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Lecture 9

The document provides a lecture on arrays in C programming, including how to declare, initialize, and manipulate one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. It covers examples of using arrays to store and process data, such as reversing an array and calculating sums. Additionally, it discusses passing arrays to functions and the implications of modifying array elements within those functions.

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4 views14 pages

Lecture 9

The document provides a lecture on arrays in C programming, including how to declare, initialize, and manipulate one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays. It covers examples of using arrays to store and process data, such as reversing an array and calculating sums. Additionally, it discusses passing arrays to functions and the implications of modifying array elements within those functions.

Uploaded by

jo9ruogh110
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 9 : Array

Acknowledgment : Lecture notes from Ohio Supercomputing Center


Warming Up Problem
 Problem : Get 5 integer numbers using
scanf function, and print the numbers in
reverse order.

 Example
 Input : 3 10 5 7 2
 Output : 2 7 5 10 3
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>

int main()
int main()
{
{ int x[5], i;
int x0, x1, x2, x3, x4;
printf("Get 5 integers : ");
printf("Get 5 integers : "); for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
scanf("%d", &x0);
scanf("%d", &x1); printf("Reverse order : ");
scanf("%d", &x2); for (i = 4; i >= 0; --i)
scanf("%d", &x3); printf("%d ", x[i]);
scanf("%d", &x4); printf("\n");

return 0;
printf("Reverse Order : "); }
printf("%d ", x4);
printf("%d ", x3); Using array
printf("%d ", x2);
printf("%d ", x1);
printf("%d ", x0);
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
Memory structure
Array Variables?
 Array variable holds a sequence of multiple values with same data type
 int a[10];

 There is an ordered method for extracting individual data items


 a[3]=7;

 Example
 If we want to store scores for exam1 , exam2 , exam3 , ... , exam10
 First try,
int exam1 = 90; int exam2 =85; … int exam100=93;
sum = exam1 + exam2 + … + exam100;

 Using array
int exam[100] = {90 , 85, … , 93};

for (i=0;i<100;i++) sum+=exam[i];


Array Variables Example
 In C, array index starts at zero.

int id[3]; /* declaration of array id,

which has space for three consecutive int variables */

id[0] = 101;
id[1] = 232;
id[2] = 231;

 Each piece of data in an array is called an element. Thus, array id has


three elements.
Array Declaration, Initialization
 Array Declaration
 type arrayName[arraySize];
float a[5]; // declare a float type array with size 5 and
int x, y, b[5];

 Array Initialization
int a[5] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
int a[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};

a[2] = 11; // a -> {1, 3, 11, 7, 9}


a[5] = 20; // wrong!!!! Index can be between 0 and 4
example
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};

printf(" x = %8u\n", x);


printf(" sizeof(x) = %8d\n", sizeof x);
printf("sizeof(x[0]) = %8d\n", sizeof x[0]);

return 0;
}

output
x = 2280640
sizeof(x) = 20
sizeof(x[0]) = 4
Multi-Dimensional array
 Multi-dimensional arrays have two or more index values which are used to
specify a particular element in the array. For this 2D array element,

image[i][j]

 the first index value i specifies a row index, while j specifies a column index.
Declaring multi-dimensional arrays is similar to the 1D case:

int a[10]; /* declare 1D array */


float b[3][5]; /* declare 2D array */
double c[6][4][2]; /* declare 3D array */

 Note that it is quite easy to allocate a large chunk of consecutive memory with
multi-dimensional arrays. Array c contains 6x4x2=48 doubles.

 Initialization
int age[2][3] = { {4,8,12} , {19,6,-1} };
Multi-Dimensional array
 Very commonly used for matrix
int b[3][5];
for (i=0;i<3;i++) {
for (j=0;j<5;j++) sum+=b[i][j];
}
Passing Array Argument
 Pass address of an array into function
 Example
int getSum (int score[] , int arraySize) // int getSum (int* score , int arraySize)
{
int i;
int sum=0;
for (i=0;i<arraySize;i++) sum+=score[i];
return sum;
}

int main()
{
int a[]={1,5,10};
int sum=0;
printf(“a[0]=%d, a[1]=%d, a[2]=%d , sum=%d\n”,a[0],a[1],a[2],sum);
sum = getSum(a,3);
printf(“a[0]=%d, a[1]=%d, a[2]=%d , sum=%d\n”,a[0],a[1],a[2],sum);
return 0;
}
Array Arguments
 Because we pass address of array to function, array element
value which is modified in a function will remain modified even
after the function call is finished.
 example
int getSum (int score[] , int arraySize)
{
int i;
int sum=0;
for (i=0;i<arraySize;i++) {
sum+=score[i];
score[i]=sum;
}
return sum;
}

int main()
{
int a[]={1,5,10};
int sum=0;
printf(“a[0]=%d, a[1]=%d, a[2]=%d , sum=%d\n”,a[0],a[1],a[2],sum);
sum = getSum(a,3);
printf(“a[0]=%d, a[1]=%d, a[2]=%d , sum=%d\n”,a[0],a[1],a[2],sum);
return 0;
}
Example : rcSum.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> // strlen

#define N 3

void readNxN(int a[N][N]);


void sumNxN(const int a[N][N], int rSum[N], int cSum[N]);
void printNxN(const int a[N][N], const int rSum[N], const int cSum[N]);

int main()
{
int x[N][N];
int rSum[N] = {0}, cSum[N] = {0};

readNxN(x);
sumNxN(x, rSum, cSum);
printNxN(x, rSum, cSum);

return 0;
}
void readNxN(int a[N][N])
{
int i, j;
printf(“Input %d x %d integer matrix :\n", N, N);
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < N; ++j)
scanf("%d", & a[i][j]);
}

void sumNxN(const int a[N][N], int rSum[N], int cSum[N])


{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
rSum[i] += a[i][j];
cSum[j] += a[i][j];
}
}
}
void printNxN(const int a[N][N], const int rSum[N], const int cSum[N])
{
int i, j;
const char *lseg = "-------";
const int width = strlen(lseg) - 1;

for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {


for (j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
printf("%*d ", width, a[i][j]);
printf("| %*d\n", width, rSum[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
printf("%s", lseg);
printf("+\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
printf("%*d ", width, cSum[i]);
printf("\n");
}

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