finding classifications
The Finding column on the Lambda functions recommendations page provides a summary of how each
of your functions performed during the analyzed period.

The following findings classifications apply to Lambda functions.

Classification Description

Not optimized A Lambda function is considered not optimized when Compute

Optimizer has identified that its configured memory or CPU
power (which is proportional to the configured memory) is under-
provisioned or over-provisioned. In this case, Compute Optimizer
generates a recommendation that can provide better performance
or cost for your workload.

When a function is not optimized, Compute Optimizer displays a

finding reason of either Memory under-provisioned or Memory
over-provisioned.

Optimized A Lambda function is considered optimized when Compute

Optimizer determines that its configured memory or CPU power
(which is proportional to the configured memory) is correctly
provisioned to run your workload.

Unavailable Compute Optimizer was unable to generate a recommendation for

the function. This could be because the function has not met the
requirements of Compute Optimizer for Lambda functions (p. 7), or
the function does not qualify for a recommendation.

For this finding classification, Compute Optimizer displays one of

the following finding reasons:

• Insufficient data when the function does not have

sufficient metric data for Compute Optimizer to generate a
recommendation.

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Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

Classification Description
• Inconclusive when the function does not qualify for a
recommendation because the function has configured memory
greater than 1,792 MB, or Compute Optimizer cannot generate a
recommendation with a high degree of confidence.

Note
Functions with a finding of Unavailable are not listed in
the Compute Optimizer console.

Estimated monthly savings and savings opportunity

The Estimated monthly savings (On-Demand) column lists the approximate monthly cost savings
that you will experience by migrating your workloads from the current Lambda function memory
specification to the recommended memory specification. The Savings opportunity (%) column lists
the percentage difference between the On-Demand price of the current Lambda function memory
specification and the price of the recommended Lambda function memory specification.
Important
Savings opportunity data requires that you opt in to Cost Explorer, as well as activate Receive
Amazon EC2 resource recommendations in the Cost Explorer preferences page. That creates
a connection between Cost Explorer and Compute Optimizer. With this connection, Cost
Explorer generates savings estimates considering the price of existing resources, the price
of recommended resources, and historical usage data. Estimated monthly savings reflects
the projected dollar savings associated with each of the recommendations generated. For
more information, see Enabling Cost Explorer and Optimizing your cost with Rightsizing
Recommendations in the Cost Management User Guide.

Estimated monthly savings calculation

For each recommendation, we calculate the cost to operate a new Lambda function using the
recommended memory specification. Estimated monthly savings are calculated based on the number of
running hours for the current Lambda function and the difference in rates between the current memory
specification and the recommended memory specification. The estimated monthly savings for Lambda
functions displayed on the Compute Optimizer dashboard is a sum of the estimated monthly savings for
all Lambda functions in the account with a finding classification of Not optimized.

Current performance risk

The Current performance risk column on the Lambda functions recommendations page defines the
likelihood of each current Lambda function not meeting the resource needs of its workload. The current
performance risk values range from very low, low, medium, and high. A very low performance risk means
that the current Lambda function is predicted to always provide enough capability. The higher the
performance risk is, the more likely you should consider the recommendation generated by Compute
Optimizer.

Utilization graphs
The Lambda function details page displays utilization metric graphs for your current function. The
graphs display data for the analyzed period (up to 14 days). You can change the graphs to display data
for the last 24 hours, three days, one week, or two weeks.

The following utilization graphs are displayed on the details page:

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Graph name Description

Duration (milliseconds) The amount of time that your function code

spends processing an event.

Errors (count) The number of invocations that result in a

function error. Function errors include exceptions
thrown by your code and exceptions thrown by
the Lambda runtime. The runtime returns errors
for issues such as timeouts and configuration
errors.

Invocations (count) The number of times your function code is

executed, including successful executions and
executions that result in a function error.

Viewing Lambda function recommendations

Use the following procedure to access the Lambda functions recommendations page, and view
recommendations for your current functions.

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Lambda functions in the navigation pane.

The recommendations page lists the specifications and finding classifications of your functions,
along with the specifications of the recommended functions. The current functions listed are from
the AWS Region that is currently selected, in the selected account.
3. You can perform the following actions on the recommendations page:

• To filter recommendations to one or more AWS Regions, enter the name of the Region in the
Filter by one or more Regions text box, or choose one or more Regions in the drop-down list that
appears.
• To view recommendations for functions in another account, choose Account, and then select a
different account ID.
Note
The ability to view recommendations for resources in other accounts is available only
if you are signed in to a management account of an organization, and trusted access
with Compute Optimizer is enabled. For more information, see Accounts supported
by Compute Optimizer (p. 8) and Compute Optimizer and AWS Organizations trusted
access (p. 11).
• To clear the selected filters, choose Clear filters next to the filter.
• To access the Lambda function details page for a specific function, choose the finding
classification listed next to the desired function.

Modify the configured memory of your Lambda function when you're ready. For more information,
see Configuring Lambda function memory in the AWS Lambda Developer Guide.

Viewing Lambda function details

Use the following procedure to access the Lambda function details page, and view details of a specific
function and its recommendations.

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Viewing Lambda function details

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Lambda functions in the navigation pane.
3. Choose the finding classification listed next to the function for which you wish to view detailed
information.

The details page lists the top optimization recommendation for the function that you chose. It lists
the specifications of your current function, the recommended function configuration, and utilization
metric graphs.
4. You can perform the following actions on the details page:

• Choose a recommendation option to view the utilization comparison between your current
function and a recommended function.

The utilization metric graphs for your current function are displayed at the bottom of the page.
• To change the time range of the graphs, choose Time Range, and then choose Last 24 hours, Last
3 days, Last week, or Last 2 weeks.

Choosing a shorter time range displays the data points at a higher granularity, which provides a
higher level of detail.

Modify the configured memory of your Lambda function when you're ready. For more information,
see Configuring Lambda function memory in the AWS Lambda Developer Guide.

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Restrictions

Exporting recommendations
You can export your recommendations to record them over time, and share the data with others.
Recommendations are exported in a comma-separated values (.csv) file, and its metadata in a JavaScript
Object Notation (.json) file, to an existing Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket that you
specify.

Contents
• Restrictions (p. 76)
• Amazon S3 bucket permission requirements (p. 76)
• Exporting your recommendations (p. 76)
• Viewing your export jobs (p. 78)
• Exported files (p. 78)
• Troubleshooting failed export jobs (p. 120)

Restrictions
The following restrictions apply when exporting recommendations:

• You can have only one recommendations export job in progress for each resource type, and for each
AWS Region. Confirm that all previous export jobs are completed before creating a new export job. For
more information about viewing your export jobs, including those that are in progress, see Viewing
your export jobs (p. 78).
• Recommendations for each resource type, and in each AWS Region, are exported in separate .csv files.
You cannot export recommendations from multiple resource types and Regions into a single file.
• Large export jobs can take a while to complete. Consider limiting the recommendation columns
that you include in your export job. Additionally, if your account is the management account of an
organization, consider limiting the number of member accounts to include in your export job.

Amazon S3 bucket permission requirements

You must create the destination S3 bucket for your recommendations export before you create the
export job. Compute Optimizer does not create the S3 bucket for you. The S3 bucket that you specify
for your recommendations export files cannot be publicly accessible, and cannot be configured as a
Requester Pays bucket. After you create the S3 bucket, confirm that it has the required permissions
policy to allow Compute Optimizer to write the export files to it. If you plan to specify an object prefix
when you create your recommendations export job, you must include the object prefix in the policy
that you add to the S3 bucket. For more information, see Amazon S3 bucket policy for AWS Compute
Optimizer (p. 21).

Exporting your recommendations

Use the following procedure to export your recommendations.

To export your recommendations

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

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2. Choose a resource type in the navigation pane. For example, choose EC2 instances, Auto Scaling
groups, EBS volume, or Lambda function.
3. On the Recommendations page, choose the Action dropdown menu, and choose Export
Recommendations.
4. On the Export Recommendations page, under Export destination settings, specify the following:

a. For Region, specify an AWS Region for your export.

b. For Destination S3 bucket name, specify the name of an existing S3 bucket in the specified
Region.
c. (Optional) Choose Add Region to export the recommendations for another AWS Region.
d. (Optional) Choose Remove next to a specified Region and S3 bucket name to remove the
destination from the export job.
e. (Optional) For Object prefix, specify a prefix to use in the destination S3 bucket for all of the
export files. The prefix is an optional addition to the S3 object key that organizes your export
files in your S3 bucket. For example, you can specify a date prefix (such as 2020/april), a
resource type prefix (such as ec2-instances), or a combination of both (for example, 2020/
april/ec2-instances).
5. Under Export filters, specify the following:

a. For Resource type, choose the resource type to include in your recommendations export.
b. For Accounts, choose if you want to include recommendations for all member accounts of the
organization. This option is available only if your account is the management account of an
organization.
c. For CPU architecture preference, choose Graviton (aws-arm64) to export recommendations
that are based on the 64-bit ARM architecture (AWS Graviton). Otherwise, choose Current to
export recommendations that are based on the CPU architecture of your current instances.
6. Under Columns to include, choose the recommendations data to include in your recommendations
export. For more information about the columns to include, see Exported files (p. 78).
7. Choose Export after you confirm that the export job is configured correctly, or choose Cancel to
return to the Recommendations page without creating the export job. The export job configuration
is deleted if you cancel it.
Note
If you export recommendations for multiple AWS Regions at one time, they are treated
as separate export jobs and Compute Optimizer will try to start all of them at once. The
Export Recommendations page will display an error if an export job fails to start. Export
jobs that successfully start will continue to process, but you must resolve the errors for the
failed jobs before trying to start them again.

Your recommendations export job will take a while to complete. Check the status of your export jobs
by viewing the Exports page. For more information, see Viewing your export jobs (p. 78). Your
recommendations export file, and its associated metadata file, are saved to the specified S3 bucket when
the export job is completed. The following are examples of the full Amazon S3 object key for the export
file and its associated metadata file. The account ID in the object keys is the account of the requester of
the export job. For more information, see Exported files (p. 78).

s3://<BucketName>/<OptionalPrefix>/compute-
optimizer/<AccountId>/<AWSRegion>-<CreatedTimestamp>-<UniqueJobID>.csv

s3://<BucketName>/<OptionalPrefix>/compute-
optimizer/<AccountId>/<AWSRegion>-<CreatedTimestamp>-<UniqueJobID>-metadata.json

Example:

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s3://compute-optimizer-exports/ec2-instance-recommendations/compute-
optimizer/111122223333/us-west-2-2020-03-03T133027-3e496c549301c8a4dfcsdX.csv

s3://compute-optimizer-exports/ec2-instance-recommendations/compute-
optimizer/111122223333/us-west-2-2020-03-03T133027-3e496c549301c8a4dfcsdX-metadata.json

Viewing your export jobs

Use the following procedure to view the export jobs created in the last seven days.

To view your export jobs

1. Open the Compute Optimizer console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/compute-optimizer/.

2. Choose Exports in the navigation pane.

The Exports page displays the recommendation export jobs that were created in the last seven days.

Export jobs can have one of the following statuses.

• Queued - The export job has not yet started. You can have only one recommendations export job
in progress for each resource type, and for each AWS Region.
• In progress - The export job has started but has not yet completed. Export jobs can take from
a few minutes to a few hours to complete, depending on the number of recommendations and
fields included in the export job.
• Complete - The export job was completed successfully. A link to the export .csv file in the
destination Amazon S3 bucket is displayed for each successfully completed export job under the
export destination column.
• Failed - The export job failed to start or complete. The message displayed under the failure reason
column for the export job provides additional information about why the export job was not
completed. For example, the export might have failed because the destination Amazon S3 bucket
didn't have the required permissions. Try to export your recommendations again after resolving
the issue. For more information, see Troubleshooting failed export jobs (p. 120).
3. You can perform the following actions on the page:

• Choose the export destination link for a completed job to access the destination S3 bucket. The
export destination displays only for successful export jobs. Export jobs that are in progress, or that
have failed display a dash.
• Scroll right to view the failure reason for failed export jobs. Use the failure reason to determine
why your export job was not completed.

Exported files
Recommendations are exported in a .csv file, and the metadata in a .json file, to the Amazon S3 bucket
that you specified when you created the export job.

Recommendations file
The recommendations file includes the recommendation data for the recommendation columns that you
choose to include when you create the export job. The following tables list all of the recommendation
columns that can be included in the export file for each resource type.

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In the following tables, API field name column represents the fields that you can specify when
requesting a recommendations export using the API. The Description column describes the data
of each field, the name of the column as displayed in the Compute Optimizer console, and the
name of the column as listed in the export .csv file. The recommendation data columns in the .csv
file are numbered when multiple recommendations are generated for each resource. Ranked
recommendation columns, in which <rank> is replaced with a ranking, correspond to each other.
For example, recommendationOptions_1_memory, recommendationOptions_1_network, and
recommendationOptions_1_vcpus correspond to each other, and are for the same recommendation.
Note
All export files include the following columns by default:

• recommendations_count - The number of recommendations included in the export file.

• errorCode - The error code for when a recommendation was not generated for a resource.
• errorMessage - The error message that corresponds to the error in the errorCode column.

EC2 instance recommendation fields

API field name Description

AccountId The AWS account ID in which the current instance

was created.

This field is displayed as the Account ID column in

the EC2 instances recommendations and instance
details pages of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Account ID on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as accountId in the export .csv file.

CurrentInstanceType The instance type of the current instance.

This field is displayed as the Current

instance type column in the EC2 instances
recommendations and instance details pages
of the Compute Optimizer console. This field
is labeled Current instance type on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as currentInstanceType in the
export .csv file.

CurrentMemory The memory of the current instance.

This field is displayed as the Memory column in

the EC2 instance details page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled Current
memory on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_memory in the export .csv file.

CurrentNetwork The network performance, or rate of data transfer,

of the current instance.

This field is displayed as the Network column in

the EC2 instance details page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled Current
network on the Export recommendations page

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API field name Description

of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_network in the export .csv file.

CurrentOnDemandPrice The On-Demand price of the current instance. The

price listed might not reflect the actual price you
pay for the instance.

This field is displayed as the Current On-

Demand price column in the EC2 instances
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current On-Demand
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_onDemandPrice in the export .csv file.

CurrentStandardOneYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice The Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no

upfront price of the current instance. The price
listed might not reflect the actual price you pay
for the instance.

This field is displayed as the Current 1-

year RI price column in the EC2 instances
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current 1-year
RI price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_standardOneYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
in the export .csv file.

CurrentStandardThreeYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice The Reserved Instances, standard 3-year no

upfront price of the current instance. The price
listed might not reflect the actual price you pay
for the instance.

This field is displayed as the Current 3-

year RI price column in the EC2 instances
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current 3-year
RI price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_standardThreeYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
in the export .csv file.

CurrentStorage The local storage volume of the current instance.

This field is displayed as the Storage column in

the EC2 instance details page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled Current
storage on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_storage in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

CurrentVCpus The number of vCPUs of the current instance.

This field is displayed as the vCPUs column in

the EC2 instance details page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled Current
vCPUs on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_vcpus in the export .csv file.

Finding The finding classification for the current

instance. Instances can be classified as under-
provisioned, over-provisioned, or optimized.
For more information, see Instance finding
classifications (p. 51).

This field is displayed as the Finding column in

the EC2 instances recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Finding on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as finding in
the export .csv file.

FindingReasonCodes The finding reasons describe which specifications

of the current instance were under-provisioned
or over-provisioned (such as CPU, memory,
local disk throughput, local disk IOPS, EBS
volume throughput, EBS volume IOPS, network
bandwidth, and network packets-per-second).

This field is displayed as the Finding reasons

column in the EC2 instances recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This field
is labeled Finding reason codes on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as findingReasonCodes_<code> in
the export .csv file. The <code> portion of the
label identifies the instance specifications (CPU,
memory, network, etc.) that are over-provisioned
or under-provisioned.

InstanceArn The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the current

instance.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled Instance
ARN on the Export recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console, and as instanceArn
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

InstanceName The name of the current instance.

This field is displayed as the Instance name

column in the EC2 instances recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Instance name on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as instanceName in the export .csv
file.

LastRefreshTimestamp The timestamp of when the instance

recommendation was last refreshed.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Last refresh timestamp on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as lastRefreshTimestamp_UTC in
the export .csv file.

LookbackPeriodInDays The number of preceding days for which Compute

Optimizer analyzed metric data from the current
instance to generate the recommendation.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled Lookback
period in days on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
lookBackPeriodInDays in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsInstanceType The instance type of the instance

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

instance type column in the EC2 instances
recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommendation options Instance type
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_instanceType
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsMemory The memory of the instance recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Memory column

in the EC2 instance details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options memory
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_memory in
the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsNetwork The network performance, or rate of data transfer,

of the instance recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Network column

in the EC2 instance details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options network
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_network in
the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsOnDemandPrice The On-Demand price of the instance

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

On-Demand price column in the EC2 instance
recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommendation options On-Demand
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_onDemandPrice
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsPerformanceRisk The performance risk of the instance

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Performance risk

column in the EC2 instance details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options performance
risk on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_performanceRisk
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsPlatformDifferences The platform differences column displays the

configuration differences between the current
instance and each recommended instance type
option. The recommended instance type might
use a different CPU architecture, hypervisor,
instance store, network interface, storage
interface, and virtualization type.

This field is displayed as the Platform differences

column in the EC2 instance details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options platform
differences on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_platformDifferences_<diff
in the export .csv file. The <difference> portion
of the label identifies the configuration that
is different between the current instance and
recommended instance type.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsCpuMaximum
The projected maximum CPU utilization metric
of the instance recommendation. This value
defines the maximum CPU utilization of the
recommended instance type if you used the
recommended instance type during the look-back
period.

This field is displayed as an overlay on the CPU

utilization (percent) metric graph in the EC2
instance details page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Recommendation
options projected utilization metrics CPU
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_projectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsMemoryMaximum
The projected maximum memory utilization
metric of the instance recommendation. This
value defines the maximum memory utilization of
the recommended instance type if you had used
the recommended instance type during the look-
back period.

This field is displayed as an overlay on the

Memory utilization (percent) metric graph
in the EC2 instance details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options projected
utilization metrics memory maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_projectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsStandardOneYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
The Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no
upfront price for the instance recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

1-year RI price column in the EC2 instance
recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommended options 1-year RI price
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_standardOneYearNoUpfron
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsStandardThreeYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
The Reserved Instances, standard 3-year no
upfront price for the instance recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

3-year RI price column in the EC2 instance
recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommended options 3-year RI price
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_standardThreeYearNoUpfro
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsStorage The local storage volume of the instance

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Storage column

in the EC2 instance details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options storage
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_storage in the
export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsVcpus The vCPUs of the instance recommendation.

This field is displayed as the vCPUs column

in the EC2 instance details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options vCPUs
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_vcpus in the
export .csv file.

RecommendationsSourcesRecommendationSourceArn
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the current
resource.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommendation source ARN on the
Export recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationsSources_<rank>_recommendationSourceArn
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationsSourcesRecommendationSourceType
The resource type of the current resource (for
example, instance).

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommendation source type on the
Export recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationsSources_<rank>_recommendationSourceTyp
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsCpuMaximum The maximum CPU utilization metric of the

current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the CPU utilization

(percent) graph in the EC2 instance details page.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics CPU
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and
as utilizationMetrics_CPU_MAXIMUM in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDiskReadBytesPerSecondMaximumThe maximum disk read bytes per second of the

current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk read (MiB/

second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
disk read bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_READ_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDiskReadOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum disk read operations per second of

the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk read

(operations/second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics disk read operations per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_READ_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsDiskWriteBytesPerSecondMaximumThe maximum disk write bytes per second of the

current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk write (MiB/

second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
disk write bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_WRITE_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMU
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDiskWriteOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum disk write operations per second of

the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk write

(operations/second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics disk write operations per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_WRITE_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsEbsReadBytesPerSecondMaximum The maximum bytes read per second for volumes

attached to an instance observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the EBS read bandwidth

(MiB/second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS read bandwidth bytes per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_READ_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsEbsReadOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum number of read operations per

second for volumes attached to an instance
observed during the lookback period (up to 14
days).

This field is displayed as the EBS read operations

(per second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
EBS read throughput operations per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_READ_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsEbsWriteBytesPerSecondMaximumThe maximum bytes written per second for

volumes attached to an instance observed during
the lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the EBS write bandwidth

(MiB/second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS write bandwidth bytes per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_WRITE_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsEbsWriteOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum number of write operations per

second for volumes attached to an instance
observed during the lookback period (up to 14
days).

This field is displayed as the EBS write operations

(per second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
EBS write throughput operations per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_WRITE_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsMemoryMaximum The maximum memory utilization metric of the

current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Memory utilization

(percent) graph in the EC2 instance details page.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics memory
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_MEMORY_MAXIMUM in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsNetworkInBytesPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network in bytes per second of the
current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network in (MiB/

second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
network in bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_IN_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIM
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsNetworkOutBytesPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network out bytes per second of
the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network out

(MiB/second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
network out bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_OUT_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAX
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsNetworkPacketsInPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network packets in per second of
the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network packets

in (per second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics network packets in per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_PACKETS_IN_PER_SECOND_MAX
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsNetworkPacketsOutPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network packets out per second of
the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network packets

out (per second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics network packets out per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_PACKETS_OUT_PER_SECOND_M
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesEnhancedInfrastructureMetrics
The status of the enhanced infrastructure metrics
recommendation preference for the listed
recommendation. An Active status confirms
the recommendation listed is considering the
longer three-month lookback period. An Inactive
status confirms that the recommendation is not
yet considering the longer lookback period. For
more information, see Enhanced infrastructure
metrics (p. 28).

This field is displayed as the Effective enhanced

infrastructure metrics column in the EC2 instance
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. On the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console,
it's labeled as Effective recommendation
preferences enhanced infrastructure metrics,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesEnhancedInfrastructureM

EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesCpuVendorArchitectures
The CPU vendor and architecture for an EC2
instance recommendation.

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Effective recommendation
preferences CPU vendor architectures,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesCpuVendorArchitectures

CurrentPerformanceRisk The performance risk rating for a current instance.

This field is displayed as the Current

performance risk column in the EC2 instances
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. On the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, it's labeled as
Current performance risk, and in the export .csv
file, it's labeled as CurrentPerformanceRisk.

RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage
The estimated monthly savings possible as a
percentage of monthly cost by adopting Compute
Optimizer recommendations for an instance.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options savings opportunity percentage,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency
The currency of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Recommendation options
estimated monthly savings currency,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency.

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue
The value of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options estimated monthly savings value,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue.

EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesInferredWorkloadTypes
The status of the inferred workload type
recommendation preference for the listed
recommendation. For more information, see
Inferred workload type (p. 37).

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Effective recommendation
preferences inferred workload types,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesInferredWorkloadTypes.

InferredWorkloadTypes The application that might be running on the

instance as detected by Compute Optimizer.
For more information, see Inferred workload
types (p. 55).

On the Export recommendations page of the

Compute Optimizer console, this field is labeled
as Inferred workload types, and in the export .csv
file, it's labeled as InferredWorkloadTypes.

RecommendationOptionsMigrationEffort The level of effort that might be required to

migrate from the current instance type to
the recommended instance type. For more
information, see Inferred workload types (p. 55).

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field is
labeled as Recommendation options migration
effort, and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsMigrationEffort.

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Auto Scaling group recommendation fields

API field name Description

AccountId The AWS account ID in which the current Auto

Scaling group was created.

This field is displayed as the Account ID column

in the Auto Scaling groups recommendations and
group details pages of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Account ID on the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, and as accountId in the
export .csv file.

AutoScalingGroupArn The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the current

Auto Scaling group.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Auto Scaling group ARN on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as autoScalingGroupArn in the
export .csv file.

AutoScalingGroupName The name of the Auto Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the Auto Scaling

group name column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Auto Scaling group
name on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
autoScalingGroupName in the export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationDesiredCapacity The desired capacity of the current Auto Scaling

group.

This field is displayed as the Desired number

of instances column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current desired
capacity on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
currentConfiguration_desiredCapacity in the
export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationInstanceType The instance type of instances in the current Auto

Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the Current instancce

type column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current instance
type on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
currentConfiguration_instanceType in the
export .csv file.

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API field name Description

CurrentConfigurationMaxSize The maximum size of the current Auto Scaling

group.

This field is displayed as the Current maximum

size column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current maximum
size on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
currentConfiguration_maxSize in the export .csv
file.

CurrentConfigurationMinSize The minimum size of the current Auto Scaling

group.

This field is displayed as the Current minimum

size column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current minimum
size on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
currentConfiguration_minSize in the export .csv
file.

CurrentMemory The memory of instances in the current Auto

Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the Memory column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Current memory on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_memory in the export .csv file.

CurrentNetwork The network performance, or rate of data transfer,

of instances in the current Auto Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the Network column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Current network on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_network in the export .csv file.

CurrentOnDemandPrice The On-Demand price of instances in the current

Auto Scaling group. The price listed might not
reflect the actual price you pay for the instance.

This field is displayed as the Current On-

Demand price column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current On-Demand
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_onDemandPrice in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

CurrentStandardOneYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice The Reserved Instances, standard 1-year no

upfront price of instances in the current Auto
Scaling group. The price listed might not reflect
the actual price you pay for the instance.

This field is displayed as the Current 1-year

RI price column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current 1-year
RI price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_standardOneYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
in the export .csv file.

CurrentStandardThreeYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice The Reserved Instances, standard 3-year no

upfront price of instances in the current Auto
Scaling group. The price listed might not reflect
the actual price you pay for the instance.

This field is displayed as the Current 3-year

RI price column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current 3-year
RI price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_standardThreeYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
in the export .csv file.

CurrentStorage The local storage volume of instances in the

current Auto Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the Storage column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Current storage on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_storage in the export .csv file.

CurrentVCpus The number of vCPUs of instances in the current

Auto Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the vCPUs column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Current vCPUs on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
current_vcpus in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

Finding The finding classification for the current Auto

Scaling group. Auto Scaling groups can be
classified as not optimized, or optimized. For
more information, see Auto Scaling group finding
classifications (p. 62). This field is displayed
as the Finding column in the Auto Scaling
groups recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled Finding
on the Export recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console, and as finding in the
export .csv file.

LastRefreshTimestamp The timestamp of when the Auto Scaling group

recommendation was last refreshed.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Last refresh timestamp on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as lastRefreshTimestamp in the
export .csv file.

LookbackPeriodInDays The number of preceding days for which Compute

Optimizer analyzed metric data from the
current Auto Scaling group to generate the
recommendation.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled Lookback
period in days on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
lookBackPeriodInDays in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationDesiredCapacity
The desired capacity of the Auto Scaling group
recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Desired number

of instances column in the Auto Scaling group
details page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Recommendation options
desired capacity on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_configuration_desiredCapac
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationInstanceTypeThe instance type of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommendation

instance type column in the Auto Scaling
groups recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options Instance
type on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_configuration_instanceType
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationMaxSize The maximum size of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Maximum number

of instances column in the Auto Scaling group
details page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Recommendation options
maximum size on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_configuration_maxSize
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationMinSize The minimum size of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Minimum number

of instances column in the Auto Scaling group
details page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Recommendation options
minimum size on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_configuration_minSize
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsMemory The memory of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Memory column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options memory
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_memory in
the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsNetwork The network performance, or rate of data transfer,

of the Auto Scaling group recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Network column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options network
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_network in
the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsOnDemandPrice The On-Demand price of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

On-Demand price column in the Auto
Scaling groups recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options On-Demand
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_onDemandPrice
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsPerformanceRisk The performance risk of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Performance risk

column in the Auto Scaling group details page
of the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options performance
risk on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_performanceRisk
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsCpuMaximum
The projected maximum CPU utilization metric
of the Auto Scaling group recommendation. This
value defines the maximum CPU utilization of
the recommended instance type if you used the
recommended instance type during the look-back
period.

This field is displayed as an overlay on the

CPU utilization (percent) metric graph
in the Auto Scaling group details page
of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Recommendation options
projected utilization metrics CPU maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_projectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsMemoryMaximum
The projected maximum memory
utilization metric of the Auto Scaling
group recommendation. This value defines
the maximum memory utilization of the
recommended instance type if you had used the
recommended instance type during the look-back
period.

This field is displayed as an overlay on the

Memory utilization (percent) metric graph
in the Auto Scaling group details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options projected
utilization metrics memory maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_projectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsStandardOneYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
The Reserved Instances, standard 1-year
no upfront price for the Auto Scaling group
recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

1-year RI price column in the Auto Scaling
groups recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommended options 1-year RI
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_standardOneYearNoUpfron
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsStandardThreeYearNoUpfrontReservedPrice
The Reserved Instances, standard 3-year
no upfront price for the Auto Scaling group
recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

3-year RI price column in the Auto Scaling
groups recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommended options 3-year RI
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_standardThreeYearNoUpfro
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsStorage The local storage volume of the Auto Scaling

group recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Storage column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommendation options storage
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_storage in the
export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsVcpus The vCPUs of the Auto Scaling group

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the vCPUs column

in the Auto Scaling group details page of
the Compute Optimizer console. This field
is labeled Recommendation options vCPUs
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_vcpus in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsCpuMaximum The maximum CPU utilization metric of instances

in the current Auto Scaling group observed during
the lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the CPU utilization

(percent) graph in the Auto Scaling group details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
CPU maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and
as utilizationMetrics_CPU_MAXIMUM in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDiskReadBytesPerSecondMaximumThe maximum disk read bytes per second of the

current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk read (MiB/

second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
disk read bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_READ_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsDiskReadOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum disk read operations per second of

the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk read

(operations/second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics disk read operations per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_READ_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDiskWriteBytesPerSecondMaximumThe maximum disk write bytes per second of the

current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk write (MiB/

second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
disk write bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_WRITE_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMU
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDiskWriteOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum disk write operations per second of

the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Disk write

(operations/second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics disk write operations per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_DISK_WRITE_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsEbsReadBytesPerSecondMaximum The maximum bytes read per second for volumes

attached to instances in the current Auto Scaling
group observed during the lookback period (up to
14 days).

This field is displayed as the EBS read bandwidth

(MiB/second) graph in the Auto Scaling group
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS read bandwidth bytes per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_READ_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsEbsReadOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum number of read operations per

second for volumes attached to instances in the
current Auto Scaling group observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the EBS read

operations (per second) graph in the
Auto Scaling group details page. This field
is labeled Utilization metrics EBS read
throughput operations per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_READ_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsEbsWriteBytesPerSecondMaximumThe maximum bytes written per second for

volumes attached to instances in the current
Auto Scaling group observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the EBS write bandwidth

(MiB/second) graph in the Auto Scaling group
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS write bandwidth bytes per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_WRITE_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsEbsWriteOpsPerSecondMaximum The maximum number of write operations per

second for volumes attached to instances in the
current Auto Scaling group observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the EBS write

operations (per second) graph in the
Auto Scaling group details page. This field
is labeled Utilization metrics EBS write
throughput operations per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_EBS_WRITE_OPS_PER_SECOND_MAXIMUM
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsMemoryMaximum The maximum memory utilization metric of

instances in the current Auto Scaling group
observed during the lookback period (up to 14
days).

This field is displayed as the Memory

utilization (percent) graph in the Auto Scaling
group details page. This field is labeled
Utilization metrics memory maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_MEMORY_MAXIMUM in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsNetworkInBytesPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network in bytes per second of the
current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network in (MiB/

second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
network in bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_IN_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAXIM
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsNetworkOutBytesPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network out bytes per second of
the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network out

(MiB/second) graph in the EC2 instance details
page. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
network out bytes per second maximum
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_OUT_BYTES_PER_SECOND_MAX
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsNetworkPacketsInPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network packets in per second of
the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network packets

in (per second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics network packets in per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_PACKETS_IN_PER_SECOND_MAX
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsNetworkPacketsOutPerSecondMaximum
The maximum network packets out per second of
the current instance observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Network packets

out (per second) graph in the EC2 instance
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics network packets out per second
maximum on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
utilizationMetrics_NETWORK_PACKETS_OUT_PER_SECOND_M
in the export .csv file.

EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesEnhancedInfrastructureMetrics
The status of the enhanced infrastructure metrics
recommendation preference for the listed
recommendation. An Active status confirms
the recommendation listed is considering the
longer three-month lookback period. An Inactive
status confirms that the recommendation is not
yet considering the longer lookback period. For
more information, see Enhanced infrastructure
metrics (p. 28).

This field is displayed as the Effective enhanced

infrastructure metrics column in the Auto
Scaling group recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. On the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, it's labeled as Effective recommendation
preferences enhanced infrastructure metrics,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesEnhancedInfrastructureM

EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesCpuVendorArchitectures
The CPU vendor and architecture for an Auto
Scaling group recommendation.

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Effective recommendation
preferences CPU vendor architectures,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesCpuVendorArchitectures

CurrentPerformanceRisk The performance risk rating for a current Auto

Scaling group.

This field is displayed as the Current performance

risk column in the Auto Scaling groups
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. On the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, it's labeled as
Current performance risk, and in the export .csv
file, it's labeled as CurrentPerformanceRisk.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage
The estimated monthly savings possible as a
percentage of monthly cost by adopting Compute
Optimizer recommendations for an Auto Scaling
group.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options savings opportunity percentage,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage.

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency
The currency of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Recommendation options
estimated monthly savings currency,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency.

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue
The value of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options estimated monthly savings value,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue.

EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesInferredWorkloadTypes
The status of the inferred workload type
recommendation preference for the listed
recommendation. For more information, see
Inferred workload type (p. 37).

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Effective recommendation
preferences inferred workload types,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
EffectiveRecommendationPreferencesInferredWorkloadTypes.

InferredWorkloadTypes The application that might be running on the

instances in the Auto Scaling group as detected
by Compute Optimizer. For more information, see
Inferred workload types (p. 55).

On the Export recommendations page of the

Compute Optimizer console, this field is labeled
as Inferred workload types, and in the export .csv
file, it's labeled as InferredWorkloadTypes.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsMigrationEffort The level of effort that might be required to

migrate from the current instance type to
the recommended instance type. For more
information, see Inferred workload types (p. 55).

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field is
labeled as Recommendation options migration
effort, and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsMigrationEffort.

EBS volume recommendation fields

API field name Description

AccountId The AWS account ID in which the current EBS

volume was created.

This field is displayed as the Account ID column in

the Amazon EBS volumes recommendations and
volume details pages of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Account ID on the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, and as accountId in the
export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationVolumeBaselineIOPS The baseline input/output operations per second

(IOPS) of the current EBS volume.

This field is displayed as the Current IOPS column

in the Amazon EBS volumes recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Current baseline IOPS
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentConfigurationVolumeBaselineIOPS in the
export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationVolumeBaselineThroughput The baseline throughput of the current EBS

volume.

This field is displayed as the Current

throughput column in the Amazon EBS volumes
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current baseline
throughput on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentConfigurationVolumeBaselineThroughput
in the export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationVolumeBurstIOPS The burst input/output operations per second

(IOPS) of the current EBS volume.

This field is displayed as the Burst IOPS

column in the Amazon EBS volume details

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API field name Description

page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Current burst IOPS
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentConfigurationVolumeBurstIOPS in the
export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationVolumeBurstThroughput The volume burst throughput of the current EBS

volume.

This field is displayed as the Burst throughput

column in the Amazon EBS volume details
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Current burst throughput
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentConfigurationVolumeBurstThroughput
in the export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationVolumeSize The current size (in GB) of the current EBS volume.

This field is displayed as the Current size column

in the Amazon EBS volumes recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Current volume size on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as CurrentConfigurationVolumeSize
in the export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationVolumeType The volume type of the current EBS volume.

This field is displayed as the Current volume

type column in the Amazon EBS volumes
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current volume
type on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentConfigurationVolumeType in the
export .csv file.

CurrentMonthlyPrice The current monthly price of the current EBS

volume.

This field is displayed as theCurrent monthly

price column in the Amazon EBS volumes
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current monthly
price on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
currentMonthlyPrice in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

Finding The finding classification for the current

EBS volume. EBS volumes can be classified
as optimized, or not optimized. For more
information, see EBS volume finding
classifications (p. 68).

This field is displayed as the Finding column in

the Amazon EBS volumes recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Finding on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
finding in the export .csv file.

LastRefreshTimestamp The timestamp of when the EBS volume

recommendation was last refreshed.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Last refresh timestamp on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as lastRefreshTimestamp in the
export .csv file.

LookbackPeriodInDays The number of preceding days for which Compute

Optimizer analyzed metric data from the current
EBS volume to generate the recommendation.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled Look-back
period in days on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
lookBackPeriodInDays in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationVolumeBaselineIOPS
The baseline input/output operations per second
(IOPS) of the EBS volume recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

IOPS column in the Amazon EBS volumes
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Recommended
baseline IOPS on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationVolumeBasel
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationVolumeBaselineThroughput
The baseline throughput of the EBS volume
recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

throughput column in the Amazon EBS
volumes recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommended baseline throughput
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationVolumeBasel
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationVolumeBurstIOPS
The burst input/output operations per second
(IOPS) of the EBS volume recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Burst IOPS

column in the Amazon EBS volume details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Recommended burst
IOPS on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationVolumeBurstI
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationVolumeBurstThroughput
The volume burst throughput of the EBS volume
recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Burst throughput

column in the Amazon EBS volume details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Recommended burst
throughput on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationVolumeBurstT
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationVolumeSize The current size (in GB) of the EBS volume

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

size column in the Amazon EBS volumes
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Recommended
volume size on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationVolumeSize
in the export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationVolumeType The volume type of the EBS volume

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

volume type in the Amazon EBS volumes
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Recommended
volume type on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationVolumeType
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsMonthlyPrice The monthly price of the EBS volume

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

monthly price column in the Amazon EBS
volumes recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Recommended monthly price
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_MonthlyPrice
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsPerformanceRisk The performance risk of the EBS volume

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Performance

risk column in the Amazon EBS volume
details page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Performance
risk on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
recommendationOptions_<rank>_performanceRisk
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsVolumeReadBytesPerSecondMaximum
The maximum read bytes per second metric of the
current EBS volume observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Read bandwidth

(KiB/second) graph in the Amazon EBS volume
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS read bytes per second (maximum)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsVolumeReadBytesPerSecondMaximum
in the export .csv file.

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API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsVolumeReadOpsPerSecondMaximum
The maximum read operations per second metric
of the current EBS volume observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Read operations

(per second) graph in the Amazon EBS volume
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS read operations per second
(maximum) on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsVolumeReadOpsPerSecondMaximum
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsVolumeWriteBytesPerSecondMaximum
The maximum write bytes per second metric
of the current EBS volume observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Write bandwidth

(KiB/second) graph in the Amazon EBS volume
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS write bytes per second (maximum)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsVolumeWriteBytesPerSecondMaximum
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsVolumeWriteOpsPerSecondMaximum
The maximum write operations per second metric
of the current EBS volume observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Write operations

(per second) graph in the Amazon EBS volume
details page. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics EBS write operations per second
(maximum) on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsVolumeWriteOpsPerSecondMaximum
in the export .csv file.

VolumeArn The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the current

EBS volume.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled EBS
volume ARN on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
VolumeArn in the export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

CurrentPerformanceRisk The performance risk rating for a current EBS

volume.

This field is displayed as the Current performance

risk column in the EBS volumes recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. On the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, it's labeled as Current
performance risk, and in the export .csv file, it's
labeled as CurrentPerformanceRisk.

RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage
The estimated monthly savings possible as a
percentage of monthly cost by adopting Compute
Optimizer recommendations for an EBS volume.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options savings opportunity percentage,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage.

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency
The currency of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Recommendation options
estimated monthly savings currency,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency.

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue
The value of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options estimated monthly savings value,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue.

Lambda function recommendation fields

API field name Description

AccountId The AWS account ID in which the current Lambda

function was created.

This field is displayed as the Account ID column

in the Lambda functions recommendations and
function details pages of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Account ID on the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, and as accountId in the
export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

CurrentConfigurationMemorySize The amount of memory (in MB) currently

configured on the current Lambda function.

This field is displayed as the Current configured

memory column in the Lambda functions
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current configured
memory on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and
as CurrentConfigurationMemorySize in the
export .csv file.

CurrentConfigurationTimeout The timeout time currently configured on the

current Lambda function.

This field is displayed as the Timeout column in

the Lambda functions recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console. This field is
labeled Timeout on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentConfigurationTimeout in the export .csv
file.

CurrentCostAverage The average current cost of the current Lambda

function.

This field is displayed listed as the Current cost

(average) column in the Lambda functions
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Current cost
(average) on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
CurrentCostAverage in the export .csv file.

CurrentCostTotal The total current cost of the current Lambda

function.

This field is listed as the Current cost column

in the Lambda functions recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Current cost (total) on the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, and as CurrentCostTotal in the
export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

Finding The finding classification for the current Lambda

function. Lambda functions can be classified
as under-provisioned, over-provisioned, or
optimized. For more information, see Lambda
function finding classifications (p. 72).

This field is listed as the Finding column in the

Lambda functions recommendations page of the
Compute Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Finding on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as finding in
the export .csv file.

FindingReasonCodes The finding reason for the current Lambda

function. Lambda functions can have a
finding reason of memory under-provisioned,
memory over-provisioned, insufficient data, or
inconclusive. For more information, see Lambda
finding classifications (p. 72).

This field is listed as the Finding reason column

in the Lambda functions recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Finding reason on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as FindingReasonCodes in the
export .csv file.

FunctionArn The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the current

Lambda function.

This field is not listed in the Compute Optimizer

console. This field is labeled Function ARN on the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, and as FunctionArn in the
export .csv file.

FunctionVersion The version of the current Lambda function.

This field is listed as the Function version column

in the Lambda functions recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console. This
field is labeled Function version on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as FunctionVersion in the export .csv
file.

LastRefreshTimestamp The timestamp of when the Lambda function

recommendation was last refreshed.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Last refresh timestamp on the Export
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console, and as lastRefreshTimestamp in the
export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

LookbackPeriodInDays The number of preceding days for which

Compute Optimizer analyzed metric data from
the current Lambda function to generate the
recommendation.

This field is not displayed in the Compute

Optimizer console. This field is labeled Look-back
period in days on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
lookBackPeriodInDays in the export .csv file.

NumberOfInvocations The number of invocations for the current

Lambda function during the look-back period.

This field is displayed as the Invocations (count)

graph in the Lambda function details page. This
field is labeled Number of invocations on the
Export recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console, and as NumberOfInvocations
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsConfigurationMemorySize The amount of memory (in MB) of the Lambda

function recommendation.

This field is listed as the Recommended

configured memory in the Lambda functions
recommendations page of the Compute
Optimizer console. This field is labeled
Recommended configured memory on
the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ConfigurationMemorySize
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsCostHigh The upper range cost of the Lambda function

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

cost (high) column in the Lambda functions
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Recommended
cost (high) on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_CostHigh in
the export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsCostLow The lower range cost of the Lambda function

recommendation.

This field is displayed as the Recommended

cost (low) column in the Lambda functions
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Recommended
cost (low) on the Export recommendations
page of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_CostLow in
the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsDurationExpected
The projected duration of the Lambda function
recommendation.

This field is listed as the Projected duration

(expected) column in the Lambda functions
details page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Utilization metrics
Lambda duration milliseconds expected
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ProjectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsDurationLowerBound
The projected minimum amount of time that the
recommended Lambda function would have spent
processing events if the recommended Lambda
function had been used during the look-back
period. The lower bound together with the upper
bound form a range of time that the Lambda
function recommendation option is projected to
spend processing an event.

This field is listed as the Projected duration

(low) column in the Lambda functions details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics
Lambda duration milliseconds (lower bound)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ProjectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsProjectedUtilizationMetricsDurationUpperBound
The projected maximum amount of time that the
recommended Lambda function would have spent
processing events if the recommended Lambda
function had been used during the look-back
period. The lower bound together with the upper
bound form a range of time that the Lambda
function recommendation option is projected to
spend processing an event.

This field is listed as the Projected duration

(high) column in the Lambda functions details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics
Lambda duration milliseconds (upper
bound) on the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, and as
RecommendationOptions_<rank>_ProjectedUtilizationMetrics
in the export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDurationAverage The average duration metric of the current

Lambda function observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Duration (average)

column in the Lambda function details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics
Lambda duration milliseconds (average)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsDurationAverage in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsDurationMaximum The maximum duration metric of the current

Lambda function observed during the lookback
period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Duration (maximum)

column in the Lambda function details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics
Lambda duration milliseconds (maximum)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsDurationMaximum in the
export .csv file.

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Recommendations file

API field name Description

UtilizationMetricsMemoryAverage The average memory utilization metric of the

current Lambda function observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Used memory

(average) column in the Lambda function
details page of the Compute Optimizer
console. This field is labeled Utilization
metrics Lambda memory used MB (average)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsMemoryAverage in the
export .csv file.

UtilizationMetricsMemoryMaximum The maximum memory utilization metric of the

current Lambda function observed during the
lookback period (up to 14 days).

This field is displayed as the Memory (maximum)

column in the Lambda function details
page of the Compute Optimizer console.
This field is labeled Utilization metrics
Lambda memory used MB (maximum)
on the Export recommendations page of
the Compute Optimizer console, and as
UtilizationMetricsMemoryMaximum in the
export .csv file.

CurrentPerformanceRisk The performance risk rating for a current Lambda

function.

This field is displayed as the Current performance

risk column in the Lambda functions
recommendations page of the Compute Optimizer
console. On the Export recommendations page
of the Compute Optimizer console, it's labeled as
Current performance risk, and in the export .csv
file, it's labeled as CurrentPerformanceRisk.

RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage
The estimated monthly savings possible as a
percentage of monthly cost by adopting Compute
Optimizer recommendations for a Lambda
function.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options savings opportunity percentage,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsSavingsOpportunityPercentage.

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Metadata file

API field name Description

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency
The currency of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page of

the Compute Optimizer console, this field
is labeled as Recommendation options
estimated monthly savings currency,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsCurrency.

RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue
The value of the estimated monthly savings.

On the Export recommendations page

of the Compute Optimizer console, this
field is labeled as Recommendation
options estimated monthly savings value,
and in the export .csv file, it's labeled as
RecommendationOptionsEstimatedMonthlySavingsValue.

Metadata file
A metadata .json file is output with every export job. It includes the schema information for the
associated recommendations file, such as the dialect of the data, column definitions, column
descriptions, and more. The file is meant to help parse the export file, and describe its contents. The
metadata file is saved in the same S3 bucket and prefix that you specified for the export file.

The metadata file includes the following properties for each exported column, or field:

• Name - The export field recommendations column name.

• Titles - The user-friendly recommendations column name.
• Datatype - The type of data for the column.
• Null - The string to expect if the column is null.
• Required - Indicates if the column data is required.

The following is an example of the information included in the metadata file.

{
"@context": [
"http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"
],
"url": "us-east-1-2020-05-18T001229Z-f264881a-bfb3-4676-9b14-8d1243599ebb.csv",
"dc:title": "EC2 Instance Recommendations",
"dialect": {
"encoding": "utf-8",
"lineTerminators": [
"\n"
],
"doubleQuote": true,
"skipRows": 0,
"header": true,
"headerRowCount": 1,
"delimiter": ",",
"skipColumns": 0,
"skipBlankRows": false,
"trim": false
},

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Metadata file

"dc:modified": {
"@value": "2020-05-20",
"@type": "xsd:date"
},
"tableSchema": {
"columns": [
{
"name": "accountId",
"titles": "Account ID",
"datatype": "string",
"null": "",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "instanceArn",
"titles": "Instance Arn",
"datatype": "string",
"null": "",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "utilizationMetrics_CPU_MAXIMUM",
"titles": "Cpu Maximum Utilization Metrics",
"datatype": "double",
"null": "",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "recommendations_count",
"titles": "Number of recommendations",
"datatype": "integer",
"required": true
},
{
"name": "recommendationOptions_1_instanceType",
"titles": "Recommendation 1 Instance Type",
"datatype": "integer",
"null": "",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "lastRefreshTimestamp_UTC",
"titles": "Last Resfreshed Timestamp UTC",
"datatype": "datetime",
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
"null": "",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "errorCode",
"titles": "Error Code",
"datatype": "string",
"required": true
},
{
"name": "errorMessage",
"titles": "Error Message",
"datatype": "string",
"required": true
}
]
}
}

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Troubleshooting failed export jobs

Troubleshooting failed export jobs

You might experience one of the following error messages when trying to export your resource
recommendations. Use the information provided to try to resolve the error before trying to export your
recommendations again.

You don't have permissions to the Amazon S3 bucket specified. Confirm the permissions of your S3
bucket and try again.

Confirm that you have configured the required permissions on your Amazon S3 bucket. For more
information, see Amazon S3 bucket policy for AWS Compute Optimizer (p. 21).

The Amazon S3 bucket specified is public. Only private S3 buckets are supported.

Your Amazon S3 bucket must be set to block public access. For more information, see Blocking public
access to your Amazon S3 storage in the Amazon Simple Storage Service User Guide.

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Document history for AWS Compute

Optimizer
The following table describes the documentation for this release of AWS Compute Optimizer.

• API version: 2019-11-30

• Latest documentation update: April 7, 2022

The following table describes the documentation for this release of Compute Optimizer.

update-history-change update-history-description update-history-date

Compute Optimizer adds Compute Optimizer now April 7, 2022

support for additional Amazon supports C5d, C6a, C6i, I2,
EC2 instance types (p. 121) Im4gn, Is4gen, M5ad, M6a,
M6i, and R6i Amazon EC2
instance types in all AWS
Regions where those instance
types are available, and where
Compute Optimizer is available.
This update does not apply in
the China (Beijing) and China
(Ningxia) Regions. For more
information, see Amazon EC2
instance requirements.

Workload-aware With the new inferred workload January 10, 2022

recommendations and migration types feature, Compute
effort now available (p. 121) Optimizer can infer the
applications that might be
running on your resources,
such as EC2 instances and Auto
Scaling groups. It does this
by analyzing the attributes of
your resources, such as resource
names, tags, and configuration.
By inferring applications,
Compute Optimizer is able to
generate recommendations
that take your applications
into account. It's also able to
identify the level of effort
required to migrate from the
current instance type to the
recommended instance type. For
more information, see Inferred
workload type.

View savings and performance Identify your biggest cost and November 29, 2021
improvement opportunities for performance improvement
your resources, and activate opportunities in the new
Savings opportunity and

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enhanced infrastructure Performance improvement

metrics (p. 121) opportunity sections of
the dashboard. For more
information, see Viewing the
AWS Compute Optimizer
dashboard. You can also now
extend the metrics analysis
lookback period for EC2
instances and Auto Scaling
groups up to three months
(compared to the 14-day
default). To do this, activate
enhanced infrastructure metrics,
which is a paid feature of
Compute Optimizer. For more
information, see Activating
enhanced infrastructure metrics.

Updated AWS managed The November 29, 2021

policies for AWS Compute ComputeOptimizerServiceRolePolicy
Optimizer (p. 121) and
ComputeOptimizerReadOnlyAccess
AWS managed policies for
AWS Compute Optimizer were
updated. For more information,
see AWS managed policies for
AWS Compute Optimizer.

AWS Graviton-based instance Compute Optimizer now gives August 26, 2021
recommendations (p. 121) you the price and performance
impact of running your workload
on AWS Graviton-based
instances. For more information,
see AWS Graviton-based
instance recommendations. You
can also now view the member
accounts of an organization
that are opted in to Compute
Optimizer if your account is
the management account of
the organization. For more
information, see Viewing the
accounts opted in to AWS
Compute Optimizer.

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Amazon EC2 instance Compute Optimizer now May 24, 2021

recommendations supports a wider range of
enhancements (p. 121) Amazon EC2 instance types,
it evaluates a wider range of
instance metrics to generate
recommendations, it provides
finding reasons for instance
recommendations, and
it describes the platform
differences between the
current instance and the
recommended instance
type. For more information,
see Amazon EC2 instance
requirements, EC2 instance
metrics, Finding reasons, and
Platform differences.

Recommendations export for Recommendations for Amazon May 18, 2021

Amazon EBS volumes and EBS volumes and Lambda
Lambda functions (p. 121) functions can now be exported
to Amazon S3. For more
information, see Exporting
recommendations.

Adding documentation for AWS Compute Optimizer now tracks May 18, 2021
managed policies (p. 121) changes for its AWS managed
policies. For more information,
see AWS managed policies for
AWS Compute Optimizer.

AWS Lambda function Compute Optimizer now December 23, 2020

recommendations (p. 121) generates recommendations
for AWS Lambda functions.
For more information, see
Viewing AWS Lambda function
recommendations.

Amazon EBS volume Compute Optimizer now December 3, 2020

recommendations (p. 121) generates recommendations
for Amazon Elastic Block Store
(Amazon EBS) volumes. For more
information, see Viewing EBS
volume recommendations.

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Amazon EBS metrics and Compute Optimizer now October 7, 2020

encrypted S3 buckets (p. 121) analyzes the read/write
operations per second, and the
read/write bytes per second
of Amazon Elastic Block Store
(Amazon EBS) volumes attached
to an instance. The data is used
to generate recommendations.
You can also view EBS read/
write bandwidth (operations/
second), and EBS read/write
throughput (KiB/second) graphs
in the Compute Optimizer
console. For more information,
see Viewing EC2 instance
recommendations. You can also
now export recommendations to
encrypted Amazon S3 buckets.
For more information, see
Exporting recommendations.

Recommendations Recommendations can be June 10, 2020

export (p. 121) exported to Amazon Simple
Storage Service (Amazon S3).
For more information, see
Exporting recommendations.

Self-service opt out (p. 121) Self-service opt out is now April 6, 2020
supported by using the AWS
Command Line Interface. For
more information, see Opting
out your account.

Service release (p. 121) Compute Optimizer released. December 2, 2019

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