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288A Text Book of Practical Physic

The document outlines a method for measuring the refracting angle of a prism using a spectrometer, divided into three parts: mechanical and optical adjustments, measurement of the refracting angle, and measurement of the angle of minimum deviation. It emphasizes the importance of proper alignment and adjustments to ensure accurate readings and minimize errors. The procedure includes using sodium light, adjusting the telescope, and taking multiple readings to calculate the necessary angles.

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14 views1 page

288A Text Book of Practical Physic

The document outlines a method for measuring the refracting angle of a prism using a spectrometer, divided into three parts: mechanical and optical adjustments, measurement of the refracting angle, and measurement of the angle of minimum deviation. It emphasizes the importance of proper alignment and adjustments to ensure accurate readings and minimize errors. The procedure includes using sodium light, adjusting the telescope, and taking multiple readings to calculate the necessary angles.

Uploaded by

vduata20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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288

A Text Book of Practical Physic*


. .„„» v^vywix <JI r-ictuiicai t-*nysics Dispersion of Light 289
Method—The procedure to be adopted may be divided into three
parts : the tangent screw of the telescope. Having done this, read the two
*1. Mechanical and optical adjustment of the spectrometer as verniers. This position of the telescope gives the direction of the
described in Sec. 12.4.
2. Measurement of the refracting angle of the prism by any of the incident rays. The angle of deviation is the angle between the direction
two methods described in Sec, 12.5. of the incident and the emergent rays. To get this, take difference of the
3. Measurement of the angle of minimum deviation of the prism readings of the same vernier for the two positions of the telescope. Take
for the given wavelength of light. For this proceed as detailed below. the mean of the two results, it gives the value of 8.
Illuminate the slit of the collimator with sodium light. Mount the Next turn the prism table so that the light from the collimator now
prism on the table such that its centre coincides - with the main axis of falls on the face AB and the dispersed image has to be seen through
the instrument and the face AC lies normal to the collimator axis. The AC. Repeat the experiment as above and get the value of 6. Finally get
angle A which has been measured should be used as the refracting angle. the mean value of 6 by taking the average of the results obtained with
This method of mounting not only corrects for want of parallelism in the the light incident first on the face AC and then on trie face AB.
incident pencil on the face AC but also improves the resolving power of Substitute the values a and 8 in the above formula and calculate u.
the prism since the entire pencil from fjie collimator falls on the face Sources of error aad precautions—(0 The mechanical adjustments
AC. of the spectrometer should be correct, Le.,
Turn the prism towards the left and look for the dispersed image of (a) The axis of the collimator and the telescope must intersect the
the slit through the face AB by moving the eye in a horizontal plane main axis of the spectrometer, the latter being defined as the common
containing the collimator axis. Having obtained the image, turn the axis of rotation of the prism table and the telescope.
telescope to point in that direction to receive it in the centre of the field of (b) The axis of the collimator and the telescope must be
view (Fig. 12.7). Turn the prism further and follow the Image in the perpendicular to the main axis of the instrument.
telescope- Since in the initial setting the face AC was almost normal to the (2) The optical adjustments of the spectrometer must be made
incident pencil it means that the angle of incidence on it was small. The correctly so as to ensure that
rotation of the prism table towards the left causes an increase in the angle (a) the eye-piece is focussed on the cross-wires,
of incidence which in its turn results In the decrease of the angle of (b) the telescope is adjusted to receive a parallel pencil of light-
deviation. To follow up the dispersed image the telescope has. therefore, to and form an image on the cross-wire without parallax.
be moved towards the direction of the incident rays. As the prism table is {c} The collimator is in alignment with the source. For this.
turned further a position is. reached when the rays suffer minimum illuminate the slit of the collimator by placing the slit close to the
deviation and the telescope is nearest to the line of the collimator axis window of the source of light Open the slit wide enough and look
produced. With further rotation of the prism table, the angle of deviation tlirough the collimating lens. The lens should be fully and
increases and the image begins to recede from the position of the previous symmetrically illuminated by the light coming out of the slit. If
adjustment. Hence the position of minimum deviation can be obtained
by adjusting the telescope in such a position that the dispersed image
moves up to the crosswires and then begins to retrace its path with the
rotation of the prism. This position of the telescope gives the direction of
the emergent rays from the prism. Read both the verniers.
Remove the prism Without disturbing the prism table, which M
should be securely clamped. Unclamp the telescope and turn it so fMfit Fig. 12.15a Correct setting
its axis j0ny be in line with the collimator axis. In such a case the direct
image of the slit will be visible through the telescope and it can be
finally set on the cross-wires by using

Fig. 12.15b Incorrect setting


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