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Revised Reading Writing Module 1 CORE

Bachelor of Secondary Education (Cebu Normal University)

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

READING AND
WRITING
Quarter 1 – Module 1
“READING AND THINKING STRATEGIES
ACROSS TEXT TYPES”

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Reading and Writing – Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 1: Reading and Thinking Strategies Across Text Types

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Juvelyn B. Binondo

Editor: Dr. Elmalou L. Orandoy
Reviewer: Dr. Clavel D. Salinas
Illustrator: Juvelyn B. Binondo
Layout Artist: Juvelyn B. Binondo
Management Team: Dr. Marilyn S. Andales Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Leah B. Apao Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Ester A. Futalan Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Cartesa M. Perico Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores CID Chief
Dr. Novie O Mangubat SGOD Chief
Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas Education Program Supervisor—LRMDS
Dr. Clavel D. Salinas Division SHS Coordinator

Marivic M. Yballe Moderator

Dr. Elmalou L. Orandoy Evaluator

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education—Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City 6000 Cebu
Telephone Number: (032) 520-3216 – 520-3217
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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INTRODUCTION
Amidst COVID-19 pandemic, this doesn’t stop us from learning new things every day.
As we’re adapting to the new normal, Department of Education (DEPED) extends efforts to
innovate and explore variety of Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) of teaching to cater
learner’s holistic development even at the peak of an insurmountable odds. One of those is
through the use of Teacher-Made Educational Modules.
This module is designed both for interactive learning and independent study that allow
the acquisition of various reading and writing competencies given in the Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC). This focuses on the reading and writing strategies across
text types. The approach of this module utilized the 4C’s of Communication, Critical Thinking,
Creation, and Collaboration to enable the learners to develop the 21st century skills needed in
the process of acquiring the desired course competencies. The activities and reading texts
are especially crafted and carefully selected to ensure the inclusion of the different Tracks
(Academic, TVL, Sports and Arts) in Senior High School best suited for their varied
inclinations (e.g. business, sciences, information technology, engineering, fine arts, education,
and humanities).
This module contains the following parts and their corresponding icons:
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW This keeps the learners on track with the MELC, Objectives and Skills
expected for them to be developed and mastered.
[Grab your reader’s
WHAT I KNOW This aims to check the learners’ prior knowledge on the lesson
to take.

WHAT’S IN This helps the learners link the previous lesson to the current one
through short exercises.

WHAT’S NEW This introduces the lesson to be partaken, may it be through an

activity, a game, a problem opener, a situation or the like.

WHAT IS IT This gives a brief discussion on the lesson. It guides and helps the
learners to unlock the lesson.

WHAT’S MORE This part solidifies the learners’ knowledge and skills of the
given topic through comprehensive activity/ies.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

This helps process the students’ learning and understanding on the
given topic.

WHAT I CAN DO This assesses how the acquired knowledge and learning is
transferred to real-life situations.

ASSESSMENT This part or activity assesses the students’ level of mastery towards
the featured topic.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY This additional part of the module let the students enhance their
learning on the topic.

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CHAPTER 1

Lesson 1: Using Patterns of Development in Writing Across Disciplines

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Learning Essentials

Learning Competency:
Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines.
(EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3)

Learning Objectives:
Identify the features of the different patterns of development;
Recognize the transitions that signal each pattern of development; and
Write an essay using any of the patterns of development.

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Let’s Check your Knowledge!

PRE-ASSESSMENT

INSTRUCTIONS: Supply the blanks with appropriate transitional devices (can be used more
than once) found in the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
consequently because Furthermore indeed
instead for example Although in fact
in addition on the other hand Meanwhile unfortunately

Three students of Consolacion Community College will compete in the National Sports
Olympics on August 14, 2021 at Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.
Jimmy Ricks Grajo, Mary Antonette Dinampo and Julius Cezar Candido, all from the
Agriculture Department will represent the College in the track in field.
_________________ (1) the three of them are currently graduating students, still they make
sure to manage their time well both in academics and extra-curricular activities.
Their coach, Dr. William John Pacleb, revealed that Grajo is _________________ (2)
vying for Magna Cum Laude.
Grajo said in an interview that he is determined to win in the walkathon. “Huling hirit ko
na ito,” he added.
____________________ (3) it is a national level, Dinampo mentioned that she is
practicing well in high jump.
Asked about her training, the 19-year old fisheries major said that she practices every
day at the shore.
“____________________ (4), I also ensure that I take balanced diet,” she mentioned.
____________________ (5), Candido recalled his experience two years ago when he
was unable to win in the regional level; _________________ (6), he did not experience joining
the national competition.

“I did not stop there,” Candido said. “I challenged myself and cultivated my craft,
____________________ (7).”
Dr. Pacleb, __________________ (8), revealed that the team is recently looking for
sponsors of the three athletes.
“____________________ (9) we are still looking for sponsors, we are doing our best to train
for the Palaro. We are hopeful we can make it up there,” Pacleb said.
Asked about the reactions of their classmates and schoolmates about the performance of
these students, they exclaimed, “___________________ (10) we are very proud of them.
Good day everyone! Welcome to your Reading and Writing module.

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Today, you are going to take an informative journey.

I’ve prepared something for you to make sure you
enjoy learning just by staying at home. I know that despite the
hardships you are facing right now, still you do not limit yourself
to learn more, to discover new ideas and to engage in a lot of
interactive activities. So, to start with, you may take a short while to
check your prior learnings in this first task.

Let’s Take a Recap!

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the passage carefully. Pick the different transitional devices used,
then, construct your own sentences using these devices. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
The Mountains
There were two warring tribes in the Andes, one that lived in the lowlands and the other
high in the mountains. The mountain people invaded the lowlanders one day, and as part of
their plundering of the people, they kidnapped a baby of one of the lowlander families and took
the infant with them back up into the mountains.
The lowlanders didn’t know how to climb the mountain. They didn’t know any of the trails
that the mountain people used, and they didn’t know where to find the mountain people or how
to track them in the steep terrain.
Even so, they sent out their best party of fighting men to climb the mountain and bring the
baby home.
The men tried first one method of climbing and then another. They tried one trail and then
another. After several days of effort, however, they had climbed only several hundred feet.
Feeling hopeless and helpless, the lowlander men decided that the cause was lost, and
they prepared to return to their village below.
As they were packing their gear for the descent, they saw the baby’s mother walking
toward them. They realized that she was coming down the mountain that they hadn’t figured
out how to climb.
And then they saw that she had the baby strapped to her back. How could that be?
One man greeted her and said, “We couldn’t climb this mountain. How did you do this
when we, the strongest and most able men in the village, couldn’t do it?”
She shrugged her shoulders and said, “It wasn’t your baby.”
(Source: www.chickensoup.com/book-story/52515/moving-mountains)

Alright! that part was so easy. Now, this time, we will try to take a closer look on how
to organize ideas logically? How do you follow these ideas and understand a text better?
What are the transitional devices used?
We will find the answers to all of these as we go through with all the activities prepared
in this lesson. Now, are you ready to take the first step?

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Let’s Warm Up!

INSTRUCTIONS: Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast the nature of Reading from
the nature of Writing.

Reading Writing

Then, write an article based on the comparison and contrast of Reading and Writing on a
separate sheet of paper.

How’s the activity? Do you find it easy or difficult?

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Let’s Have Self – audit!

INSTRUCTIONS: Put a check mark on the box that determines to what extent you do practice
the following statements. Do this as objectively as possible. You can use your performance in
Let’s Warm Up as one of the bases in completing this task.

ALWAYS SELDOM NEVER

(3) (2) (1)
1. I identify the patterns used to develop ideas
in the text I read.
2. I use signal words as a clue to identify the
pattern used in the text.
3. To understand a text better, I use an
appropriate graphic organizer in arranging its
details.
4. I use the topic/main idea as a guide in
recognizing the pattern of development.
5. I adjust my note-taking strategies to the
pattern used in the text.
TOTAL

GRAND TOTAL
/15

Score Level of Proficiency

14 – 15 Advanced
13 Proficient
12 Approaching Proficiency
11 Developing Proficiency
10 and below Beginning Proficiency

Good job! I know you’ve got the highest level. Now, let’s learn more about the features of the
different patterns of development.

Let’s Communicate!

Paragraphs can be developed using a variety of patterns that reflect your thinking about
the material. As a jumpstart, you explore for ways to structure your thinking. The logical
arrangement of ideas is known as the pattern of development. The pattern helps you follow
ideas easily and understand a text better. Having the ability to recognize it will help you
distinguish major details from minor ones and predict ideas.
Kirszner and Mandell (2002) in their brief Holt Handbook, (2nd edition) encapsulated
the ten (10) different patterns by which ideas are developed. As much as you want to note the

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transitional devices used to determine the pattern of development of ideas in a text, it is more
important that you also understand the meaning of the text.

Patterns
of Characteristics of Signal Words
Development each mode of writing Used
Narration This sort of paragraph requires chronological Soon, during, later,
ordering. Using transitional words and phrases meanwhile, when,
that signal time are highly recommended. It is like suddenly, thereafter,
telling a story. in the end, ultimately
Description In this paragraph, you convey how something Between, beneath,
sounds, smells, tastes, feels, and/or looks. Using beyond, here, over,
transitional words and phrases that indicate outside, on top of,
location are often recommended. farther, throughout
Definition A paragraph demonstrating this technique will Means, as defined,
include a definition of the term, the class to which is defined as, refers
it belongs, and the details that differentiate it from to, to define, to
the other members of the class. illustrate
Exemplification This paragraph uses specific illustrations to clarify For example, for
a general statement. Using transitional words and instance, in other
phrases that signal examples are recommended. words, in particular
Comparison A paragraph that demonstrates comparison and/or Similarly, also, as,
and Contrast contrast examines how given subjects are either like, in comparison,
similar or different. Comparison examines how the although, despite,
subjects are the same while contrast examines otherwise, unlike,
how the subjects are different. but, yet, however
Cause and When use this technique, you are exploring why Because, since, for,
Effect events occur and what happens as a result of due to, inasmuch as,
them. Transitional words and phrases that signal hence, therefore, so,
causes and effects are suggested. consequently, thus
Process A paragraph using process describes how First, second, etc.
Analysis something works, presented by series of steps in next, then, as soon
a strict chronological order. as, before, finally
Division and When you use the division strategy, you are Another, classified
Classification discussing a single item and breaking it down into as, one kind,
its components. Whereas, when you use the another kind, final
classification technique, you are taking many type, the first
separate items and grouping them into categories category, the last
according to qualities and characteristics that they group, the next part
all share.
Problem- This pattern presents the readers with a problem Nonetheless, one
Solution (a cause) and some facts or reasons why it is a reason for the, one
problem. The closing statement underscores the solution is, one way
connection between the problem and the solution. is, the problem
Persuasion This sort of paragraph requires convincing the Indeed, in fact, all in
readers that the opinion of the writer on a subject all, as a result,
is the right one. Considering the type of audience certainly, to sum up,
and the kind of evidences your audience would to emphasize, in
likely respond to are helpful. conclusion, truly
(Source: Kirszner and Mandell The Brief Holt Handbook, second edition, University Center for
Learning Assistance, Illinois State University)
Note: Some of the transitional devices can be used in any of the patterns, it just simply
depends on how it is being used in the text.

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Example Texts
For Narration

Before the girls got to the porch, I heard their laughter crackling and popping like pine
logs in a cooking stove. I suppose my lifelong paranoia was born in those cold, molasses-slow
minutes. They came finally to stand on the ground in front of Momma. At first, they pretended
seriousness. Then, one of them wrapped her right arm in the crook of her left, pushed out her
mouth and started to hum. I realized that she was aping my grandmother.
(Source: http://highered.mheducation.com)
Narratives contain a “story” component- characters, setting, conflict, climax and resolution. It
is not simply listing the events; it is pointing in the direction of a story using specific details.
For Description
A laptop is one of the greatest inventions of the modern era. It is a lightweight device
that can save a vast amount of information. The screen, touchpad, speakers, keyboard,
battery, and AC adapter are the basic parts of a laptop. The most noticeable part of a laptop
is its screen, which is responsible for displaying information. Another major component is the
keyboard. On it are the keys needed to enter data into the computer. Near the keyboard you
will find a smooth, rectangular surface which acts like a desktop computer mouse- this is the
touchpad. At the bottom part of this rectangular surface, you will see buttons that operate like
a mouse button. Below the keyboard and touchpad, built into the laptop itself are the speakers
which allow you to hear sounds and music. Found at the back of the keyboard is the battery;
it serves as the lifeline of the computer. Finally, a laptop also comes with an AC adapter which
charges the battery and serves as the source of electric power when it is plugged in.
(Source: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-pc)
There are two types of description- subjective and objective. Subjective description when
the writer is describing an impression of what is observed while objective description when
the writer has to stay away from emotional impressions or responses, bracketing his/her
biases and the goal is to present an impartial and actual picture of an object or scene.
For Definition
Bacterial endocarditis occurs when bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia) lodge on
abnormal heart valves or other damaged heart tissue. Certain bacteria normally live on parts
of your body, such as the mouth and upper respiratory system, the intestinal and urinary tracts,
and the skin. Some surgical and dental procedures cause a brief bacteremia. Bacteremia is
common after many invasive procedures, but only certain bacteria commonly cause
endocarditis.
(Bacterial Endocarditis. “American Heart Association. <http://www.americanheart.org)
In a definition paragraph (or essay), the writer’s goal is to help the reader understand new
terms or concepts, or to come to new understanding of terms they may be familiar with.
For Exemplification
In most respects, after all, Woodstock was a disaster. To begin with, it rained and rained
for weeks before the festival, and then, of course, it rained during the festival. The promoters
lost weeks of preparation time when the site had to be switched twice. They rented Yasgur’s
field less than a month before the concert. The stage wasn’t finished, and the sound system
was stitched together perilously close to the start of the show. As soon as the festival opened,

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the water- and the food- delivery arrangements broke down, the gates and fences
disintegrated, and tens of thousands of new bodies kept pouring in. (One powerful lure was
the rumor that the revered Bob Dylan was going to perform; he wasn’t.) In response to an
emergency appeal for volunteers, fifty doctors were flown in. The Air Force brought in food on
Huey helicopters, and the Women’s Community Center in Monticello sent thirty thousand
sandwiches. One kid was killed as he was run over by a tractor, one died of appendicitis, and
another died of a drug overdose.
(Source: Hal Espen, “The Woodstock Wars”, http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu)
In the paragraph above, the examples are piled one after the other. Each example gives a
specific illustration of how Woodstock was a disaster: it rained; the promoters had to switch
sites; water and food were not delivered as planned, and so on. Sometimes, a single example
is already compelling; hence, a main idea is sufficiently supported.
For Comparison and Contrast
Are you not sure yet which phone to buy? To help you decide, this review will inspect
the basic similarities and differences of the flagship phones of two giant companies: Apple’s
iPhone 6 and Samsung’s Galaxy S5. Both brag to be the best smart phones in the market to
date. While these state-of-the art phones have similarities in the form of their sleek design,
multi-touch touch screen, and multimedia features, they have their distinctive features as well.
First, Galaxy S5 has a larger screen at 5.1 inches as compared to iPhone 6’s 4.7 inches. As
for the operating system, iPhone 6 uses iOS (8.x) while S5 uses Android (5.0,4.4.2). In terms
of the camera, S5 has a 2.1-megapixel front-facing camera which is higher than iPhone’s 1.2
megapixels. Unlike S5, iPhone’s battery is not user-replaceable and has a shorter talk time,
but when it comes to built-in storage, iPhone 6 outperforms S5. Now that you know the basic
differences of the two phones, you can decide!
(Source: https://www.gadgetsnow.com/)
A paragraph that demonstrates comparison and/or contrast examines how given subjects
are either similar or different.
For Cause and Effect
Global climate change resulting from the accumulation of greenhouse gases, for
example, is likely to have significant health effects, both direct and indirect. An average global
temperature rises of 3-4⁰C, predicted for the year 2100 by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, will greatly increase the number of days in the United States with
temperatures over 38⁰C (100⁰F), with a resulting sharp rise in heat-related mortality. Deaths
would occur primarily from heat strokes, heart attacks, and cerebral strokes. The very young,
poor, and elderly, as well as those with chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, are
most at risk. During the two-week heat wave of July 1993 in the eastern United states, 84
people died in Philadelphia alone as a result of the higher temperatures.
(Source: http://slsuwritersblock.blogspot.com/)
It is essential that when writing a paragraph that shows cause-and /or effect, you know which
factor to highlight-causes of effects, and determine the reason of discussing the cause and/or
effect.

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For Process Analysis

There are basically two ways to make a web page. The first way is to create the page(s)
offline and then upload them to your Internet Service Provider (ISP) via FTP. The second way
is to create your web page(s) online using a Telnet program by accessing your UNIX account,
if you have one.
If you are creating your web page(s)offline, do so in any text editing or word processing
document. Make sure that when you save your document, you save it as a “text”, “plain text”
or “text only” document. Otherwise it will not be read properly by a web browser. Once you
have created your page(s), you will need to contact your ISP about how to go about uploading
them to your server.
(Source: How to Create a Web Page, http://www.make-a-web-site.com/)

It is vital that as you write, you have a clear sense of your readers- what they might already
know, how familiar they are with the topic. In this way, you will be guided on what to include
and what to leave out and your reader will understand your directions and will be able to
perform the activity.

For Division and Classification

A computer language used for creating web documents can be classified according to
its purpose: HTML, JavaScript, and CCS. The first type of computer language, HTML, is the
basic language for creating an HTML, or web document. HTML, or Hypertext Markup
Language was developed in the 1980’s and revised until it reached its current form. The style
and content of a webpage is determined by HTML code, tags, and attributes. A text file ending
with the.html extension is written in a text editor such as Notepad, and then interpreted by a
browser. For example, the MSUGF homepage contains images, text, links, headers and other
HTML elements specified by HTML code which causes it to display in a web browser such as
Internet Explorer. The second type of computer language, CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets is
also a language used for creating web pages; however, its purpose is to describe a page’s
structure and style. An inline, embedded, or extended stylesheet is used in accompaniment to
HTML and indicates styles for features like fonts, colors, images and text. CSS is also used to
position elements on a web page, and to format how the page is displayed on various output
devices, including printed documents, monitors and hand held devices. The third language,
JavaScript, is a computer language used for creating executable application sin web
documents. Like HTML and CSS, JavaScript is created with a text editor and displayed by a
browser. An application is composed of objects like expressions, variables, values and
operators. An automatically updated time or date on a web page is a JavaScript application.
A script can be produced for various functions including hiding e-mail addresses from
spammers, or performing mathematical functions. HTML, JavaScript, and CSS computer
languages used for indicating the style, content, and formatting of elements within web pages
are constantly being revised to improve usability for the programmer and the end-user and to
offer endless options for web design.
(Source: Kelly Byron (2005), from http://english120.pbworks.com)

Division and classification pattern make it easy for individuals to locate what they are looking
for, but these organizational methods are also useful for understanding complex problems
and/or issues. It is also important to note that in writing a paragraph or essay involving division
and classification, knowing your goal is very important.

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For Problem-Solution

Malnutrition is a big health issue in Niger. Niger is located in Africa close to the Equator.
It has extremely high daytime temperatures and very little rainfall. Yearly droughts threaten
food production. As a result, many people starve. With 10 million people to feed, they need
more reliable food supply. The challenge for people living in Niger is to develop hardy drought
resistant crops. With ample food supplies, the people of Niger would experience better health.
(Source: http://grammar.about.com)

Problem-solution paragraphs are best when you can effectively address the question- what is
the problem, why is it a problem and how can the problem be solved.

For Persuasion

Laughter is one of the greatest healing devices known to man. Laughter is powerful and
can help people in many different ways. It has the power to cure something as little as a bad
day or to heal the wounds of a terminally ill person. Laughing has helped create the smile
which is the universal sign of well-being. Generally, individuals who do not laugh live miserably
and have unhappy lives. Dr. Robert Holden found out that smiling and laughing releases
endorphins in the brain which gives people an overall happy well-being. Using comedy, many
doctors have stimulated the healing process in manic depressants and fatally ill patients giving
them hope and ambition. In many clinics laughter is being used in replacing anti-depressants
and reduces the need for pain killers (Dr. Gael Crystal). Take comedians for example, they
usually live long and happy lives. Putting a smile on faces and laughs in souls is what makes
life complete. Laughter helps heal people and brightens spirits for a better and healthier life.
Laughing is a sign of joy and hope and keeps people normal and the world happy. Using the
techniques of laughter and happiness is the best medicine known to man. Laughter is the
universal sign of well-being and happiness within health. Laughing brightens the spirit and
heals the mind and body of people who allow it to overcome them. Therefore, try a smile and
laugh on for size and live a longer happier life with loved ones.
(Source: http://english120.pbworks.com)

To persuade is to convince someone that your opinion on a subject is the right one. With
appropriate style or words, one may not even know he/she is being persuaded as in the case
of buying a certain product. As you write persuasively, think of your audience and the kind of
evidence your audience would likely to respond to, so that your paragraph will become more
convincing.

Alright! I guess everything was explained and communicated well. So now, let’s try to engage
some interactive activities to activate our senses and that would boost our critical thinking
skills. Are you excited? I know you are more than excited as I am.

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Let’s Think Critically!

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following paragraphs below. Identify each main idea, pattern of
development, and signal words used. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
Text 1

Drinking alcohol can sometimes be tolerated if done in moderation. However, letting

it take over our lives is another story. Many teenagers are not aware of the dire
consequences of drinking too much alcohol. First, drinking too much alcohol can damage
our heart. Doctors claim that while drinking alcohol occasionally is good for the heart, if it is
taken excessively the drinker may suffer from an irregular heartbeat, stroke,
cardiomyopathy, and high blood pressure. Being alcoholic will also take a toll on our liver
and can lead to a variety of diseases such as fibrosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver. Finally,
drinking alcohol can weaken our immune system and make our body more vulnerable to
various diseases. It also weakens our body’s ability to ward off infections (Barrot, 2016, p.
73).
Main Idea Pattern of Development Signal Words

Text 2
In their book, Wilbert McKeachie and Marilla Svinicki described four types of
challenging students. The first type is the attention-seeking, discussion-dominating
students. The aim of these students is just to be heard. The second type is the inattentive
students. These are the students who doodle and drift off into their own thoughts during
class discussion. They often stare at their cell phones and chat with their classmates during
lecture. We also have the unprepared students. They are the ones who skip doing their
assignments prior to the class. They do not come to class equipped, even when they are
aware of scheduled quizzes and exams. The last type of challenging students is the uncivil
and disrespectful ones. They are the students who display rude behavior.
Main Idea Pattern of Development Signal Words

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Text 3
Spams refer to inappropriate and irrelevant messages indiscriminately sent to
numerous recipients via the Internet. They are considered as junk mail, and most contain
malwares and links used for phishing. There are two types of spam based on the source.
The first one is the unsolicited bulk e-mail which is sent in large quantities. The second type
is unsolicited commercial e-mail which is sent to promote something, usually without the
receiver agreeing to receive these types of advertisements. The first spam was sent by Gary
Thuerk in 1978 to 600 recipients (Barrot, 2016, p.75).
Main Idea Pattern of Development Signal Words

Text 4
There are reasons why I prefer to live in the Metro. First and foremost, it has many
exciting places. For example, you can go to Makati if you want to go shopping. If you want
to experience the night life, you can visit the bars along Tomas Morato and Malate. In terms
of job opportunities, the Metro houses most of the top companies that offer the best-paying
jobs (Barrot, 2016, p.78).
Main Idea Pattern of Development Signal Words

Text 5
To protect your computer from being attacked by a virus, you need to install a reliable
anti-virus software. To do this, first click the “Install Now” button. After you click this button,
wait for the required files to be downloaded completely. Wait for the “Welcome to the
InstallShield Wizard” window to open. Then, click the “Next” button. Read and accept the
license agreement and click the “Next” button. Continue to click the “Next” button until you
see the “Install” button. Once it appears, click the “Install” button and wait for a few minutes
as the installation is completed. Once the technical support information appears, read it and
then click the “Next” button. Click the “Finish” button. The installation is complete (Barrot,
2016, p. 76).
Main Idea Pattern of Development Signal Words

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Let’s Create!

INSTRUCTIONS: Below are different patterns of development with list of topics, respectively.
Choose a topic under any of the patterns of development and write an essay about it on a
separate sheet of paper.
Narration Cause and Effect
• Summer Trip • Causes and Effects of Bullying
• Quarantine Love Story • Causes of Racism
• Life amidst COVID-19 Pandemic • Effects of Success
Description Process Analysis
• Your Ideal House • Setting up a Gmail Account
• One Filipino President • The Plot of Batman
• The Philippines during the • Online Shopping Process
Spanish Era
Definition Division and Classification
• Capoeira • Music Genres
• Tsunami • Types of News
• History • Dinosaurs
Exemplification Problem-Solution
• Greatest Historical Failures • Political Dynasties in the Philippines
• Online Trends • Flooding
• Dangerous Habits • Discrimination of Indigenous People
Comparison and Contrast Persuasion
• Eastern and Western Culture • Should phones be banned in schools?
• Lifestyle of the Poor and the Rich • Should the death penalty be revised?
• Living in the Province and in the • Should Quezon City be the capital of
City Philippines?

Let’s Reflect!

What were your misconceptions about the What new or additional learning have you
topic prior to taking up this lesson? had after taking up this lesson in terms of
skills, content, and attitude?
I thought… I learned that…

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Let’s Gauge your Mastery!

ASSESSMENT NO. 1

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _____________

Grade & Strand: ___________________________________ Score: ____________

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following statements carefully. Choose the appropriate pattern of
development (can be used more than once) from the box that best matches the thesis
statement. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Narration Description Definition Problem-Solution

Comparison and Contrast Process Analysis Persuasion

Exemplification Classification and Division Cause and Effect

___________________1. Although Instagram and Twitter have significant similarities, they

also have striking differences.
___________________ 2. Freedom is a concept that needs to be understood.
___________________ 3. Juvenile delinquency is a social issue that requires urgent
attention.
___________________ 4. In the field of law, there are several subspecialties which you can
focus on.
___________________ 5. Major events happened that led to the defeat of Japan during
World War II.
___________________ 6. Teeth bleaching can be done in five simple steps.
___________________ 7. All provincial buses should not be allowed to pass through EDSA.
___________________ 8. iPhone 6 has many features that make it stand out in the market.
___________________ 9. There are many reasons why unemployment continues to
increase.
___________________ 10. Drinking cough syrup may lead to various side effects.

Now, you’re done with your assessment. Let’s have another activity where you can further
enhance your knowledge and skills. The good thing is that you can ask help or assistance
from the people around you.

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Let’s Collaborate!

INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the following table by providing a title, main idea/thesis statement,
and source of an article that showcases each pattern of development. Get your articles (online
or printed) from authentic materials such as newspapers, magazines, and brochures. Use
appropriate documentation style (e.g., APA format) when writing the sources.

Pattern of Thesis Statement/

Development Title Main Idea Source

Narration

Description

Definition

Exemplification

Comparison
and Contrast

Cause
and Effect

Process
Analysis

Division
and
Classification

Problem-
Solution

Persuasion

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CHAPTER 1

Lesson 2: Applying Properties of a Well-written Text

https://www.instagram.com

Learning Essentials

Learning Competency:
Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization, coherence
and cohesion, language use and mechanics)
(EN11/12RWS-IIIgh-4)

Learning Objectives:
Evaluate a written text based on the properties of a well-written text;
Apply the properties of a well-written text in a composition; and
Write an essay that reflects properties of a well-written text.

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Let’s Check your Knowledge!

PRE-ASSESSMENT

INSTRUCTIONS: Reorganize the sentences below to make a coherent paragraph and rewrite
it on a separate sheet of paper.

Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving
student scores on standardized tests. Students require more recreational time in order to
better focus on the lessons in class. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow
students the best possible chances of success in their studies. In fact, studies have shown that
students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests
immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical
exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials.

Hello, everyone! Cheers to our next adventure!

This time, we will try to dig deeper on the essentials on

how to make a good paragraph. Are you excited? I know you’re
quite as excited as me.

“Bring to the act of writing all of your craft, care, devotion,

lack of humbug, and honesty of sentiment. And then write
without looking over your shoulder for the literary police.
Write as if your life depended on saying what you felt as
clearly as you could, while never losing sight of the
phenomenon to be described.
If something feels bad to you, it is bad.”
(The Spooky Art: Thoughts on Writing. Random House, 2003, http://grammar.about.com)

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Let’s Take a Recap!

Do you Remember Me?

INSTRUCTIONS: Identify the pattern of development employed in each of the following
paragraphs.

Technological innovations can be a great help to students, but they can also be used
for high-tech cheating. The latter practice is now running rampant that it has become an
epidemic: more and more students nowadays use information technology to breach rules
on academic honesty without them being aware of their violations. To put a stop to this,
some suggestions are listed in the succeeding sentences. First, schools can create policies
banning the use of phones during examinations. They can also create programs that will
develop students’ information literacy skills. To ensure that plagiarism is minimized at the
very least, teachers can instruct their students to subject their work to online plagiarism
trackers before submitting them (Barrot, 2016, p. 76).

Answer:

In the wild, there lived three young women who decided to build a shelter. However,
they had different preferences, so each of them decided to build their own house. And so it
was that opposite to a river, the youngest girl built a house using leaves and twigs. Adjacent
to the youngest girl’s house is the shelter of the eldest. She built a house using logs and
she constructed it near the spring so she can easily access drinking water. In the middle of
the forest, the middle child built her house. It stands between two hills and is quite far from
her two sister’s houses, but she was contented (Barrot, 2016, p. 77).

Answer:

Discriminating parents always have to make the difficult task of choosing between a
public and private school for their children. These two schools share the same goal of
educating students and developing them holistically. Aside from this, they are open for
anyone who wishes to apply for admission. There is no remarkable difference as well in
terms of the academic performance of students. However, public and private schools vary
in some ways. While public schools are funded by the government, private schools get their
funding from tuition, endowments, and donations of private corporations. The class size is
different as well since public schools generally have a larger number of students per room.
They also differ as to who dictates the schedule and school calendar. In private schools, it
is the school board that decides while in public schools, it is the government education
agency. Choosing between private and public schools is a challenging task, but what
parents should really consider is the performance of an individual school and not its category
(Barrot, 2016, p. 75).

Answer:

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In this lesson, we will try to look into considerations on how to become a better writer, if not
excellent. By the end of the lesson, you will have mastered the foundations to follow on how
to effectively write a text.

Let’s Warm Up!

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following scenario.

A. You are working as editors for a national broadsheet. One of the writers from the
Opinion section submitted the following text, and you are tasked to evaluate it before
editing. Evaluate the following text based on the properties written in the table. Rate
each property accordingly.

I will not allow my child, Brian, to play violent video games. Why? It’s because violent
video games could make my child more aggressive. And if he will be continuously exposed
to this kind of games, he might also imitate what he sees. And I don’t want that to happen.
There’s a tendency that my child would hate other people for no reason at all. Oh my gosh!
I just realized that he might not have friends and he might be bullied in school because of
this! What if Brian never marries in the future because he is so anti-social? I might not have
grandkids if that happens! What a truly frightening thought!
Also, I’m not sure about this, but I think playing violent video games will also affect
his brain. That’s what his doctor told me during our most recent consultation with him. During
this consultation, we also found out that Brian has ADHD, and so banning him from playing
this kind of game is even more important now. The health of my child cannot be
compromised because of this! And his social skills must also be honed by playing with
others in real life, not through this kind of violent game.
Parents whose child plays games like this must watch their child closely to see if
these games affect their social and physical behavior. We cannot allow our society to be
ruined because of this! It is up to us parents to monitor the behavior of our children and
preserve the peace of our community. Therefore, we must say “No” to our kids playing
violent video games! THE FUTURE IS NOW IN OUR HANDS (Barrot, 2016, pp. 98-99).

Property Score

Presentation of a focused idea /20

Connection of ideas /20

Logical arrangement of ideas /20

Use of appropriate tone, style, and level of formality /20

Appropriate use of punctuation and spelling /20

TOTAL /100

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B. Now, write a one-paragraph response to the text. State whether you agree or disagree
with the ideas proposed by the writer. Write your answer on the space provided.

Let’s Have Self – audit!

INSTRUCTIONS: Put a check mark on the box that determines to what extent you do practice
the following statements. Do this as objectively as possible. You can use your performance in
Let’s Warm Up as one of the bases in completing this task.
ALWAYS SELDOM NEVER
(3) (2) (1)
1. I recognize and use cohesive device in a text.
2. I recognize and apply logical organization in a text.
3. I recognize and use appropriate language when
reading and writing texts.
4. I recognize and use correct mechanics and typography
when reading and writing texts.
5. I distinguish formal from non-formal texts.
6. I identify and indicate the main idea when reading and
writing texts.
7. I have a purpose when reading and writing texts.
8. I know how to group ideas when reading and writing.
9. I recognize and incorporate the basic parts of a text
when reading and writing, respectively.
10. I am able to recognize whether a text is properly written
or not.
TOTAL

GRAND TOTAL /30

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Score Level of Proficiency

14 – 15 Advanced
13 Proficient
12 Approaching Proficiency
11 Developing Proficiency
10 and below Beginning Proficiency

Wow! You’ve done a great job today! Now, take time to read this.

Let’s Communicate!

The writer’s knowledge of the fundamental properties of text-organization, coherence

and cohesion, language use and mechanics is the overriding principle of effective and well-
written text. Effective paragraphing, and established conventions together with these
properties show the interplay of both physical aspects of organization and deeper textual
aspects.
Dayagbil, Abao and Bacus (2016) further described that to ensure the quality of a
certain work, a well-organized piece of writing is not only clear, logical and aesthetic, but also
has the existence of organizational markers and coherent flow of ideas, which in fact, are also
the focus in evaluation of writing. In this lesson, you will learn how to apply the four
fundamental properties of a well-written text: organization, coherence and cohesion,
language use, and mechanics.

Organization
- is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged. Knowledge of the
parts of a composition is a great help in adhering to the correct organization of ideas.
The sentences within a paragraph must also be organized logically (Barrot, 2016,
p. 106).
Text without Organization Text with Organization

Thomas Edison was simply the one Although it is widely believed that
who created the first commercially viable Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, in
light bulb. It is widely believed that he reality he was simply the one who created
invented the light bulb. What made Edison’s the first commercially viable light bulb. Along
light bulb successful was his use of with his team, Edison improved the previous
carbonized bamboo as the filament. This works of inventors who also worked on the
made the bulb last longer and it was cheap same project. Compared to previous
enough to be available for the masses. He versions, what made his light bulb
only improved on previous works of successful was his use of carbonized
inventors who also worked on the same bamboo as the filament. This made the bulb
project (Barrot, 2016, p.106). last longer and it was cheap enough to be
available for the masses (Barrot, 2016,
p.106).

Coherence and Cohesion

Coherence and cohesion are achieved when ideas are logically, clearly, and smoothly
linked to one another; without it, the reader may not be able to comprehend your composition.
Although these two concepts are interrelated, they are distinct. Coherence occurs when ideas
are connected at the conceptual or idea level. It can be seen through well-defended arguments

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and organized points. Cohesion, on the other hand, is the connection of ideas at the sentence
level. It can be applied using three (3) techniques namely: through the use of pronouns to
refrain from using a specific word repeatedly; through the use of transitional devices to connect
sentences with linked ideas; and by the one that employs a repetition of keywords to tie up
the paragraphs subtly (Barrot, 2016, p. 105).
Text without Coherence and Cohesion Text with Coherence and Cohesion

Amelia Earhart was a legendary Amelia Earhart was a legendary

woman who made her name in aviation by woman who made her name in aviation by
setting various records. In 1928, she setting various records. In 1928, she
became famous as the first woman who flew became famous as the first woman who flew
across the Atlantic Ocean. She was only a across the Atlantic Ocean. However, during
passenger, with pilot Wilmer Stultz and co- this trip she was only a passenger, with pilot
pilot/mechanic Louis Gordon manning the Wilmer Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic Louis
controls. In 1932, she flew on her own over Gordon manning the controls. In 1932, she
the Atlantic. She flew from Honolulu Hawaii finally got to fly on her own over the Atlantic.
to Oakland California. She became the first She set another record when she flew from
person to fly over both the Atlantic and Honolulu Hawaii to Oakland California in
Pacific Oceans. Between 1930 and 1935, 1935, thus becoming the first person to fly
Earhart set seven women’s speed and over both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
distance aviation through different aircrafts. Between 1930 and 1935, Earhart set seven
She disappeared 1937 while attempting to women’s speed and distance aviation
fly around the world. On board her plane was through different aircrafts (Barrot, 2016,
her only crew member, Fred Noonan. p.106).
Extensive search efforts were not able to find
a trace of both aviators (Barrot, 2016,
p.106).

Language Use
The writer’s choices about language can affect or aid his argument. As a writer, it is
important not only to think about what you say, but also how you say it. As much as you have
organized ideas expressed in complete and coherent sentences and paragraphs, you must
also think about the style, tone, and clarity of your writing, and adapt these elements to the
reading audience. The key to writing effectiveness is to analyze one’s audience and purpose.
In order to choose the most effective language, you must consider the objective of the
document, the context in which it is being written, and who will be reading it.
(http://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/el.htm).

Effective language use is achieved by observing the following time-tested principles in

writing (Barrot, 2016, pp. 107-109).
1. Use clear and concise sentences. On average, a sentence is 18 words long. Note that
this does not require every sentence to be composed of exactly 18 words.
DON’T DO
Image is a very important factor in Image is a very important factor in
politics because once the reputation of a politics. Once the reputation of a person
person is smeared by accusations, the is smeared by accusations, the people’s
people’s perception of the person is perception of the person is forever
forever tainted and it may cause him to tainted. The person may lose his
lose credibility and trust even when the credibility, even when the allegations are
truth behind allegations is not yet not yet verified.
verified.

2. Avoid redundancies, wordiness, clichés, and “high-falutin’” language.

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DON’T DO

Although offsprings are taught not Although children are told not to
to obtain free gifts from strangers, at the take gifts from strangers, many still do.
present moment many still do.

3. Avoid excessive use of “there” and “it” structures. These sentences can be revised by
dropping the “there” and “it” phrase and transforming the sentences appropriately.
DON’T DO

There are many people walking on Many people walk on this street
this street during Sundays. It is important during Sundays. Keeping your valuables
to keep your valuables close to you. close to you is important.

4. Use precise vocabulary. Be accurate and condense lengthy phrases into fewer words.
DON’T DO

Shafts that control the brake Emergency levers are installed in

during urgent situations are built inside MRT train for the safety of the
MRT trains to keep the passengers free passengers.
from harm.

5. Be consistent with your pronoun’s point of view.

DON’T DO

We should accept that fate is We should accept that fate is

simply an illusion; you must not leave our simply an illusion; we must not leave our
decisions to something that does not decisions to something that does not
exist. exist.

6. Avoid sexist language. This issue can be addressed by using articles (a, an, and the),
using plural pronouns, using his or her instead of his, writing through a second person
point of view, or using gender-neutral nouns (e.g. chairperson instead of chairman).
Make sure not to overuse the his or her technique as it breaks up the flow of your
composition.
DON’T DO

Every employee should submit his Every employee should submit

credentials. his/her credentials.

7. Use the appropriate level of formality. The more formal texts use an academic tone
while the less formal ones usually use a personal or colloquial tone.
DON’T DO

Yes, diskettes are likely things of Diskettes may be outdated, but

the past, but they’re still totally cool. they are still fascinating.

Mechanics
- is described as the technical aspect of writing. It specifies the established
conventions for words that you use- spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc. In
academic and more formal texts, the following should be observed (Barrot, 2016,
p. 109).
1. Always use Standard English.

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2. Avoid contractions (e.g., shouldn’t, can’t, I’ll).

3. Avoid exclamation marks unless they are part of a direct quotation.
4. Mention the full name of an institution or organization with the abbreviation in
parenthesis, in first mention. Thereafter, use the abbreviation.
5. Numbers from zero to ten should be spelled out while numbers higher than ten
should be written in figures.
6. Generally, citations are used in academic and formal texts. However, they are
sparingly used in business texts.

Text without Mechanics Text with Mechanics

Pluto was demoted to a dwarf Pluto was demoted to a dwarf

planet in 2006 after the General planet in 2006 after the general
Assembly of the IAU, as it only met 2 out assembly of the International
of the association’s three requirements Astronomical Union (IAU), as it only met
to qualify as a Planet (Library of two out of the association’s three
Congress). The dispute started when requirements to qualify as a planet
Caltech astronomy prof Mike Brown (Library of Congress). The dispute
discovered an Asteroid bigger than Pluto started when Mike Brown, a professor of
in 2005 (Cain, 2012). The science astronomy at the California Institute of
community went wild! Brown’s findings Technology (Caltech), discovered an
sparked a debate on whether this new asteroid bigger than Pluto in 2005 (Cain,
planet, which he named eris, should be 2012). Brown’s findings sparked a
added to the roster of 9 Planets. The debate on whether this new planet,
controversy prompted the International which he named Eris, should be added
Astronomical Union to meet up and to the roster of nine planets. The
delineate what a ‘planet’ is. They came controversy prompted the IAU to meet
up with three requirements to classify a and delineate what a ‘planet’ is. They
celestial body as a planet and removed came up with three requirements for
the Planet Status of Pluto based on the classifying celestial bodies as planets
new definition (Barrot, 2016, p.109). and removed the planet status of Pluto
based on the new definition (Barrot,
2016, p. 109).

Alright! That was all about the properties of a well-written text that will enable you to ensure
the quality of your work. And now, let’s boost your higher-order thinking skills by engaging
yourself in the next activity.

Let’s Think Critically!

INSTRUCTIONS: A. Read the texts about Facebook. Then, analyze and describe how the
texts are organized, how ideas linked to one another, how language is used, and how
effectively the mechanics (e.g., spelling, punctuation, and abbreviation) are followed by
providing its strengths and weaknesses on the table below.
Text 1
With the increasing popularity of Information and Communication Technology (ICT),
social networking sites (SNS) have become an integral part of our lives. One of these SNSs
is Facebook, a popular site which has over one billion active users around the world.
Generally, there are two main functions of Facebook: for personal use and for educational
purpose.
People use Facebook for their personal use to communicate with their friends and
relatives. For example, if there are important events to celebrate, a Facebook user can just

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send a personal message, post an invitation on his/her timeline, or create an event and
invite friends. Facebook is also extensively used to interact with other people. Reconnecting
with childhood friends and former colleagues is also made easy: a user just needs to type
the name of the person in the search tab and then add that person as a friend.
The second major function of Facebook is for academic purposes. It has several
features that can be used for teaching. For instance, teachers can simply update their
statuses or send messages to make announcements on submission deadlines and
assignments. Facebook can also be used as a venue for students to display their works,
such as speaking performances and essays. By sharing their outputs to others and
receiving praise or constructive comments, students would have a sense of authorship.
Intellectual discussions can also be conducted on Facebook through its chatting features.
Undoubtedly, Facebook is a viable tool for personal and academic success. Not only
does it enhance and provide a positive influence in classroom practices, it also helps
individuals collaborate, communicate, and reconnect. Nevertheless, people should still be
responsible enough so that this great invention would not be misused and put to waste
(Barrot, 2016, pp. 110-111).

Text 2
Hi there, friend! I’d like to share my thoughts about FB, because I think it has a lot of
awesome features. For example, you can use it in school and at home like me. I use Fb to
check out what’s happening with my friends. I can even use it to invite them for, say, a
dinner or party. In just one click, you will have an instant invitation. I also use it to find my
long-lost childhood friends. I’ll just type their name in the search tab, press search, and voila!
There they are! They just have to accept my friend invite, and we’re good to go. Oh, I also
wanna tell you that I also use FB for my studies. Every time we have a project, my
classmates and I just chat with one another to talk about it. My teachers are also using FB
when they teach. For example, my English teacher uses it for our class e-portfolio. So you
know, if you think of it, FB is really great!

Text 1 Text 2

Strengths

Weaknesses

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B. Write a four-paragraph academic essay on the possible problems that students may
encounter when using Facebook for classroom purposes. Provide ways on how these
problems can be addressed. Also observe the properties of a well-written text when
writing. Use a separate sheet of paper for your essay. You may follow the given
organization for your paper.
• First paragraph – Introduction
• Second paragraph – Problems
• Third paragraph – Solutions
• Fourth paragraph – Conclusion

Let’s Create!

INSTRUCTIONS: Think of one rule in your home which your parents strictly enforce (e.g.,
curfews, no sleepovers, no smoking, or the like). Write an essay with a minimum of three
paragraphs regarding this rule. Make sure to apply the properties of a well-written text in your
composition. You may use a separate sheet for the essay.

Use the following guides to help you develop your content.

1. Analyze the reasons why the rule is enforced.
2. State whether or not you agree with the enforcement of this rule.
3. What would be the consequences if you disobey this rule?
4. What are the effects of obeying the rule?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the enforcement of this rule?
6. How does this affect your growth as a person?

Let’s Reflect!

What were your misconceptions about the What new or additional learning have you
topic prior to taking up this lesson? had after taking up this lesson in terms of
skills, content, and attitude?
I thought… I learned that…

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Let’s Gauge your Mastery!

ASSESSMENT NO. 2

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _____________

Grade & Strand: ___________________________________ Score: ____________

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following statements very carefully. Write Y if the statement
indicates a property of a well-written text; write N if it does not.
_____ 1. Each major point has supporting details.
_____ 2. Transitional devices are used excessively.
_____ 3. A thesis statement is placed at the end part of the introductory paragraph.
_____ 4. Main ideas are restated in the conclusion.
_____ 5. Contractions are used in research papers.
_____ 6. An essay uses at least three paragraphs.
_____ 7. Colloquial tone is used in formal essays.
_____ 8. “There” structure is frequently used in the text.
_____ 9. All ideas in a text relate to the thesis statement of the essay.
_____ 10. Ideas are organized according to their types (e.g., narrative and cause-effect).

Hurray! Assessment is done. Now, take another activity where you can further enhance your
knowledge and skills. The good thing is that you can ask help or assistance from the people
around you.

Let’s Collaborate!
• Get one article or an authentic material (e.g., brochures, newsletters, pamphlets) which
you think does not possess the properties of a well-written text. Then, revise the
chosen article to improve its structure and other desired features. Encode your revised
article; format your text in font style Arial, size 12, double space, and default margin in
a short bond paper. Submit your work with the original text attached to it (For those
who doesn’t have any available laptop or computers at home, just write it down neatly
on a short bond paper and then attach the original text).

Job well done! CONGRATULATIONS!

See you in the next module!

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ANSWER KEY
Lesson 1
Pre-assessment Let’s Warm Up!
1. Although 1. Even so
2. In fact 2. First
3. Because 3. Then
4. In addition 4. After
5. On the other hand 5. However
6. Unfortunately 6. Below
7. Instead 7. As
8. Consequently 8. Toward
9. Although 9. Down
10. Indeed 10. Another
(Constructed sentences using
transitional devices may vary)
Let’s Think Critically!
Main Idea Pattern of Signal Words Used
Development
Text 1 Drinking alcohol can Process First, Finally
sometimes be tolerated if Analysis
done in moderation.
Text 2 In their book, Wilbert Division and First type, Second
McKeachie and Marilla Classification type, Third type, Last
Svinicki described four types type
of challenging students.
Text 3 Spams refer to inappropriate Definition Refer to
and irrelevant messages
indiscriminately sent to
numerous recipients via the
Internet.
Text 4 There are reasons why I Exemplification For example
prefer to live in the Metro.
Text 5 To protect your computer
from being attacked by a Problem- To do this
virus, you need to install a Solution
reliable anti-virus software.
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Let’s Create!
Rubrics in Grading the Paragraph
VGE GE SE LE N
(10 (8 (6 (4 (2
points) points) points) points) points)
CONTENT (Explanation is
comprehensive and
sufficient. It has depth.)
ORGANIZATION (Flow of
ideas is smooth and easy
to read.)
STYLE (Paper showcases
the writer’s voice.)
GRAMMAR AND
MECHANICS (Sentences
are well-structured.
Spelling, capitalization and
punctuations are correctly
used.)
TOTAL /40
Legend: VGE - Very Great Extent; GE - Great Extent; SE - Some Extent;
LE - Less Extent; N – Never
Assessment No. 1
1. Comparison and Contrast
2. Persuasion
3. Definition
4. Classification and Division
5. Narration
6. Process Analysis
7. Problem-Solution
8. Description
9. Exemplification
10. Cause and Effect
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Lesson 2
Pre-assessment
Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on the lessons in
class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes
consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis
further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic
materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible
chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary
ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.
Let’s Take a Recap!
1. Cause and Effect
2. Description
3. Comparison and Contrast
Assessment No. 2
1. Y
2. N
3. Y
4. Y
5. N
6. Y
7. N
8. N
9. Y
10. N
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REFERENCES
Barrot, J. S. (2016). Academic Reading and Writing for Senior High School.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.;
Dayagbil, F. T., Abao, E. L., Bacus, R. C. (2016). Critical Reading and Writing
for Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.;
Blake, G. (2002). How to organize information. Retrieved on May 27, 2016 from
https://www.irmi.com/articles
Stephen McLaren, Essay Writing Made Easy,
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/Paragraphing.htm
The Spooky Art: Thoughts on Writing. Random House, (2003),
http://grammar.about.com; and
Bulusan, F. (2016). Campus Journalism within your reach. Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

Web Sources
http://highered.mheducation.com
http://www.longleaf.net/ggrow/modes.html
http://www.americanheart.org
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu
http://english120.pbworks.com/
http://slsuwritersblock.blogspot.com/
http://www.make-a-web-site.com/
http://english120.pbworks.com
http://grammar.about.com
http://english120.pbworks.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://download.cnet.com
https://www.pinterest.es

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Region VII, DepEd-Cebu Province
(Office Address) IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
Email Address: [email protected]

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