Nhóm 5

Academic: Có tính chất học thuật

The students return in October for the start of the new academic year.
• academe
• academia
• academically
• academy

Adjustment: Sự ñiều chỉnh

I've made a few adjustments to the design.
• adjust
• readjust
• readjustment

Alter: Thay ñổi, biến ñổi (nội, ngoại) Prices

did not alter significantly during 2007.
He had altered so much I scarcely recognized him.
Alter somebody/something It doesn't alter the way I feel.
Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame.
• alterable
• alteration
• alternate
• alternately
• alternation
• unalterable
• unaltered

Amend: Sửa chữa lỗi (ñối với văn bản: Luật, hợp ñồng, tài liệu) The
contract has now been amended.
• amendment

Aware: Nhận thấy, Nhận biết

As far as I'm aware, nobody has done anything about it.
Aware of something I don't think people are really aware of just how much it costs.
He was well aware of the problem.
Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.
Aware that… Were you aware that something was wrong?
• awareness
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• unaware
• unawareness

Capacity: (~skilled, competent ) Có tài, có năng lực, có khả năng Capable

of something You are capable of better work than this.
Capable of doing something He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble. I'm
perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you.
• incapacitate

Challenge: Sự khước từ
It was a direct challenge to the president's authority.
• challenged
• challenger
• challenging

Clause: ðiều khoản (trong hiệp ước, bộ luật…)

There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet.

Compound: Hợp chất, từ ghép… (thứ gồm 2 thứ trở lên hợp thành) Common
salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.

Conflict: Sự xung ñột, ñối lập, sự va chạm John

often comes into conflict with his boss.
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
The government has done nothing to resolve the conflict over nurses' pay.

Consultation: Sự tham khảo, bàn bạc, sự thảo luận

The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents.
• consult
• consultancy
• consultant
• consultative

Contact: Sự liên lạc, liên hệ She's

lost contact with her son.
I finally made contact her in Paris.
Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college?
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The organization put me in contact with other people in a similar position.
• contactable

Decline: Sự suy sụp, tàn tạ, suy tàn

The town fell into (a) after the mine closed.
Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.

Discretion: Sự tự do làm theo ý mình, sự tùy í I'll

leave it up to you to use your discretion.
• discrete
• discretely
• discreteness
• discretionary
• indiscretion

Draft: Bản phác thảo

I've made a rough draft of the letter. (phác thảo nháp) The
legislation is still in draft form.
• redraft

Enable: (~allow): Làm cho có thể (help?)

The software enables you to create your own DVDs. Insulin
enables the body to use and store sugar.

Energy: Năng lượng

It is important to conserve energy.
• energetic
• energetically

Enforce: Ép buộc. (obey: tuân theo) The

legislation will be difficult to enforce.
It is the duty of the police to enforce the law.
United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in the area. (lệnh ngừng bắn)
• enforceable
• enforced
• enforcement

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Entity: Thực thể, sự tồn tại
These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity.
The unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate
entity.

Equivalent: Tương ñương

250 grams or an equivalent amount in ouncesequivalent to something Eight
kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
• equivalence

Evolution: Tiến hóa, tiến triển (quá trình)

Darwin's theory of evolution
• evolutionarily
• evolutionary
• evolutionism
• evolutionist
• evolve

Expansion: Sự mở rộng, sự phát triển

The expansion of higher education will continue.
• expand
• expansionism
• expansionist
• expansive
• expansively
• expansiveness

Expose: (~reveal ) Vạch trần, phơi bày My

job as a journalist is to expose the truth.
Expose something to somebody He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to
anyone.
• exposed
• exposure

External: Ở ngoài, bên ngoài

The lotion is for external use only (= only for the skin and must not be swallowed).
• externality
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• externalization
• externalize
• externally

Facilitate: Làm cho dễ dàng, khả thi hơn

The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.
• facilitation
• facilitator
• facility

Fundamental: (~basic, essential ) Cơ bản, cơ sở, chủ yếu

There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.
A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required. •
fundamentally

Generate: Sinh ra, phát ra

We need someone to generate new ideas.

Generation: Thế hệ
I often wonder what future generations will make of our efforts.

Image: Hình tượng

The aim is to improve the public image of the police.
• imagery

Liberal: Khoan dung, khoan hồng, dung hòa

A liberal attitude
Her parents were very liberal.
• liberalism
• liberalization
• liberalize
• liberally
• liberate
• liberated
• liberation
• liberator
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Licence: Giấy phép
A licence for the software
You need a licence to fish in this river.
• unlicensed

Logic: Lô gic, tính lô gic

I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
• illogical / • logical
• illogicality
• illogically
• logically
• logician
Margin: sự khác nhau trong số phiếu bầu He
won by a narrow margin.
She beat the other runners by a margin of ten seconds.
• marginal
• marginally

Medical: (thuộc) Y, Y học

Medical school: trường y
A medical officer: quân y sĩ
• medically

Mental: (thuộc) trí tuệ, (thuộc) trí óc

I made a mental note to talk to her about it
He has a complete mental block (= difficulty in understanding or remembering) when
it comes to physics.
• mentality
• mentally

Modify: (~adjust) Làm dịu nhẹ, xoa dịu; (~ adapt): Sửa ñổi, thay ñổi The
software we use has been modified for us.
• modification
• unmodified

Monitor: Quan sát, theo dõi (sự thay ñổi)

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Network: Mạng lưới, hệ thống
A network of veins

Notion: Khái niệm, niệm, niềm tin, quan ñiểm

She had only a vague notion of what might happen.
Notion (that…) I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing.

Objective: Khách quan

I can’t be objective when I judge my daughter’s work.
• objectively
• objectivity

Orientation: Sự ñịnh hướng

He's very secretive about his political orientation.
orientation to/towards something Companies have been forced into a greater
orientation to the market.
• orient
• orientate
• reorient
• reorientation

Perspective: (~viewpoint) Quan ñiểm, góc nhìn nhận A

report that looks at the education system
Try to see the issue from a different perspective.
From the perspective of deaf peopleperspective on something His experience abroad
provides a wider perspective on the problem

Precise: (~exact) ðúng, chính xác

Precise details/instructions/measurements
Their calendars were more precise than the one we use today.
Can you give a more precise definition of the word?
• imprecise
• imprecisely
• imprecision
• precisely
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• precision

Prime: Quan trọng, thứ yếu, hàng ñầu

Winning is not the prime objective in this sport.
Psychology: Tâm lí học
• primacy

Psychology: Tâm lí học

• psychological
• psychologically
• psychologist

Pursue: Theo ñuổi, ñuổi bắt (ñeo bám)

To pursue a goal/an aim/an objective
The car was pursued by helicopters. (…máy bay trực thăng) She
wishes to pursue a medical career.
• pursuit
Ratio: Tỉ số, tỉ lệ
What is the ratio of men to women in the department?
The school has a very high teacher-student ratio.
The ratio of applications to available places currently stands at 100:1.

Reject: Từ chối, bác bỏ (+smb, smth)

The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
Please reject the following candidates…
The United States government rejected the proposal
.I applied to Cambridge University but I was rejected.
• rejection

Revenue: (~receipts) Khoản thu (từ thuế, từ kinh doanh…)

A shortfall in tax revenue
The company's annual revenues rose by 30%

Stable: Kiên ñịnh, kiên quyết, vững vàng This

ladder doesn't seem very stable.
The situation in the country has remained relatively stable for a few months now.
• instability
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• stability
• stabilization
• stabilize
• stably
• unstable

Style: Phong cách

I like your style (= I like the way you do things).
I'd have thought big cars were more his style (= what suited him).
• styling
• stylish
• stylishly
• stylishness
• stylization
• stylized

Substitute: Thay thế

Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.
The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.
The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.
Margarine can be used as a substitute for butter.
A substitute teacher
• substitution

Sustain: (~maintain ) Duy trì, bảo vệ

She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.
Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances.
The team may not be able to sustain this level of performance.
• sustainability
• sustainable
• sustainably
• sustenance
• unsustainable

Symbol: Kí hiệu
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.
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• symbolic
• symbolically
• symbolism
• symbolist
• symbolize

Target: Mục tiêu

Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
The university will reach its target of 5000 students next September.

Transit: Sự vận chuyển, di chuyển The

cost includes transit.
Goods damaged in transit
• transition
• transitional
• transitory

Trend: Phương hướng, khuynh hướng, xu hướng

There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement.
Current trends in language teaching You seem to
have set (= started) a new trend.

Version: Phiên bản

There are two versions of the game, a long one and a short one.
The latest version of the software package

Welfare: (~well-being) (~social security) Hạnh phúc, phúc lợi We

are concerned about the child's welfare.
A social welfare programme
Welfare provision/services/work
They would rather work than live on welfare.

Whereas: Nhưng trái lại (liên từ)

Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
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We thought she was arrogant, whereas in fact she was just very shy.
His parents were rich, whereas mine had to struggle.

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