The Complete Smith Chart

0.11

70

(+
jX
/Z

45

1.0

50

0.8

55

1.6

1.8

50

2.0

25

0.4

0.3

0.8

4.0

15

20

0.2

IND
UCT
IVE

1.0

5.0

10
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
0.27
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
G
R
LE OF
E
ES
ANG
ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
TRANSM
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG

0.
8
0.6

10

0.1

0.4

20

50

20

10

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

50

RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)

50

0.2

20

0.4

0.1

1.0

0.8

0.6
2.0

1.8

0.2

1.4

1.2
5
-4

0.14
-80

0.35

0.11
-100

-90
0.13

0.36
TR S. RF S. A
A W. L. W. TT
N P L L EN
SM EA O O
.
.C
. C K SS [ SS C [dB
O
O (C dB O ]
EF
EF O ]
EF
F,
F, NS
F
E
P T.
or
P)
I

1.0

-4
0

0.15

0.9

-70

4
0.3

-35

6
0.1

-5

-60

3
0.3

0.8

7
0.1

1.6

-30

0.7

-55

0.1
2

0.6

0.3

-60

31

0.5

0
-5
-25

0.

-65

19

0.

0.12

0.37

0.4

0.39

0.38

40 30
0

10
20

1
0.9

1
0.0
ORIGIN

0.8
0.9
0.1

15
2

0.7

0.6
0.8
0.2

10

0.5

0.4

0.7
0.3

2.5

8
6

0.3
0.6
0.4

6
8

0.2
0.5
0.5

1.8

5
10

0.1
0.4
0.6

1.6

0.3
0.7

1.4

4
12

3
14

0.05
0.2
0.8

1.2 1.1 1
2
20

15

TOWARD LOAD >

10
7
5

1 1
30 0

0.1

0.01

0 0

1.1

0.1

0 1

0.99

0.9

CENTER
1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.3 1.4

0.2

0.4

0.6

1.2

1.3
0.95

1.4

0.8

1.5

0.9

< TOWARD GENERATOR

2
1

3
1.6
1

1.8
1.5

2
2

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

0.8

0.7

2.5
0.6

0.5

10

5
3

0.4

4
0.3

20

10 15

6
0.2

10

5
0.1

N
SM

20

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

0.0

0.1
0.4
1
-11
0
.
0
0
9
0.4
2
0.
0
1
8
2
0
CA
P
0.4
A
CI
3
T
I
VE
0.0
RE
7
AC
-1
TA
30
N
C
EC
OM
PO
N
EN
T
(-j

0.4

-20
3.0

0.4

-15

TR

)
/Yo
(-jB
CE
AN
T
P
CE
44
-75
US
0.
40
ES
-1
06
IV
T
0.
C
DU
IN
R
-70
O
),
Zo
X/

1.0

4.0

6
0.4

5.0

0.2
9

0.3

-4

R BS B] , P r I
SW d S [d EFF , E o
S
O CO EFF
.L .
N FL . CO
R L
RF
RT

100 40

0.28

0.2

0.

0.22

-30

0.3

0.2
1

4
0.0
0
-15 -80

0.2

-20

-85

8
0.

-10

0.48

10
0.6

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

0.22

0.28

1.0

1
0.2

RE
AC
TA
75
NC
EC
OM
PO
N
EN
T

20

3.0

0.6

15
0

0.1

0.3

0.2
30

80

30

0.2

0.5

4
0.
4

0
14

5
5

0.0

0.
4

0.4

R
,O
o)

0.2

0.0
4

)
/Yo
(+jB

0.1
7

0.3

60

0.3

0.4
6

35

40

85

0.3

31
0.

0.0 > WAVELE

0.49
NGTH
S TOW
ARD
0.0
0.49
AD <
O
GEN
L
D
R
ERA
OWA
T
0.48
S
7
180

TO
TH
0.4
G
17
70
N
0
R
-1
E
L
E
0.47
>
AV
W
160
0
<
6
1
-90
90
-

0.1
6

70

40

19
0.

CE
AN
PT
CE
US
S
E
IV
IT
AC
P
CA

65

3
0.4
0
13

0.6 60

0.
06

0.0

120

0.15
0.35

80

1.4

2
0.4

0.14
0.36

90

0.7

8
0.0

0.37

0.9

110

0.4

0.13

0.38

100

0.4

9
0.0

0.12

0.39

1.2

0.1

0.40

0.41

0.36

0.37

0.38

0.39
2 60

2 70

2 80

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.34

0.35

0.4

2 50

2 90

1.5

0.7

0.6

0.4

2 40

23

2.0

0.5

0.4

0.4

22

2 10

0.8

5
0.4

0.6

0.46

1.0

0.6

0.27

1.0

- XZ

0.2

0.4

0.8
50

20

10

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.5

0.9
1.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

+ ZX

1 70

0.02
0.03
1 60

1.0

5.0

0.26

2 00

0.2

1 80

4.0

0.28
3 40

0.1
0.4

1 90

1.0

20

0.25

0.47
1 50

0.04

0.8

0.3
0

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.01

3.0

3 50

0.29
3 30

0.3

0.6

0.24

10

0.49

0.6

0.23

0.8
20

0.48
ne

14

0.0

(i n

ar l /
c
r
6

0.0

n)

2.0

0.5

0.6

0.2

0.22

0.3

1.5

0.7

60

0.21

0.2

3 00

1.0

0.9

0.8

70

30

0.1

80

0.4

32

0.2

0.14

13

3.0

7
90

4.0

0.0
1 20
0.13

5.0

10

0.0
1 10

20

0.09
0.12

0.2

40

R
Z

9
0.1

0
(

0.4

e
au
n)

0.11
1 00

50

0.10

31

m in db

0.3

0.0

0.02
0.01

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0
1.0
0.9

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9
1.0
1.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
6
4

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

10

15

20

40
30

m=Umin/Umax
Reflexionsfaktor r

reflektierte Leistung

0.15

0.16
0.1
7
8

0.1

50

0.4

10

50

The Complete Smith Chart

Black Magic Design
0.11

70

(+
jX
/Z

45

2.0

0.5

06
0.
44
0.
14
0

RE
AC
TA
75
NC
EC
OM
PO
N
EN
T

0.4

0.0

0.

0.3

0.8

4.0

15

5.0

0.2

IND
UCT
IVE

20

10

0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
0.27
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
G
R
LE OF
E
ES
ANG
ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
TRANSM
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG

0.

0.6

10

0.1

0.4

20

0.2

50

20

10

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

1.0

50

0.1

50

RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)

0.2

20

0.4

1.0
1.0

-15

4.0

0.8
0.6

2.0

1.8
0.3

1.4
1.2
0

-4

0.15

0.14
-80

0.35

0.0
7
30

-1

0.13

0.12

0.37

0.4
0.0
8
2

0.4

0.0

-110

0.4

0.1

0.11
-100

-90

0.36

TR S. RF S. A
A W. L. W. TT
N P L L EN
SM EA O O
.
.C
. C K SS [ SS C [dB
O
O (C dB O ]
EF
EF O ]
EF
F,
F, NS
F
E
P T.
or
P)
I

1.0

-70

0.1

-4

0.9

-35

0.3

0
-5

-60

0.8

0.7

0.1

1.6

-30

(-j

0.6

0.3

-12
0
CAP
AC
ITI
VE
R
E
AC
TA
NC
E

0.2

-55

0.1

-60

0
-5
-25

31

0.

-65

19

0.5

CO
M
PO
N
EN
T

0.4

5
0.4

5
0.0

-20
3.0

0.
0

TR

)
/Yo
(-jB
CE
AN
T
P
CE
44
-75
US
0.
40
ES
-1
06
IV
T
0.
C
DU
IN
R
-70
O
),
Zo
X/

5.0

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.39

0.38

20
1

0.9

0.0
ORIGIN

0.8
0.9

0.1

15
2

0.7

0.6
0.8

0.2

10

0.5

0.4

0.7

0.3

2.5

8
6

0.3
0.6

0.4

6
8

0.2
0.5

0.5

1.8

5
10

0.1
0.4

0.6

1.6

0.3

0.7

1.4

4
12

3
14

0.05
0.2

0.8

1.2 1.1 1
2
20

15

TOWARD LOAD >

10
7
5

1 1
30 0

0.1

0.01

0 0

1.1

0.1

0 1

0.99

0.9

CENTER
1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.3 1.4

0.2

0.4

0.6

1.2

1.3
0.95

1.4

0.8

1.5

0.9

< TOWARD GENERATOR

2
1

3
1.6
1

1.8
1.5

2
2

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

0.8

0.7

2.5
0.6

0.5

10

5
3

0.4

4
0.3

20

10 15

0.2

10

5
0.1

SM

40 30

10

20

R BS B] , P r I
SW d S [d EFF , E o
S
O CO FF
. L L. OE
RF L. C
RF
N

RT

100 40

0.28

0.2

-4

0.22

1
-30

0.3

0.

0.2

4
0.0
0
-15 -80

0.2

-20

-85

0.

-10

0.48

10
0.6

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

0.22

0.28

1.0
1.0

15
0

80

0.2

20

3.0

0.6

0.2
30

0.4

0.2

0.0

50

0.3

85

40

0.3

25

0.1

0.4

0.1

30

0.2

31

0.4

)
/Yo
(+jB

0.

0.0 > WAVELE

0.49
NGTH
S TOW
ARD
0.0
0.49
AD <
O
GEN
L
D
R
ERA
OWA
T
0.48
S
7
180
TO
TH
0.4
G
17
70
N
0
R
-1
E
L
E
0.47
>
AV
W
1
0
6
<
6
0
1
-90
90
-

0.3

60

19

R
,O
o)

0.1

35

0.

VE
TI
CI
PA
A
C

CE
AN
PT
CE
S
SU

1.8

65

3
0.4
0
13

0.3

1.6

0.0

0.6 60

0
12

1.4

0.4

0.1

70

40

0.7

0.15
0.35

80

1.0

0.8

55

.08

0.9

110

0.4

0.14
0.36

90
50

0.37

0.39
100

0.4

.09

0.13

0.38

1.2

0.1

0.12

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

0.40

0.41

0.36

0.37

0.38

0.39
2 60

2 70

2 80

0.4

1.0

0.9

0.8

2 50

1.5

0.7

0.6

0.4

2 40

23

2.0

0.5

0.4

0.4

22

2 10

0.8

5
0.4

0.46

1.0

0.6

0.27

2 00

- XZ

0.2

0.4

0.8
50

20

10

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.5

0.9
1.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

+ ZX

0.2

1.0

1 70

0.02
0.03
1 60

1.0

4.0

5.0

0.26

2 90

0.1

0.4

1 80

1.0

0.28
3 40

0.35

0.2

1 90
1 50

0.04

0.8

20
0.25

0.47

3.0

3 50

0.3

0.34

0.3

0.01

0.6

0.24

10

0.6

0.23

0.8
20

0.49

ne

14
0

0.0

(i n

ar l /
c
r
6

0.0

n)

2.0

0.5

0.6

0.2

0.3
0

1.5

0.7

60

0.3

1.0

0.9

0.8

70

0.22

0.29
3 30

0.4

32

Erluterungen zum Transformationsweg:

80

0.21

0.3

0.0

0.02
0.01

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0
1.0
0.9

-2

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9
1.0
1.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
-6
-4

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

-8

-10

-15

-20

-40
-30

Nr.:

30

0.2

Zu Aufgabe

0.1

0.14

3 00

13

0.2

90

m in db

31

m=|U|min/|U|max

0.3

0.0

1 20

0.6

3.0

0.13

4.0

0.0

1 10

10

0.09
0.12

5.0

Smith-Diagramm
(Widerstandsform)

0.2

40

0.48

R
Z

0.1

0
(

0.4

e
au

n)

0.11
1 00

20

0.10

50

Name:
Bezugswellenwiderstand
ZB =

Reflexionsfaktor |r|

|r|2

0.15
0.16
0.1
7

0.1

50

0.4

10

50

0.38

0.37

0.12

0.13

0.39

0.36

0.40

0.11
-100

-90

0.4
1

0.7

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.4
2

0.0
9

0.10
-11
0

-70

0.6

06
0.

0.
5

44
0.

0.
31

.0
43

40
-1

05
0.

45
.0

4
0.0
0
-15

0.2
9

0.
30

0.
19

-12
0
0 .08

6
0.4

0.2
8

3.
0

0
-16

0.26

4.
0
0.27

0.23

5.0
-10

10
0.24

3
0.0

20

10

6
7

1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

10

0.25

0.1
0.25
0

rd
wa
To

0.1
0.24

0.26

0.2
0.2
2

0.3
0.2
1
-30

0.
20

4
0.
-4
0

0.
0
-1 7
30

170

0.02
0.48

Tow
ard

0.0
3
0.4
7
160

5.0

10

-170

0.27

0.02

0.2

-20

7
0.4

er

0.4
6
15
0

0.0
4

ge n

a to
r

0
3.

0.23

0.01

14
0

0.
05
0.
45

0.
44

0.
06

2.0

1.0

60

8
0.2 20

0.49

0.3
4

2
0.2

d
l oa

70

1
0.2

0.3
9
0.2
30

0
180

110

20
0.

30
0.

0.
4
40

0.01

0.35

31
0.

0.49

0.36
80

19
0.

2.0

0.14
-80

90

0.15

0.37

0.35

0.13

0.38

4
0.3

0.9

43
0. 0
13

0.8

8
0.0

3
0.3

0
12

0.39
100

-60

1
0.4

18
0.
0
-5

9
0.0
0.40

0.12

6
0.1

0.11

7
0.1

0.10

32
0.

2
0.4

0.7

07
0.

0.6

5
0.

0.48

Smith Chart

0.14
0.15

0.1
6

0.3
3

0.1
7

0.
32
50

0.
18

4.0

www.teicontrols.com/notes/GraphPaper

Using the Smith Chart

First normalize the load impedance by dividing by the characteristic impedance, and find this point on
the chart.
When working in terms of reactance, an inductive load will be located on the top half of the chart, a
capacitive load on the bottom half. It's the other way around when working in terms of susceptance.
Draw a straight line from the center of the chart through the normalized load impedance point to the edge
of the chart.
Anchor a compass at the center of the chart and draw a circle passing through the normalized load
impedance point. Points along this circle represent the normalized impedance at various points along the
transmission line. Clockwise movement along the circle represents movement from the load toward the
source, with one full revolution representing 1/2 wavelength as marked on the outer edge of the Smith
chart. The two points where the circle intersects the horizontal axis are the voltage maxima (right) and
the voltage minima (left).
The point opposite the impedance (180 around the arc) is the admittance. The reason admittance (or
susceptance) is useful is because admittances in parallel are simply added. (Admittance is the reciprocal
of impedance; susceptance is the reciprocal of reactance.)

Smith Chart

Reflection coefficient:

Z Z0 r + j x 1
=
Z + Z0 r + j x + 1
!"#"$

x=

1 (u 2 + v 2 )

0.

2v
r% + %
jx =
+
j

2
2
1 u ) + v2
1 u ) + v2
real
(!"#"$
(
imag.
!""#""
$

2.0

1.0

normalized form

imaginary

u
Re

Inductive

= u + j v

1.0

Reflection coefficient in the complex plane:

5.0

r=
0.1

real

Imag.
v

0.5

Capacitive

Normalized load impedance:

1+
= r + jx
1+
5

Z + jZ 0 tan ( l )
1+
= Z0 L
1
Z 0 + jZ L tan ( l )

1.0

Z in = Z 0

2.0

Input impedance:

5.

0.

RL ( norm ) =

where = 2
The u and v axes are normally not shown on the Smith Chart. With respect to these axes, is zero when
at the origin and one when on the outer circle. The distance from to the origin in the magnitude of . If
is greater than one, that means there is gain.
Using the Smith chart, we assume =0, otherwise the circular path taken around the chart would be a
spiral. is the real part of the complex propagation constant where = ZY = + j and = 2 .

www.teicontrols.com/notes/GraphPaper

0.11

70

(+
jX
/Z

45

2.0

0.5

06
0.
44
0.
14
0

RE
AC
TA
75
NC
EC
OM
PO
N
EN
T

0.4

0.0

0.

0.3

0.8

4.0

15

5.0

0.2

IND
UCT
IVE

20

10

0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
0.27
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
G
R
LE OF
E
ES
ANG
ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
TRANSM
DEGR
LE OF
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ANG

0.

0.6

10

0.1

0.4

20

0.2

50

20

10

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

1.0

50

0.1

50

RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)

0.2

20

0.4

1.0
1.0

-15

4.0

0.8
0.6

2.0

1.8
0.3

1.4
1.2
0

-4

0.15

0.14
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0.35

0.0
7
30

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0.12

0.37

0.4
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TR S. RF S. A
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.
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or
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(-j

0.6

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0
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AC
ITI
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0

TR

)
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T
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CE
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0.
40
ES
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C
DU
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),
Zo
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5.0

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.39

0.38

20
1

0.9

0.0
ORIGIN

0.8
0.9

0.1

15
2

0.7

0.6
0.8

0.2

10

0.5

0.4

0.7

0.3

2.5

8
6

0.3
0.6

0.4

6
8

0.2
0.5

0.5

1.8

5
10

0.1
0.4

0.6

1.6

0.3

0.7

1.4

4
12

3
14

0.05
0.2

0.8

1.2 1.1 1
2
20

15

TOWARD LOAD >

10
7
5

1 1
30 0

0.1

0.01

0 0

1.1

0.1

0 1

0.99

0.9

CENTER
1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.3 1.4

0.2

0.4

0.6

1.2

1.3
0.95

1.4

0.8

1.5

0.9

< TOWARD GENERATOR

2
1

3
1.6
1

1.8
1.5

2
2

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

0.8

0.7

2.5
0.6

0.5

10

5
3

0.4

4
0.3

20

10 15

0.2

10

5
0.1

SM

40 30

10

20

R BS B] , P r I
SW d S [d EFF , E o
S
O CO FF
. L L. OE
RF L. C
RF
N

RT

100 40

0.28

0.2

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1
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0.3

0.

0.2

4
0.0
0
-15 -80

0.2

-20

-85

0.

-10

0.48

10
0.6

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

0.22

0.28

1.0
1.0

15
0

80

0.2

20

3.0

0.6

0.2
30

0.4

0.2

0.0

50

0.3

85

40

0.3

25

0.1

0.4

0.1

30

0.2

31

0.4

)
/Yo
(+jB

0.

0.0 > WAVELE

0.49
NGTH
S TOW
ARD
0.0
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GEN
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R
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0.48
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7
180
TO
TH
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17
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W
1
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<
6
0
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60

19

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o)

0.1

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0.

VE
TI
CI
PA
A
C

CE
AN
PT
CE
S
SU

1.8

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0.4
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0.3

1.6

0.0

0.6 60

0
12

1.4

0.4

0.1

70

40

0.7

0.15
0.35

80

1.0

0.8

55

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0.9

110

0.4

0.14
0.36

90
50

0.37

0.39
100

0.4

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0.13

0.38

1.2

0.1

0.12

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

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0.38

0.37

0.36

0.13

-90

0.9

6
1.

0.7

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.14
-80

0
2.

0.4

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/

CO
M
PO
NE
NT

8
1.

0.2

0.8

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0.

17 60
-

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0.3
5
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34
0.

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0.
33

0.

1.

0.

0.

0.
43
0.
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30

0.39
0.4
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0.1
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0.
41
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0.
0
0
9
0
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CAPA
2
CIT
IVE
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20
8
R
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TA
NC
E
0.

1.

3.
0

0.

0.
8

1.
0
4.

5.0

RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)

0.2

0.4

0.
6

0.
8

4
50

0.2

1.

0.

20

10

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.
29
0
.
21
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0

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.1

> WAVE
LENGT
HS T
0.49
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RD
0.48
GEN
170
ER
0.4
AT
OR
160 7
>
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0
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5
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0.
MP
ON
06
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EN
0 .4
T
4
(+
jX
/Z
o)

2.

0.

50

10

20

50

0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.2
0.
2
7
2
2
3
.
8
0
LECTION COEFFICIENT IN
0.2
DEGR
F REF
0.2
8
EES
LE O
0.2 0 ANG
-20 2
2

0.

0.0
180

6
0.

1.

0.

21
0.
29
0.
30

0.0

1.

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.
1
0. 7
33

0.
3
0.
2
0.
31
-4 0
0 .1
9

0.

0.2

32
18
0. 0
-5

60

34

0.

0.

0.

0.2
0.1
5
0.3
5
70

0.

0.

40

0.1

3.

OR

0.14
0.36
80

0.

90

4.

)
B/Yo
(+j
NCE
A
T
EP
SC
SU

31

0.49
0.48
AD <
O
L
D
7
R
0.4
TOWA
-170
THS
ENG 60
6
L
4
E
V
-1
0.
WA
/Yo)
<
(-jB
5
0
4
NCE
5
A
1
T
0. 5
EP
0
SC
0.
SU
E
V
4
I
4
CT
0. 06 140
DU
IN
0.
R
O
),
Zo

0.

E
IV
IT
AC
P
CA

110

0.37

19
10

43
0. 0
13

20

07

1
0.13

0.38

0.

0.
0.
8

0.

08
0. 2
4
0
0. 12

4
0.

0.12

5.0

0.

0.11
0.39
100

50

09
0.1
0.4

0.
16

32

0.
18