UNIT-I

Antheid rtliyece (A32;

t male conbeto syem o we oaklgonce fut bke akuman

bing
holda
and
ches, priky mahematcal eemy

kumen inklletual actuy

achvihed ht we asociok wih human finkihg, acbite

Auch as ete.

74 we au going 'ioj hat a tiren gaom Misk bte aa

humany wewe mut have kome datominhj how hnavt
Jlonk. we need to got ide dhe actual wocinf human
minds. These ae two
Catch

iyholejl etaimeta. once we have asfaudly ruk

Fox exampls, Allen Newl A Habat Simon, who dvedefed
were mOJe Concaned
wih
human Aubfet sobing he kone psablmt.
The into dschlinay fdld copaiie
Comhate models fiam Az and ctuinental techniza faom
Cotthuct psecle ond teuta ble heokils

2. Syste at hink Rationally

(I

-tins that make i4 bosile to Pesceive, kcasen k act"

borseet premiu eatment- fou Kavi ia o man' Al may

Wese

3. Sypknd hat act ike humans The

make comhutes to do hn, whih, at mo ent people ae
beter'. T oct humanly hu Computu wodd nud to bouess

in hum an
longig
tutenated Reosonng o we he Atoned in baoti'Ýn o ainswe
 3.
new Conclubons
new cihcumslan tes fo det
and extaholee oHeant
tomuter vision o buceive object
’ Robotch t manibalete obiecta and move abo
|4- syckems aut act Ratona y Couatahonl Tte iuce te
i one that acte jo a fo achieve the but aucteome n, when
thee i tancetiny he bat erbe ed eutcomc.

torseet hfoances- Malhy coneet iafeences iu fonehines pat

Leborl becae
beig
lopically to he corlusom het a gien actsn l
achieve ohc' foala dhun o act on Hhat conclaian.

ircdudu:
adiut to new data ond cxpeieces
tas ha wrhout hunsan tuventon
3 can

S. Mu chine keonngr subict of Az hat cnabte a aph to ban

and nen&ad netwaks
b- Natad
de sateecdon between machined ond human lang hege

he kang o< tose hot con be obmated

8.
dhas Concbuions
kued mdhe nfomahon it had been

wing hat dota to make beten buedietos.

Psblam

The varbu aua

obtlicotins
4 Robotics
RobotA
tusks, A boyeed aotot can woK

dse oe fowafd factony slehons hat wl onhance

kcal time Moni tbking k bimaetion d bhyical asuts.
matnenance, ond inpsove likeyeh monameut.
 avodns fseueney marteanee
y1y maitenance
tadawu Pseichve Maintenonce Phedictve 22.
Costa
inpovng wkuhdoste'eyy aeuoshace nd
y pafouneand
conkquahiond,
pudut cnhonce ohbimal
ond
aini|e pubamance
ofbmizahion
f;- Design E)
al o duij withweking ongintau
dhonu. aevd ond Cas
Aabotcs suchas ndattuuevelrtionizlhg igknd
ae
ouahon
k Lonnked
atonowo A1-
þouudfaotecottoata futeet
hon artomomont Syuem
AAutonomou 5)
of
obittant achvatd Vaice- and
and undestand,
an goreaafe intubset, to amach cnablu NLÝ
ae. etual hsongh humyand computs betwen ituations
2NLPis
an Langung
cte. ada social adaty
ond thoved kct, once industy
fin
cue Health inueo be ML
Con inteveuhion kman ainimal Lh
bss to
maké and attens iautity' ertoaionce pst Aa
A ta
caly autaat 'eabby he
machine hovidu' And As
dafnd Leauhgi Auchine Lesmingi
Leaknint Machne 3)
 anneeesay aeventve maintenance corts

atacks- I+ Can also cnhonce Ae knity syeemt and dta hat

advanced hat detehon and hesbonie mechonitnd

ae had t in wbat ae sonetmes

manag

sftwe- a-a- Lavite (Saus) confonia theiabze in many det

j) Data-duiyen deuitin makinf Ttit defmud as uig facts, meti

to swde Jhategic bunes deunionl hat adign wih fou fal,
Qnd dota
cbjuhvs ond initabiv.

can

sesvces ertoyindsee
sevoluhonized he
AI has
I3) Ercomnelce)
Cutomew'
by enhanehy
busineu opuahond.
 Az þowend secommendati menghd analyze cutomee bechavion
ond þuekences to sggat þsdacty kodiny to inesed Ala nd
cutomu katacton. Addbmaly, Az-dven chet bots Jovtk

wedeing ntwvitad,and codhby

nh'el kanhdate asenent, foots can dnalyze jió dajtlo
and moth Mem widh candl'doe hokka do fod de but ft
15) Finonce in de bonking Afhanee induty hau belbed
can
bshesea and indnduals make
make bedict,kelbn
deuiwons.

ht we do cvay doy uicn we to get ko week

he mowing, clku calld commonlenik Aeaoninf Dt mcluds keanhg
about
about
Jcasoony
Hhe asks inchde
languag ndestnding Then esks alio Calkd au tdos Tula.
comed
Mundane
kuch a ches, checken eto CoMu lnde AI olo ,
 calulu zeial -
leomety -
Mathematicd
Checkes -
Backgam -
chess
aames
TauK! famal
torhol Robot "
Taanslatin
qoneation
stech -
Peucction "
Taskk Mundane
duomy, etfe dagy,
inclade talu Auch
Can
mndaek es toaddhi esheuhse.
Ia ned not may tsks o
ys Thoc hiks. pumal ane tuks mahemetia.
Then Lalculotm
of
od
ohe
Logictymalhematcal
 trþot Taka

-fadt firding

be abukhd ih Aucl a wsy hat:

3
be
2) Tt can be cnduskad ty beole who mut fsnide i
3)TH an caly be modifed to coet euny and to aflct chans
in de wold
u) t con be wed
5)T+ coy
can be wed to heb own hee bulb

Kontaint1 impoud by pasblem, he is fome

2) Seanch fovids away o

dinet atpaoak availabl au well as a
dhet fehaigus Moat aL avaiablh con be enkeddd
) Use
He tauctuu dhe obýect daat ae
3) Abstaachon Tt ovidel o
yw'a hions
omer Hhat would ohawie
OveLhelm ainy hocess
k dechmigu dosnt bove a puafu dafiton we fut seeke
Can

not Aecouday toagin phoblem we car aby a teclagu fo it.

Ahobln mg kale Vauiou tcbnigles fo rolve taam it dfeuds
Pasdution Sykn: 5ince seach fon e cae

lad
(2/ One Ol more Knoulds Bax/palo bak dast cotaio whdenu

wl be tonpaud to de, duobat onda

Jot aue whon serctal sub ath ot oice'

(0) Bast haduchon ytn ang aag nch a oPsS and AT

hch jovida tomhlbk envism mati he consthehos of
Kse vladge bund cajat yekmt
thufe t of ejntvey wohvo td hyfotuu about de
atwe of boblem sohing
 Aules
A moves

Iytwd þroide e ovaall

and
Patieula allow dhe achieehuse
pablen be lelvnd
to
Defmhg dhe Pesblim au ashk
To buld a Shace Seach:
syetom to solve a
we ned to do

what is Ahe

ond which echaigues þositby con be obed to t

3)Tielote and cbied he tuk wanykde dat w Can

be

But omon7 hese heu may be Aome moves whih ase iaynl ae do
dliy all
(a) No beuon could eveu raply a caflok set 1uck aulu z+
wold toke bo lomg ond cald cautaitHy aot be cone witlout
(b) No bugoam
 hos beant
ma kince ofn.
nor whee 3;
adet deebed be
con
yalon get we Can How at aith
Can Mat panf aTheste ttnaateuon measuing Ahee 3-g.llon
Neiha
Boblarwe
aie oote
bone
to
need deþstem
ad a
ue Thmethod Vasi4ou
pace shle The
moyes
boblen suchmiwimize order
to fn
 tuset ak
4. (4)
(aj)

3
(-dy) fo kome wet out

4. (ug)
(a,-d) fou ione wate at 3

9(0)
I. (9,F)
2 (2) ’ (o)
One

2
3
3 2

3 3
2

Contal stha tegea e keve b dode which Aue to ably wert

Auo Contiol
9) he fut sguikmut a fod tontl shategs u at it Cou

one. T! we dd Haty e wl neve

 ner load ba olton
to Aolhion
(2)
be
esplou
be Aytim atie

Heuistbc sench
slnd Seanch| inbimed SeLck
ininkmed Seach
BES OFS isady
(ochefst
(Buadth ut Seanch
seuch ) )

hstSeach (8FS):ta iykmake blnd kach tat

Buodh dll he
as ita hoot henuat
huba to he nihel e. Na

Jome

sdate.
Two BFS
 (90) Initial sta te

(0,3)

Steb I:- ceae a vuiable caled staut st it to the Tahel ee

scach.
sheh3)-femve the fut nodk qom stat call dunode E.
(ü) Elu c nede E hed suecesons jeneaok all e em kadd how at
he trail lend)
skhu

olaton, han 8Fs Juatan jed to fnd t

utin wl be found

1) 8ES taka
 Lhuck ih a blind snjl
|9) May

Comected conoat
(b) Fadng shoxtet pal
(e) calulalg maXiyuy

DES( Debh- baut seach)DES Aon dninfamed na ch

Hht

chldlen. They he kach back tracku,

Some iha tu wete

|3)

Co)

hemoiy kince
1) DES Kach may fhd o oluhon in les fe
ubout
Lak shuce
 (FzFo) siuctue dota
backthocliy.
sond kemutfencated
ben fu' hohas hat tue he
menoy mol hejuines Tt )
BFS
DES
Mazed. vchu sobeton one ony withbuzzhs Sobing (0)
thockainj bock agwu Tt 3)
loa. shgk tlid akhckth May 3)
19
 atesuchable
Gonyotaally
beCome can Dt 2
mihg Couly time
Diveyseduantbes Con 4Tt
oblm Aignmat 1he ()
Pobb þsack Ka The (6)
auel wd beCon stucheyhauatve a
wheu þrobbms Eramplod
gsay. ohaComhau to
mhd buaie ao wed becan 4atztled.
baemohoh oa hen kunt lat a awed h kauchEakauhe
.
mehicyupunane budcobnotin
aon but shcts
he Tt 3
d
fenceats
þoblom.
nkigoce. atfeal behodin ait
21.

forond and Backucad chuinj kentaim

thom inihal state to a
mok kequorcea hat mi_kt be salbiond by staly witde inihil
Con'quaton at e kot f e tae aeneate He nest kve ofhe
thu by ndag all hu Aue wkou Alt sku mathe last nock
hen new

2) BacKwad Reasonag
Tt i bavcaly mavij in backuad diectsn
aom fal stete to tome ini bil state
îcinically, 8gih
tee of move eyuonceu Ahet hight he solabond by sety bilalny
wih de fal
tomkguatin at hu t
by bhdlg al he Auu wkek wglt de mateh e jsot node vehe

Fow heubond whehu it i a bete ot wew fewad o backmd

Mubon

4) As th ese mose bosible staat shts o

(he to mee
fhd) et stat
3) wll e 22

Vse ? Vue ike to moe backwad on tueud

a mew
aet, fuwad Aeasomj mahel dene.
f which
natul ta we sta doy tack wad h Pkoroy.
Two examþlu whehe to mave backwad n Case k to move

to duve fom
cas'ea to
fhom home ko an

dhend se ae man moA locatos hat cuet as beihy

ahaundy dhe
home Haay
hese ae
Cak whu home u
we ue backwaad Beasonn
On Dthe Coniideu

mane
fawad