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sin (15) × 0.15 = 33.85 Σ = 0 sin (15)

The document discusses the dynamics of rollers on an incline, focusing on the forces at play, including kinetic friction and normal reactions. It details the calculations for normal forces and applied moments necessary for the rollers to move slowly down the incline. Additionally, it introduces wedges as devices that utilize friction to support loads, explaining how to analyze forces using free body diagrams.

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Franklin Daniel Xalxo
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2 views2 pages

sin (15) × 0.15 = 33.85 Σ = 0 sin (15)

The document discusses the dynamics of rollers on an incline, focusing on the forces at play, including kinetic friction and normal reactions. It details the calculations for normal forces and applied moments necessary for the rollers to move slowly down the incline. Additionally, it introduces wedges as devices that utilize friction to support loads, explaining how to analyze forces using free body diagrams.

Uploaded by

Franklin Daniel Xalxo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To have relative motion, slippage occurs, and since the rollers are moving slowly, we need to consider

the coefficient of kinetic friction (μk ), as the motion is happening and not just impending. The frictional
​

forces developed at the point of contact are kinetic frictional forces. Now, let's draw the free body
diagram.
We have an incline, inclined at 15 degrees, with two rollers. At the point of contact for the roller, let’s
say the normal reaction is N1 , and we have a frictional force F1 along this incline. This cylinder, if
​ ​

allowed, will try to slip in this direction, and the frictional force must prevent this slippage. The
frictional force is directed upward along the incline.
At the point of contact, we also have an applied moment M and the weight of the cylinder mg , acting
vertically downward. Let’s assume this is the line connecting the centers of the rollers. At this contact
point C , the normal reaction is N2 . Since the roller is slipping at point C in the counterclockwise
​

direction, the frictional force opposes this motion, which is shown in the diagram.
For the other cylinder, the direction of the frictional force will be opposite, and the same applies to the
force N2 . At this contact point, we have the normal force, the frictional force, and the weight of the
​

cylinder, mg . It's important to note that at points A and B, there is no slippage, so we do not have a
direct relationship between the frictional force and the normal reaction. The frictional forces F1 and F3
​ ​

are less than the maximum possible frictional force.


Now, let's write the equations from the free body diagram. First, we sum the moments about point B
to determine the normal reaction N2 . The frictional force F2 is related to this normal force by the
​ ​

coefficient of kinetic friction, as slippage is occurring and the cylinders are in constant motion.
We can write the moment equation about point B and equate it to zero. We know the rollers have a
diameter of 0.3 meters, so the radius is 0.15 meters. The moment arm for the force N2 is 0.15 meters.
​

The frictional force F2 has a moment arm of 0.15 meters as well. The moment due to the weight of the
​

cylinder is mg sin(15∘ ) × 0.15.


Solving for N2 , we get N2
​ ​ = 33.85 Newtons.
Next, let's consider the other free body diagram and sum the moments about point A. We have
ΣMA = 0. The clockwise moment from the applied moment M is negative, and the moment from the
​

weight mg sin(15∘ ) is positive with a moment arm of 0.15 meters. We also have the moments due to
the normal reaction N2 and the frictional force F2 , both of which also have a moment arm of 0.15
​ ​

meters.
Solving for the applied moment M , we get M = 10.16 Newton meters. This is the required moment
to allow the cylinders to roll slowly down the incline.
These types of problems, involving simple contact situations, can be solved in a similar manner.
Next, let's discuss wedges, which are devices that use friction to do work. Wedges are used to raise
loads or keep them in position. In the example shown, there is a block A that needs to be raised or
supported in a certain position. Wedges C and D are used to accomplish this task.
A typical problem could involve finding the force P that a human must apply to keep the block in
position or raise it. To analyze this, we need to construct free body diagrams for the individual blocks
and wedges and represent the frictional forces properly, considering the direction of impending
motion to draw the frictional forces accurately.
Let’s consider wedge C , which is being pushed by a human with force P to raise or keep the block in
position. Since the wedge tends to move from left to right, the frictional forces on these surfaces will
oppose this motion and act from right to left. These forces are represented on the free body diagram.
For both contact points, wedge C is trying to move from left to right, so the frictional forces oppose
the motion and are directed from right to left. These forces are related to the normal reactions using
the coefficient of static friction (μs ).
​

Once we know the normal reactions and frictional forces, we can construct the free body diagrams for
the other components, including wedge D . The frictional force F3 acts in the opposite direction, and
​

there is a normal reaction N3 . We can also consider the free body diagram for the block.
​

On the block face, frictional force F2 is equal and opposite to the force acting on the wedge, so it is
​

directed in the opposite direction. We have the normal reaction and the weight of the block, and since
the block is trying to rise against the vertical wall, the frictional force opposes the motion. This force is
labeled as F1 , and for the impending motion case, it can be related to the normal reaction using μs .
​ ​

Once these free body diagrams are constructed, we can solve for the forces in the system.

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