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MATH235 Homework3

This document outlines Homework 3 for MATH 235, due on September 27, 2024. It includes various exercises related to number theory and group theory, such as properties of prime divisors, abelian groups, bijections, identity functions, and well-defined functions. Additionally, it references specific exercises from a textbook for further practice.

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1 views2 pages

MATH235 Homework3

This document outlines Homework 3 for MATH 235, due on September 27, 2024. It includes various exercises related to number theory and group theory, such as properties of prime divisors, abelian groups, bijections, identity functions, and well-defined functions. Additionally, it references specific exercises from a textbook for further practice.

Uploaded by

zxj200403
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 235 Homework 3: Friday September 27 at 11:59 pm Fall 2024

Exercise 1
Let p be a prime number. For n ∈ N, define

νp (n) = max {m ∈ Z, m ≥ 0 such that pm divides n} .

In other words, νp (n) is the maximal power of p that divides n. For example, ν5 (8) = 0, ν7 (14) = 1. Let
x, y ∈ N. Show the following:

1. νp (xy) = νp (x) + νp (y)

2. νp (x + y) ≥ min {νp (x), νp (y)}

3. Let a, b ∈ N be strictly bigger than 1.


Suppose that the prime numbers dividing a are p1 , . . . , pk and the prime numbers dividing b are
q1 , . . . , ql . Show that

k l
Y min{vpi (a),vpi (b)} Y min{vqj (a),vqj (b)}
pi = qj
i=1 j=1

Exercise 2
Let G be a group where x2 = x ◦ x = eG for all x ∈ G. Show that G is an abelian group.

Exercise 3
Let G be a group. Fix a ∈ G. Show that the function λa : G 7→ G, g 7→ ag is a bijection from G to G.

Exercise 4
Let n ≥ 3. Let σ ∈ Sn be such that στ = τ σ for all τ ∈ Sn . Show that σ is the identity function {1, . . . , n} .

Exercise 5
Let (G, ◦G ) and (H, ◦H ) be groups. Show that the cartesian product G × H equipped with the binary oper-
ation ◦ defined below is a group:

◦ : (G × H) × (G × H) 7→ (G × H),
(g1 , h1 ) ◦ (g2 , h2 ) = (g1 ◦G g2 , h1 ◦H h2 )

Exercise 6
Show that the following function f : Z/nZ 7→ Z, f ([x]n ) = gcd(x, n) is a well defined function.

1
MATH 235 Homework 3: Friday September 27 at 11:59 pm Fall 2024

Exercise 7
Let n ∈ N and a, b ∈ Z. Show that the equation ax ≡ b (mod n) has a solution if and only if gcd(a, n) divides
b.

Exercise 8
Judson Exercise 5.2 from a) to h).

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