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85 OSPF Network Types

The document outlines various OSPF network types, including point-to-point, broadcast, non-broadcast, point-to-multipoint non-broadcast, and point-to-multipoint, detailing their configurations and behaviors. Each network type has specific hello and dead timers, as well as rules for neighbor discovery and DR/BDR election. Configuration examples for routers are provided for each network type, illustrating how to set up OSPF in different scenarios.

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20 views9 pages

85 OSPF Network Types

The document outlines various OSPF network types, including point-to-point, broadcast, non-broadcast, point-to-multipoint non-broadcast, and point-to-multipoint, detailing their configurations and behaviors. Each network type has specific hello and dead timers, as well as rules for neighbor discovery and DR/BDR election. Configuration examples for routers are provided for each network type, illustrating how to set up OSPF in different scenarios.

Uploaded by

ep230842
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSPF Network Types:

The network type defines how the neighbor relationship will be formed. Behavior of OSPF when
operating in these different network types – whether hellos are multicast or unicast, if DR/BDR
are elected, and so on. There are five different OSPF network types on a Cisco router point-to-
point, broadcast, non-broadcast, point-to-multipoint non-broadcast and point-to-multipoint.

Network Type Hello Timer Dead Timer Adjacency


Broadcast 10 40 Automatic + DR/BDR
Non-Broadcast 30 120 Manual + DR/BDR
Point-to-Multipoint 30 120 Automatic No DR/BDR
Point-to-Multipoint non-Broadcast 30 120 Manual No DR/BDR
Point-to-Point 10 40 Automatic No DR/BDR

1 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Point-to-Point Network:
This is the simplest form of the network types. Point-to-Point network types are intended to be
used between two directly connected routers. An example of a point-to-point link is a serial link
connecting just two routers using HDLC or PPP. With point-to-point links, OSPF does not select
a DR or BDR. In addition, hello packets are sent to the multicast address 224.0.0.5. The Point-to-
Point network type has a 10-second hello and 40-second dead timer. Discovers neighbors
dynamically.

R1 Configuration
R1(config)#interface s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1#show ip ospf interface s1/0
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
R2 Configuration
R2(config)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2#show ip ospf interface s1/0
R2#show ip ospf neighbor

2 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Capture packets of one of the serial interfaces, which will enable to look into the details of the
hello packet sent by the routers. The packet is sent to the multicast address of 224.0.0.5. In
addition, notice that the ‘Designated Router’ and ‘Backup Designated Router’ fields are set to
0.0.0.0 meaning there is no DR or BDR. 10-second hello and 40-second dead timer.

3 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Broadcast Networks:
A network type that connects two or more OSPF routers over a broadcast media such as
Ethernet. The Broadcast network type requires that a link support Layer 2 Broadcast
capabilities. On broadcast networks, neighbors are dynamically discovered by the hellos that
sent to the multicast address of 224.0.0.5. In addition, DR and BDR are elected on these
networks. The Broadcast network type has a 10 second hello and 40 second dead timer.

R3 Basic Configuration
R3(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R4 Basic Configuration
R4(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R5 Basic Configuration
R5(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
OSPF Configuration
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3#show ip ospf interface f0/0
R5#show ip ospf interface f0/0
R4#show ip ospf interface f0/0
R3# show ip ospf neighbor

4 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


A packet capture of the hello packet shown below. Notice that a DR and a BDR have been
elected on this network. The packet is sent to the multicast address of 224.0.0.5.

5 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Non-Broadcast Networks:
The Non-Broadcast network type is the default for OSPF enabled frame relay physical
interfaces. No dynamic neighbor discovery requires the configuration of static neighbors; hellos
are sent via unicast. The Non-Broadcast network type has a 30 second hello and 120 second
dead timer. An OSPF Non-Broadcast network type requires the use of a DR/BDR.

Routers Configurations
R6(config)# interface Serial1/0
R6(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R6(config-if)# no shutdown
R7(config)# interface Serial1/0
R7(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.7 255.255.255.0
R7(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R7(config-if)# no shutdown
R8(config)# interface Serial1/0
R8(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.0
R8(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R8(config-if)# no shutdown
R6(config)#router ospf 1 R7(config)#router ospf 1
R6(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 R7(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
0.0.0.255 area 0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R6(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.7 R7(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.6
R6(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.8 R7(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.8
R8(config)#router ospf 1
R8(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R8(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.6
R8(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.7
R6#show ip ospf interface s1/0 R7#show ip ospf interface s1/0

6 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Non-Broadcast Multi-Access:
When OSPF operates in NBMA mode, it mimics a broadcast network (DR/BDR are elected) but,
since broadcast is not supported, neighbors may need to be manually configured. One of the
limitations of this is that there must be a full mesh between the devices; i.e., neighbors must be
able to communicate directly; otherwise, the OSPF network may experience issues. The Non-
Broadcast Multi-Access network type has a 30-second hello and 120 second dead timer.

7 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Point-to-Multipoint:
In this mode, OSPF treats the non-broadcast network like a collection of point-to-point links.
There is no DR/BDR election, but neighbors may be automatically discovered, depending on
how the interface is configured. The interfaces have to be configured with the ip ospf network
point-to-multipoint command. The Point-to-Multipoint network type has a 30-second hello and
120 second dead timer.

Routers Configurations
R6(config)# interface Serial1/0
R6(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R6(config-if)# no shutdown
R6(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R7(config)# interface Serial1/0
R7(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.7 255.255.255.0
R7(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R7(config-if)# no shutdown
R6(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R8(config)# interface Serial1/0
R8(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.0
R8(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R8(config-if)# no shutdown
R6(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R6,R7,R8(config)#router ospf 1
R6,R7,R8(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R6#show ip ospf interface s1/0 R7#show ip ospf interface s1/0
R8#show ip ospf interface s1/0 R6# show ip ospf neighbor
R7# show ip ospf neighbor R8# show ip ospf neighbor

8 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


9 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717

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