Assignment 2: Java Programming Concepts
1. Method Overloading
Question: Explain Method Overloading and provide an example in Java.
Theory: Method Overloading allows multiple methods in the same class to have the same name but differe
It is achieved by changing the number of parameters or their types.
Code:
class OverloadingExample {
void display(int a) {
System.out.println("Integer: " + a);
void display(String b) {
System.out.println("String: " + b);
public static void main(String[] args) {
OverloadingExample obj = new OverloadingExample();
obj.display(10);
obj.display("Hello");
// Output:
// Integer: 10
// String: Hello
2. Static
Question: Explain the Static keyword in Java and provide an example.
Theory: The static keyword in Java is used for memory management. It can be applied to variables, method
Static members belong to the class rather than any specific instance.
Code:
class StaticExample {
static int count = 0;
StaticExample() {
count++;
static void showCount() {
System.out.println("Count: " + count);
public static void main(String[] args) {
new StaticExample();
new StaticExample();
StaticExample.showCount();
// Output:
// Count: 2
3. Nesting of Methods
Question: What is Nesting of Methods in Java? Provide an example.
Theory: Nesting of methods refers to calling one method inside another method within the same class.
Code:
class NestingExample {
void outerMethod() {
System.out.println("Outer method");
innerMethod();
}
void innerMethod() {
System.out.println("Inner method");
public static void main(String[] args) {
NestingExample obj = new NestingExample();
obj.outerMethod();
// Output:
// Outer method
// Inner method
4. Inheritance
Question: Explain Inheritance in Java with an example.
Theory: Inheritance is a mechanism where one class (child) acquires the properties and behaviors of anoth
Code:
class Parent {
void show() {
System.out.println("Parent class");
class Child extends Parent {
void display() {
System.out.println("Child class");
}
public class InheritanceExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Child obj = new Child();
obj.show();
obj.display();
// Output:
// Parent class
// Child class
5. Overriding
Question: What is Method Overriding in Java? Explain with an example.
Theory: Method Overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already
Code:
class Base {
void show() {
System.out.println("Base class");
class Derived extends Base {
@Override
void show() {
System.out.println("Derived class");
public class OverridingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Base obj = new Derived();
obj.show();
// Output:
// Derived class
6. Final Keyword, Variable & Methods
Question: Explain the Final keyword in Java and provide an example.
Theory: The final keyword is used to restrict modification. It can be applied to variables (to make them cons
methods (to prevent overriding), and classes (to prevent inheritance).
Code:
class FinalExample {
final int value = 100;
final void show() {
System.out.println("Final method");
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinalExample obj = new FinalExample();
System.out.println("Final variable: " + obj.value);
obj.show();
// Output:
// Final variable: 100
// Final method
7. Finalization
Question: What is Finalization in Java? Explain with an example.
Theory: Finalization is a mechanism where an object's cleanup code is executed before it is garbage collec
Code:
class FinalizationExample {
protected void finalize() {
System.out.println("Object is garbage collected");
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinalizationExample obj = new FinalizationExample();
obj = null;
System.gc();
// Output:
// Object is garbage collected
8. VARARGS
Question: What is VARARGS in Java? Provide an example.
Theory: VARARGS (Variable-Length Arguments) allows passing multiple arguments of the same type to a
Code:
class VarargsExample {
static void display(int... numbers) {
for (int num : numbers) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
System.out.println();
public static void main(String[] args) {
display(1, 2, 3);
display(10, 20, 30, 40, 50);
// Output:
// 1 2 3
// 10 20 30 40 50
9. Abstract and Class
Question: Explain Abstract Class in Java with an example.
Theory: An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can contain abstract methods (without
Code:
abstract class AbstractExample {
abstract void show();
class ConcreteClass extends AbstractExample {
void show() {
System.out.println("Concrete implementation");
public class AbstractTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AbstractExample obj = new ConcreteClass();
obj.show();
}
// Output:
// Concrete implementation
10. Dynamic Method Dispatch
Question: What is Dynamic Method Dispatch? Provide an example.
Theory: Dynamic Method Dispatch is a mechanism where a method call is resolved at runtime based on th
Code:
class ParentClass {
void display() {
System.out.println("Parent display");
class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
void display() {
System.out.println("Child display");
public class DynamicDispatchExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ParentClass obj = new ChildClass();
obj.display();
// Output:
// Child display
11. Visibility Control
Question: Explain Visibility Control in Java.
Theory: Visibility control determines the accessibility of class members using access modifiers: private, pro
Code:
class VisibilityExample {
private int privateVar = 10;
protected int protectedVar = 20;
public int publicVar = 30;
int defaultVar = 40;
void show() {
System.out.println("Private: " + privateVar);
System.out.println("Protected: " + protectedVar);
System.out.println("Public: " + publicVar);
System.out.println("Default: " + defaultVar);
public static void main(String[] args) {
VisibilityExample obj = new VisibilityExample();
obj.show();
// Output:
// Private: 10
// Protected: 20
// Public: 30
// Default: 40
