Convert Docs to Video: A Comprehensive

Review of Text-to-Video Generation

Abstract—The increasing reliance on video content for with minimal human intervention. This paper reviews
education, marketing, and corporate communication has existing T2V research and explores potential solutions
driven research toward automating video creation from for this project. By synthesizing key findings from 29
text-based sources. Text-to-Video (T2V) generation, lever-
aging deep learning techniques such as transformers, influential papers, we aim to highlight the current state
GANs, and diffusion models, offers a solution to convert of the field, identify its limitations, and propose a viable
documents like PDFs, presentations, and plain text into path forward.
video format. This review paper surveys 29 significant
papers in T2V, each contributing to improving video II. L ITERATURE S URVEY
quality, temporal coherence, and scalability. In addition,
it examines how these advances can be applied to the • TF-T2V Framework: Enhancing Text-to-Video
”Convert Docs to Video” project. The paper concludes with Generation with Text-free Videos (2024)
a proposed hybrid model for optimal video generation and The TF-T2V framework leverages unlabeled videos
highlights areas for future research. to improve the quality and scalability of text-to-
Index Terms—Text-to-Video Generation, Deep Learning,
Transformers, GANs, Diffusion Models video generation. It decomposes video generation
into content and motion branches, allowing the
model to utilize image-text datasets for appearance
I. I NTRODUCTION
and text-free videos for motion synthesis. TF-T2V
As businesses and educational institutions increasingly introduces a temporal coherence loss to enforce
adopt video content for engaging audiences, the creation learning of correlations between adjacent frames,
of such content has become a major focus. Traditionally, improving continuity in generated videos. Experi-
video production is labor-intensive and costly, requiring ments show that TF-T2V achieves state-of-the-art
expertise in animation, editing, and media presentation. performance on text-to-video generation tasks.
However, the need to rapidly convert existing static docu- • FETV: A Benchmark for Fine-Grained Evalua-
ments into video content, especially for educational and tion of Open-Domain Text-to-Video Generation
corporate purposes, has introduced a growing demand (2024)
for automated solutions. This paper develops a novel evaluation approach
Text-to-Video (T2V) generation is a burgeoning field called EI2 , enhancing existing pre-trained Text-to-
of research in artificial intelligence, aimed at automating Image diffusion models for video editing tasks. It
the transformation of textual descriptions into videos. introduces the Shift-restricted Temporal Attention
This is achieved using deep learning techniques such as Module (STAM) to resolve semantic disparity and
generative adversarial networks (GANs), transformers, the Fine-coarse Frame Attention Module (FFAM)
and diffusion models. These models enable the auto- for improved temporal consistency. The authors
mated generation of videos that correspond to textual validate that EI2 effectively addresses these issues,
content, allowing the rapid creation of video materials outperforming current state-of-the-art methods in
from static sources like PDFs, PowerPoint presentations, video editing.
or plain text files. • Towards Consistent Video Editing with Text-to-
The ”Convert Docs to Video” project seeks to lever- Image Diffusion Models (2024)
age these advancements, creating a system capable of The paper identifies critical issues in prior text-
converting static documents into dynamic video formats driven video editing, particularly temporal incon-
 sistency and semantic disparity. It proposes two generation consistency.
innovations: the STAM to mitigate covariate shift • Diverse and Aligned Audio-to-Video Generation
problems and the FFAM to enhance temporal con- via Text-to-Video Model Adaptation (2023)
sistency. Extensive experiments validate that these This method generates diverse videos aligned with
innovations significantly improve the performance input audio samples by adapting a pre-trained text-
of video editing using diffusion models. to-video model to accept audio inputs. The authors
• Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided introduce a novel evaluation metric called AV-Align
Video Generation (2023) to measure temporal alignment between generated
This paper introduces the Unified Predictive Deci- videos and audio inputs.
sion Process (UPDP), an alternative to the Markov • CustomVideo: Customizing Text-to-Video Gen-
Decision Process used in reinforcement learning. eration with Multiple Subjects (2024)
UPDP utilizes images as a universal interface and CustomVideo is a multi-subject driven framework
texts as task specifiers, enabling knowledge shar- that uses co-occurrence and attention control mech-
ing and generalization. The authors evaluate their anisms to preserve multiple subject identities in
method on combinatorial generalization, multi-task generated videos. The authors introduce a bench-
learning, and leveraging internet-scale knowledge mark dataset called CustomStudio covering various
transfer, showing superior performance compared subject categories, demonstrating superior perfor-
to several baselines. mance compared to previous approaches.
• Free-Bloom: Zero-Shot Text-to-Video Generator • Sora as an AGI World Model? A Complete
with LLM Director and LDM Animator (2023) Survey on Text-to-Video Generation (2024)
Free-Bloom presents a zero-shot text-to-video gen- This comprehensive survey discusses core compo-
eration pipeline that uses large language models nents of text-to-video generation models aimed at
as directors to generate event sequences and pre- achieving world modeling. It analyzes current ad-
trained latent diffusion models as animators to vancements, limitations, potential applications, and
create sequential frames. The paper proposes tech- future research directions in the field.
nical solutions for ensuring semantic, identical, and • Vidu: A Highly Consistent, Dynamic, and Skilled
temporal coherence in generated videos, achieving Text-to-Video Generator with Diffusion Models
high quality without any training data. (2024)
• Unlearning Concepts from Text-to-Video Diffu- Vidu is introduced as a high-performance model ca-
sion Models (2024) pable of generating 1080p videos up to 16 seconds
The authors propose a method to unlearn spe- long using a diffusion model. The paper highlights
cific concepts from text-to-video diffusion models Vidu’s coherence, dynamism, and ability to gen-
by transferring unlearning capabilities from text- erate realistic videos comparable to state-of-the-art
to-image models. This computationally efficient models.
method only requires optimizing the text encoder • StreamingT2V: Consistent, Dynamic, and Ex-
while preserving the model’s generation capabili- tendable Long Video Generation from Text
ties, demonstrating effectiveness through qualitative (2024)
experiments on various concepts. StreamingT2V proposes an autoregressive approach
• MOTIONDIRECTOR: Motion Customization of for generating extended video content using con-
Text-to-Video Diffusion Models (2023) ditional attention modules for short-term memory
This paper defines ”Motion Customization” for and appearance preservation modules for long-term
text-to-video models and proposes MotionDirector, memory. This method addresses challenges in gen-
which decouples appearance and motion learning erating consistent long videos from text prompts.
using a dual-path architecture. Experiments show • Towards A Better Metric for Text-to-Video Gen-
that MotionDirector outperforms other methods in eration (2024)
generating diverse videos with desired motion con- The authors introduce T2VScore as a new metric
cepts. evaluating text-video alignment and video quality.
• OpenVid-1M: A Large-Scale High-Quality They present the TVGE dataset for collecting hu-
Dataset for Text-to-Video Generation (2024) man evaluations on these aspects, demonstrating
The authors introduce OpenVid-1M, a high-quality that T2VScore aligns better with human judgments
dataset containing over 1 million video clips than existing metrics.
with detailed captions. They also propose a new • Make Pixels Dance: High-Dynamic Video Gen-
model called MVDiT that leverages both visual eration (2023)
and textual information to improve text-to-video PixelDance is proposed as a novel video generation
 approach utilizing image instructions for both initial • Exploring AIGC Video Quality: A Focus on
and final frames alongside text instructions. The Visual Harmony, Video-Text Consistency, and
model achieves superior temporal consistency and Domain Distribution Gap (2024)
quality compared to existing methods. This framework assesses AI-generated video qual-
• MicroCinema: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach ity through visual harmony, consistency with text
for Text-to-Video Generation (2023) prompts, and domain distribution gaps. It shows im-
MicroCinema employs a two-stage strategy where provements in quality assessment metrics compared
a center frame is generated first using existing to previous methods.
techniques, followed by final video generation using • WorldGPT: A Sora-Inspired Video AI Agent as
this frame along with text prompts. Extensive ex- Rich World Models from Text and Image Inputs
periments demonstrate its effectiveness on standard (2024)
datasets. WorldGPT combines multimodal learning tech-
• PHENAKI: Variable Length Video Generation niques to construct world models from textual
from Open Domain Textual Descriptions (2022) prompts and images while employing advanced dif-
Phenaki generates temporally coherent videos from fusion methods for enhanced control over generated
open-domain prompts using an encoder-decoder ar- content.
chitecture called C-ViViT that compresses videos • Subjective-Aligned Dataset and Metric for Text-
into discrete tokens while preserving coherence to-Video Quality Assessment (2024)
across variable lengths. The authors establish T2VQA-DB as the largest-
• PEEKABOO: Interactive Video Generation via scale dataset for evaluating text-generated videos
Masked-Diffusion (2023) alongside proposing T2VQA—a transformer-based
PEEKABOO allows interactive video generation by model assessing quality from alignment perspec-
providing spatio-temporal control over any UNet- tives using large language models.
based diffusion model output without added latency • Vlogger: Make Your Dream A Vlog (2024)
during inference. The method achieves significant The Vlogger system generates longer vlogs from
improvements over baseline evaluations. user descriptions through various foundation mod-
• Snap Video: Scaled Spatiotemporal Transform- els across four stages. It achieves state-of-the-art
ers for Text-to-Video Synthesis (2024) performance in zero-shot tasks while maintaining
Snap Video introduces a scalable transformer ar- coherence throughout lengthy outputs.
chitecture that jointly models spatial and temporal • ConditionVideo: Training-Free Condition-
dimensions in compressed representations, leading Guided Video Generation (2023)
to enhanced training efficiency and improved mo- ConditionVideo disentangles motion representation
tion modeling capabilities compared to U-Net based into guided components while leveraging off-
approaches. the-shelf models without retraining—improving
• Grid Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Gener- frame consistency through innovative attention
ation (2024) mechanisms.
The grid diffusion model allows efficient text-to- • Fei Dysen-VDM Empowering Dynamics-aware
video generation without large datasets or high Text-to-Video Diffusion with LLMs (2023)
computational costs by reducing the temporal di- Dysen-VDM enhances T2V synthesis by model-
mension of videos to image dimensions while ing intricate dynamics through LLMs like Chat-
achieving high-quality outputs. GPT—resulting in fluent transitions and improved
• Edit-A-Video: Single Video Editing with Object- scene richness over existing methods.
Aware Consistency (2023) • Video Diffusion Models (2022)
Edit-A-Video is presented as a two-stage framework This paper demonstrates high-quality video genera-
that inflates 2D TTI models into 3D TTV models tion via Gaussian diffusion models while introduc-
for editing source videos based on target descrip- ing conditional sampling techniques that enhance
tions while maintaining background consistency coherence across generated sequences.
through novel blending techniques.
• F3-Pruning: A Training-Free Pruning Strategy III. M ETHODOLOGY
towards Faster Text-to-Video Synthesis (2023) For the ”Convert Docs to Video” project, a hybrid
F³-Pruning effectively prunes redundant attention approach combining multiple state-of-the-art techniques
weights in T2V models without retraining, leading is proposed. The method incorporates transformers to
to faster inference while maintaining video quality handle long-range dependencies, GANs for generating
across various datasets. high-resolution video frames, and diffusion models to
ensure smooth temporal transitions. This system will • Dysen-VDM: This model addresses limitations in
convert static document formats—such as PDFs, Pow- modeling intricate temporal dynamics by leveraging
erPoint slides, or plain text—into video content through large language models (LLMs) to enhance under-
multiple stages. standing of temporal sequences in text-to-video
1) Data Preparation: Documents will be parsed and generation. Dysen-VDM extracts key actions from
segmented into logical chunks for video genera- input text, arranges them temporally, and enriches
tion. Each segment will be analyzed for keywords, scene details using LLMs. This approach results
visual cues, and textual elements. in high-quality video generation with improved
2) Text Preprocessing: Pre-trained language models motion fidelity, which is crucial for accurately rep-
like BERT will be used to understand the context resenting dynamic document content.
of each document. Textual descriptions will be • StreamingT2V: This autoregressive method syn-
translated into action cues that can be visualized. thesizes extended video content seamlessly, utiliz-
3) Model Integration: The proposed model will ing a conditional attention module for short-term
use transformer networks for temporal coherence, memory and an appearance preservation module
GANs for frame-level synthesis, and diffusion for long-term memory. Its ability to maintain scene
models to improve the smoothness of motion coherence over longer videos makes it suitable
across video sequences. for document-to-video conversion tasks that require
4) Evaluation: The system will be evaluated based on extended storytelling or detailed explanations.
video quality (resolution and frame rate), temporal • PEEKABOO: This interactive video generation
coherence (smooth transitions between frames), method allows for spatio-temporal control over the
and semantic accuracy (how well the video rep- output of existing diffusion models. By providing
resents the text). users with the ability to interactively guide video
generation, PEEKABOO can enhance the personal-
IV. D ISCUSSION ization of videos created from document content,
The advancements in text-to-video generation have allowing users to specify particular aspects they
led to the emergence of several promising technologies wish to emphasize or modify during the generation
that can be leveraged for converting documents like process.
PDF, PPT, and text into videos. Based on the literature In conclusion, technologies such as TF-T2V, Condi-
reviewed, the following technologies stand out as the tionVideo, Dysen-VDM, StreamingT2V, and PEEKA-
most suitable for this task: BOO present robust frameworks that can be adapted
• TF-T2V Framework: This framework enhances for effective document-to-video conversion. Their unique
text-to-video generation by utilizing both labeled strengths in handling temporal coherence, dynamic scene
and unlabeled data, significantly improving scala- representation, and user interactivity make them well-
bility and quality. The TF-T2V model decomposes suited for creating engaging and informative videos from
video generation into content and motion branches, textual documents.
allowing it to leverage image-text datasets for ap-
pearance while using text-free videos for motion V. C ONCLUSION
synthesis. Its introduction of a temporal coherence
loss function helps to improve video continuity and The literature survey highlights the significant
reduce frame inconsistencies, making it a strong progress made in text-to-video generation, with vari-
candidate for generating coherent videos from doc- ous approaches addressing challenges such as temporal
ument content. consistency, motion modeling, and scalability. Several
• ConditionVideo: This training-free method uti-
papers propose novel architectures and techniques to
lizes off-the-shelf text-to-image models to generate enhance the quality and controllability of generated
videos with realistic dynamic backgrounds. By dis- videos.
entangling motion representation into conditional- To develop a solution for converting documents like
guided and scenery motion components, Condi- PDF, PPT, and text to video, we can leverage the
tionVideo enables the generation of temporally advancements in text-to-video generation. Some key
consistent frames. Its use of sparse bi-directional aspects to consider:
spatial-temporal attention and a 3D control branch • Utilizing pre-trained text-to-image models and
enhances conditional accuracy and temporal consis- adapting them for video generation, as seen in
tency, making it particularly suitable for generating papers like Edit-A-Video [14] and ConditionVideo.
videos that reflect the content of documents accu- • Incorporating techniques for improving tempo-
rately. ral consistency, such as the conditional attention
 module (CAM) and appearance preservation mod- [5] H. Huang et al., ”Free-Bloom: Zero-Shot Text-to-Video Genera-
ule (APM) proposed in StreamingT2V. tor with LLM Director and LDM Animator,” Advances in Neural
Information Processing Systems, vol. 36, 2024.
• Leveraging large language models for enhancing [6] S. Liu and Y. Tan, ”Unlearning Concepts from Text-to-Video
the understanding of temporal dynamics and gener- Diffusion Models,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.14209, 2024.
ating detailed scene descriptions, as demonstrated [7] R. Zhao et al., ”MOTIONDIRECTOR: Motion Customiza-
tion of Text-to-Video Diffusion Models,” arXiv preprint
in the Dysen-VDM system. arXiv:2310.08465, 2023.
• Exploring the use of diffusion models for video [8] K. Nan et al., ”OpenVid-1M: A Large-Scale High-Quality
generation, as they have shown promising results in Dataset for Text-to-Video Generation,” arXiv preprint
arXiv:2407.02371, 2024.
terms of sample quality and temporal coherence. [9] G. Yariv et al., ”Diverse and Aligned Audio-to-Video Generation
By incorporating these advancements and adapting via Text-to-Video Model Adaptation,” Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif.
Intell., vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 6639-6647, 2024.
them to the specific requirements of document-to-video [10] Z. Wang et al., ”CustomVideo: Customizing Text-to-
conversion, we can develop a robust and effective solu- Video Generation with Multiple Subjects,” arXiv preprint
tion for our project. arXiv:2401.09962, 2024.
[11] R. Henschel et al., ”StreamingT2V: Consistent, Dynamic, and
The most suitable paper for text-to-video genera- Extendable Long Video Generation from Text,” arXiv preprint
tion in the context of our project is ConditionVideo. arXiv:2403.14773, 2024.
ConditionVideo is a training-free method that lever- [12] Y. Zeng et al., ”Make Pixels Dance: High-Dynamic Video Gen-
eration,” Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit.,
ages off-the-shelf text-to-image generation models to pp. 8850-8860, 2024.
generate videos with realistic dynamic backgrounds. It [13] R. Villegas et al., ”PHENAKI: Variable Length Video Generation
disentangles the motion representation in videos into from Open Domain Textual Descriptions,” Proc. Int. Conf. Learn.
Represent., 2022.
conditional-guided motion and scenery motion compo- [14] Y. Wang et al., ”MicroCinema: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach
nents, enabling the generation of realistic and temporally for Text-to-Video Generation,” Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput.
consistent frames. ConditionVideo also introduces sparse Vis. Pattern Recognit., pp. 8414-8424, 2023.
[15] Y. Jain et al., ”PEEKABOO: Interactive Video Generation via
bi-directional spatial-temporal attention and a 3D control Masked-Diffusion,” Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern
branch to improve conditional accuracy and tempo- Recognit., pp. 8079-8088, 2023.
ral consistency. These features make ConditionVideo a [16] W. Menapace et al., ”Snap Video: Scaled Spatiotemporal Trans-
formers for Text-to-Video Synthesis,” Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf.
promising approach for converting documents to videos Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., pp. 7038-7048, 2024.
while maintaining high quality and consistency. [17] T. Lee et al., ”Grid Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Genera-
tion,” Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., pp.
VI. F UTURE W ORK 8734-8743, 2024.
[18] C. Shin et al., ”Edit-A-Video: Single Video Editing with Object-
Future research in T2V generation should aim to im- Aware Consistency,” Asian Conf. Mach. Learn., pp. 1215-1230,
prove the computational efficiency and scalability of cur- 2023.
[19] S. Su et al., ”F³-Pruning: A Training-Free and Generalized Prun-
rent models. Additionally, multi-modal capabilities, such ing Strategy Towards Faster and Finer Text-to-Video Synthesis,”
as integrating speech synthesis with video generation, Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 4961-4969,
could significantly enhance the utility of these systems. 2023.
[20] B. Qu et al., ”Exploring AIGC Video Quality: A Focus on Vi-
Ethical concerns surrounding AI-generated video con- sual Harmony, Video-Text Consistency and Domain Distribution
tent, particularly in terms of authenticity and potential Gap,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.13573, 2024.
misuse, should also be carefully examined. Developing [21] D. Yang et al., ”WorldGPT: A Sora-Inspired Video AI Agent as
Rich World Models from Text and Image Inputs,” arXiv preprint
systems that ensure content verification and prevent ma- arXiv:2403.07944, 2024.
nipulation will be crucial as AI-generated videos become [22] J. You et al., ”Vlogger: Make Your Dream A Vlog,” arXiv
more prevalent. preprint arXiv:2406.10035, 2024.
[23] Z. Wang et al., ”ConditionVideo: Training-Free Condition-
VII. R EFERENCES Guided Video Generation,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.08465,
2023.
R EFERENCES [24] F. Fei et al., ”Dysen-VDM: Empowering Dynamics-aware Text-
to-Video Diffusion with LLMs,” Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput.
R EFERENCES Vis. Pattern Recognit., 2024.
[25] J. Ho et al., ”Video Diffusion Models,” Advances in Neural
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