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Forces and Gravity

The document provides an overview of forces, including their types and effects on motion, such as balanced and unbalanced forces. It explains gravitational, magnetic, nuclear, and frictional forces, as well as the types of friction and their impact on motion. Additionally, it discusses the Universal Law of Gravitation, differentiating between weight and mass.

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14 views21 pages

Forces and Gravity

The document provides an overview of forces, including their types and effects on motion, such as balanced and unbalanced forces. It explains gravitational, magnetic, nuclear, and frictional forces, as well as the types of friction and their impact on motion. Additionally, it discusses the Universal Law of Gravitation, differentiating between weight and mass.

Uploaded by

Camilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forces and Gravity

Advanced Science High School Review


FORCE

A push or a pull
 Forcesact on objects. All
forces are exerted by one
object on another object.
COMBINING FORCES

 Forcesin the same direction – forces can


be added together to determine the net
force.

 Forces in different direction - the net


force is determined by subtracting the
smaller force from the larger one.
COMBINING FORCES
COMBINING FORCES
UNBALANCED FORCE

 Unbalanced forces produce a


change in motion.
 When the net force on an object is
not zero, the forces on the object
are unbalanced.
 Unbalanced forces are necessary to
cause a non-moving object to start
moving.
BALANCED FORCE

 Balancedforces produce
no change in motion.
 When the net force applied
to an object produce a net
force of zero, the forces are
balanced.
 Balanced forces do NOT
cause a non-moving object
to start moving.
KINDS OF FORCES

 Gravitational Force – force that pulls


objects toward one another.
 The strength of gravitational force
depends on the amount of mass in an
object and the distance between
objects.
 If the mass is small, gravitational
force is small.
 If the objects are closer together, the
gravitational force is greater.
KINDS OF FORCES

 MagneticForce – force that


causes objects to attract or
repel each other.
 Magnetic force is also the force
of attraction and repulsion that
occurs between electrically
charged particles
KINDS OF FORCES

 Nuclear Force – force that holds the


particles in the nucleus together
❖Strong nuclear force – holds the nuclear
particles together by holding quarks together.
Quarks are smaller particles in neutrons and
protons
❖Weak nuclear force – force that holds
particles within protons and neutrons together.
KINDS OF FORCES – NUCLEAR FORCE
KINDS OF FORCES

 Frictional Force – force that


opposes motion between two
surfaces touching each other.
 Itcauses the object that
moves along a surface to slow
down and eventually stop
CIRCULAR MOTION

 Centrifugaland Centripetal
Force – Force acting on
objects moving in circular
motion.
 Centripetal
force pulls the
object towards the centre.
 Centrifugal
force is the
outward force acting on the
object
FRICTION

 Friction – a force that opposes motion. Friction occurs


because the surface of any object is rough.
 The amount of friction between two surfaces depends on
many factors, including the roughness of the surfaces and
the force pushing the surfaces together.
 Rougher surfaces create more friction.
 Greater force pushing the surfaces together create more
friction.
TYPES OF FRICTION

Sliding friction – If you


push an eraser across
your desk, the eraser will
move for a short distance
then stop.
This is an example of
sliding friction.
TYPES OF FRICTION

 Rolling friction – The


friction between the
wheels and the floor
when you push the
sofa with rollers is an
example of rolling
friction
TYPES OF FRICTION

 Fluid friction – Fluid friction


opposes the motion of
objects traveling through a
fluid.
 Fluids include liquids and
gases
TYPES OF FRICTION

 Static friction – When a force is


applied to an object but does not
cause the object to move, static
friction occurs.
 The object does not move
because the force of static
friction balances the force
applied.
 Static friction disappears as soon
as the object starts moving
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION

 Law of Universal Gravitation – Newton generalized his


observations on gravity in a law now known as the law
of universal gravitation. The law of universal
gravitation states the following:
All objects in the universe attract each other through
gravitational force.
The size of the force depends on the masses of the
objects and the distance between them.
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION

 Gravitational force is small between objects with small masses.


 Gravitational force is larger between objects with larger masses.
 If the distance between the two objects is increased, the
gravitational force pulling them together is reduced.
WEIGHT

 Weight is a measure of gravitational force exerted on an


object.
 Weight and masses are different.
 Weight changes when gravitational force changes.
 Massis the amount of matter in an object, and its value
does not change.

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