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 JSP - EXCEPTION HANDLING
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/jsp/jsp_exception_handling.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com

When you are writing JSP code, a programmer may leave a coding errors which can occur at any
part of the code. You can have following type of errors in your JSP code:

Checked exceptions: Achecked exception is an exception that is typically a user error or a

problem that cannot be foreseen by the programmer. For example, if a file is to be opened,
but the file cannot be found, an exception occurs. These exceptions cannot simply be
ignored at the time of compilation.

Runtime exceptions: A runtime exception is an exception that occurs that probably could
have been avoided by the programmer. As opposed to checked exceptions, runtime
exceptions are ignored at the time of compliation.

Errors: These are not exceptions at all, but problems that arise beyond the control of the
user or the programmer. Errors are typically ignored in your code because you can rarely do
anything about an error. For example, if a stack overflow occurs, an error will arise. They are
also ignored at the time of compilation.

This tutorial will give you few simple and elegant ways to handle run time exception/error occuring
in your JSP code.

Using Exception Object:

The exception object is an instance of a subclass of Throwable e. g. , java. lang. NullPointerException and
is only available in error pages. Following is the list of important medthods available in the
Throwable class.

SN Methods with Description

1 public String getMessage

Returns a detailed message about the exception that has occurred. This message is
initialized in the Throwable constructor.

2 public Throwable getCause

Returns the cause of the exception as represented by a Throwable object.

3 public String toString

Returns the name of the class concatenated with the result of getMessage

4 public void printStackTrace

Prints the result of toString along with the stack trace to System.err, the error output
stream.

5 public StackTraceElement [] getStackTrace

Returns an array containing each element on the stack trace. The element at index 0
represents the top of the call stack, and the last element in the array represents the
method at the bottom of the call stack.

6 public Throwable fillInStackTrace

Fills the stack trace of this Throwable object with the current stack trace, adding to any
previous information in the stack trace.
JSP gives you an option to specify Error Page for each JSP. Whenever the page throws an exception,
the JSP container automatically invokes the error page.

Following is an example to specifiy an error page for a main.jsp. To set up an error page, use the
<%@ page errorPage="xxx" %> directive.

<%@ page errorPage="ShowError.jsp" %>

<html>
<head>
<title>Error Handling Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
// Throw an exception to invoke the error page
int x = 1;
if (x == 1)
{
throw new RuntimeException("Error condition!!!");
}
%>
</body>
</html>

Now you would have to write one Error Handling JSP ShowError.jsp, which is given below. Notice
that the error-handling page includes the directive <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>. This
directive causes the JSP compiler to generate the exception instance variable.

<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>

<html>
<head>
<title>Show Error Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Opps...</h1>
<p>Sorry, an error occurred.</p>
<p>Here is the exception stack trace: </p>
<pre>
<% exception.printStackTrace(response.getWriter()); %>
</pre>
</body>
</html>

Now try to access main.jsp, it should generate something as follows:

java.lang.RuntimeException: Error condition!!!

......

Opps...
Sorry, an error occurred.

Here is the exception stack trace:

Using JSTL tags for Error Page:

You can make use of JSTL tags to write an error page ShowError.jsp. This page has almost same
logic which we have used in above example, but it has better structure and it provides more
information:

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

<%@page isErrorPage="true" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Show Error Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Opps...</h1>
<table width="100%" border="1">
<tr valign="top">
<td width="40%"><b>Error:</b></td>
<td>${pageContext.exception}</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>URI:</b></td>
<td>${pageContext.errorData.requestURI}</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Status code:</b></td>
<td>${pageContext.errorData.statusCode}</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Stack trace:</b></td>
<td>
<c:forEach var="trace"
items="${pageContext.exception.stackTrace}">
<p>${trace}</p>
</c:forEach>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Now try to access main.jsp, it should generate something as follows:

OPPS...

Error: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error condition!!!

URI: /main.jsp

Status code: 500

Stack trace:

org.apache.jsp.main_jsp._jspService(main_jsp.java:65)

org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:68)

javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:722)

org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:265)

javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:722)

...................
Using Try...Catch Block:
If you want to handle errors with in the same page and want to take some action instead of firing
an error page, you can make use of try....catch block.

Following is a simple example which shows how to use try...catch block. Let us put following code in
main.jsp:

<html>
<head>
<title>Try...Catch Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
try{
int i = 1;
i = i / 0;
out.println("The answer is " + i);
}
catch (Exception e){
out.println("An exception occurred: " + e.getMessage());
}
%>
</body>
</html>

Now try to access main.jsp, it should generate something as follows:

An exception occurred: / by zero

Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js
 Connecting to Database in JSP
• All the web applications usually interact with different
types of databases. Databases are basically used to
store various types of information for different
purposes.
• JSP pages are looks like regular html pages with the
inclusion of dynamic behavior.
• JSP pages allows the developer to interact with database
by using JDBC code.
• By using Scriptlets, we can include database
programming (JDBC code) in JSP.
• The Architecture of accessing a database by using
JSP.
Web Browser
(IE,Chrome..)
Http Response
Requests in HTML

Tomcat Application
Server

JDBC
Requests Responses

Database
Fig: 3-tier Architecture
• For Database Connectivity we write the following code in jsp
page.
 Open Connectivity Code:
<%@page language=“java” import=“java.sql.*”%>
<%
// Load driver class file of Oracle
class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”);
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
// Load driver class file of MySql
class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”);
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
" jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TestDb",“root",“root");
%>
 Statement Code:
<%
// Create the statement
Statement stmt=conn.CreateStatement();
String query=“SELECT * from students”
stmt.executeQuery(query);
%>
 Close connectivity Code:
<%
// Close the Statement
stmt.close();
// Close the connection
conn.close();
%>
Example: Registration.html
<html >
<head> <title>Registration</title> </head>
<body>
<form action="reg.jsp" method="post">
Email :<input type="text" name="email" /><br/>
First name :<input type="text" name="fname" /><br/>
Last name :<input type="text" name="lname" /><br/>
User name :<input type="text" name="userid" /><br/>
password :<input type="password" name="pwd" /><br/>
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
reg.jsp
<%@ page import ="java.sql.*" %>
<%@ page import ="javax.sql.*" %>
<%
String user=request.getParameter("userid");
String pwd=request.getParameter("pwd");
String fname=request.getParameter("fname");
String lname=request.getParameter("lname");
String email=request.getParameter("email");
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","system");
Statement st= con.createStatement();
String query="insert into users values
('"+user+"','"+pwd+"','"+fname+"','"+lname+"','"+email+"')“;
st.executeUpdate(query);
st.close();
con.close();
out.println("registration successfull");
%>
Output: