Use of Multimedia
The chapter concerns the following;
The basics of digital graphics
Graphic size and compression
Graphic types
Basics related to graphic design
Fundamentals of animation
Geometric objects and shapes
Types of frames
Multimedia animation
Multimedia distribution
Audio recording
Multimedia editing
Audio/Video mixing towards animation
Terms used in digital graphics
Pixel
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When the size of the original graphic is changed the number of pixels changes too.
When no of pixels are increased – quality and size of graphic also increases
When no of pixels are decreased – quality and size of graphic also decreases
Bits and colours
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Number of bits = 2BPP
4 bits = 24 = 16
8 bits = 28 = 256
Bits per Pixel Function Number of colours
1 bpp (2)1 2
2 bpp (2)2 4
3 bpp (2)3 8
4 bpp (2)4 16
5 bpp (2)5 32
6 bpp (2)6 64
7 bpp (2)7 128
8 bpp (2)8 256
10 bpp (2)10 1024
16 bpp (2)16 65536
24 bpp (2)24 16777216 (16.7 million colours)
32 bpp (2)32 4294967296 colour (4294 million colours)
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To find the number of bits used in a pixel you can simply get the square root of number of colours.
Ex – 16 colours
= 𝟏𝟔 = 4 bits
Resolution
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This is the number of pixels in an image. This can be calculated through the following way,
Resolution = no of horizontal pixels * no of vertical pixels
The quality of pixels means the number of pixels per an inch (pixels per inch (ppi)/dots per inch(dpi)).
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Colour
Each pixel hold a colour. These pixels are dots in an image with colours and the collection of these
dots creates a digital graphic with multiple colours.
Did you know there are 16
Colour models
million recognizable colours.
RGB Model CMYK Model
(RED, GREEN, BLUE) (CYAN, MAGENTA, YELLOW
AND BLACK)
Uses – Display on TV and screens for printing
Colour mix-
Single colours = Primary colour (contains 256 colour variations)
Mix of 2 colours = Secondary colour
Mix of 3 colours = Tertiary colours
Graphic size and compression
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When the resolution and the colour combinations are high the quality of the graphic is high. yet the
size of the graphic will also increase making it difficult to store or transfer.
This is where the file compression comes in to play. There are two types of file compression tools,
1. Lossy compression – ...............................................................................................................
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2. Lossless compression – ...............................................................................................................
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Graphic types
There are two main graphic types,
1. Raster graphic
2. Vector graphic
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So when image is changed raster change the pixels and save it losing the original quality. But in
vector, changes are added as instructions to the original instructions of the image thus showing the
changes made; yet as the original instructions used to create the image are still there the quality will
not be lost.
Let’s compare the 2 types of graphical software
Criteria Raster graphic Vector graphic
Composition (creation) Composed of lines and paths
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File record No record
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Quality of graphic Change of file size doesn’t
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For high quality creations
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scalability scalability depends on the
size of the pixels(resolution) ..............................................
Colours Difficult to get rich colour
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File size
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creating Need less memory Need more memory
Software used Adobe Image Ready, Adobe Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Live
Photoshop, ProArtRage, Motion, Corel Paint Shop Pro,
GIMP shop, Microsoft Photo Adobe Fireworks, Microsoft
Editor Expression Design, DrawPlus,
Xara Photo & Graphic
Designer, CorelDRAW
File formats BMP, TIF, GIF, JPG SVG, EPS, PDF, AI, DXF
1. GIMP for Graphic Designing
Gimp is a free graphic designing software originally created for open source operating systems.
The main toolbox Brushes/Patterns/Gradients
GIMP 2.10
Tool options Image window Layers, Channels, Paths
Main toolbox – the primary tools used in editing
Tool options – allows to customize the tool currently selected
Layers, channels and paths – these are other windows (tabs) which shows other layers user is
working on.
Image window –this shows the graphic now being created. It’s possible to break the single
window in to several windows and show separately.
Brushes/Patterns/Gradients – helps to design and add colour to the graphic.
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Tools used in GIMP 2.10
Icon Name of the tool Shourtcut Description
Selection tools
Rectangle R Selects the required area
Ellipse E Selects the required area as a
circular or elliptical region
Free (Lasso) F Draws free-form selections
Fuzzy (Magic U Selects areas on color similarity
Wand)
By Colour Shift + O Selects all instances of a colour in a graphic.
Scissors I used to cut shapes
Foreground - Selects a region containing
foreground objects.
Brush Tools
Bucket Fill Shift + B Fills an area with a colour or a
pattern.
Blend L Fill the selected area with a gradient blend
(Gradient)
Pencil N Paints hard-edged lines; that is, the pixels
are not anti- aliased.
Paintbrush P Paints soft-or fuzzy-edged lines; that is,
the pixels are anti-aliased and or
feathered.
Eraser Shift + E Erases pixels from a layer.
Airbrush A Paint tool with variable pressure to spray
clours on a graphic.
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Ink K Adds colour to a graphic, like the
paintbrush Quick movement of mouse
minimizes the size of brush. Slow
movement makes its vice versa.
Clone C Copy pixels from one part of a graphic to
another.
Heal H Resolve image irregularities removing
unnecessary colours and spots.
Perspective Clone - Clones from an image source after
applying perspective transformation.
Convolve Shift + U Blurs or sharpens an image.
(Blur/Sharpen)
Smudge S Dampens graphic.
Dodge/Burn Shift + D Lightens or darkens an image’s shadows,
mid tones, or highlights.
Transform Tools
Move M To shift or move a selection
Align Q To align or arrange layers or objects
Crop Shift + C Crops or clips the image
Rotate Shift + R Rotates the active layer, selection
or path.
Scale Shift + T Scales the active layer, selection or
path
Shear Shift + S Shifts part of the image in some
direction.
Perspective Shift + P Changes the perspective of the
active layer, selection or path
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Other Tools
Path B Allows selecting and modifying
paths
Colour Picker O Selects the colour of any image
opened on your screen.
Magnify (Zoom) Z Alters the zoom level of the image
Measure Shift + M Shows distances and angles
Text M Places text into the image.
2. Two – dimensional animation
Animation is an optical illusion where a series of frames of an object are organized in a sequence,
then these frames are shown one by one looking like the object moves. Higher the number of frames
and speed of transition between frames increase the quality of animation
Introductions to animation
Frames
In animations there are 2 types of frames.
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In an animation or motion of 24 frames the one in the beginning and end are key frames and the
other 22 frames in between are Tween frames.
Blank frames: these are blank frames added to animation. These can be later filled with content.
Audio editing
We can use audio editing software to edit recorded sounds and voices. Following are some of the
popular audio editing software.
Audacity ● Power Sound Editor
WavePad Sound Editor ● MP3 Direct Cut
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Audacity
This is a free video editing software which also has the ability to record audio on multiple layers.
Click here to download Audacity :- https://www.audacityteam.org/download/
Functions of Audacity,
1. Can record music playing on your computer
2. Can record live audio
3. Can add sound effects to audio
4. Change file format
5. Can perform editing functions such as copy, trim, speed control and mix tracks
Interface of Audacity
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1. Menu Bar
2. Transport Toolbar
3. Tools Toolbar
4. Recording Meter Toolbar
5. Playback Meter Toolbar
6. Mixer Toolbar
7. Edit Toolbar
8. Transcription Toolbar
9. Device Toolbar
10. Timeline
11. Track Control Panel
12. Audio Track
13. Selection Toolbar
14. Status Bar
Getting to know Audacity
To open new project – File New
Saving – File Save (give location)
Export audio – File Export Audio Select location and file format Save
Video Editing
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Following are some best tools for the purpose
1. Adobe premiere pro
2. PhotoBucket
3. YouTube Remixer
4. Movie masher
5. Windows movie maker
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Windows Movie Maker
Windows Movie Maker is a free video editing software by Microsoft Co-operation. This is currently
discontinued and replaced by “Microsoft story remix”.
Click here to download Windows Movie Maker :-
https://windows-movie-maker.en.softonic.com/
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1. Player/Preview pane- can play imported videos and pictures as well as created video
before saving them.
2. Editing function pane – all the tools for editing videos, pictures and audio tracks are
contained here.
3. Timeline stage – all the video clips and sound tracks images to be edited is shown in
here. This is much clearer than a time frame.
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