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The document contains a series of statistical questions and problems related to probability, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals. It includes definitions of Type I and Type II errors, advantages of normal distribution, and various statistical tests for different scenarios. The document is structured into sections with multiple-choice questions and calculations involving random variables and distributions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views16 pagesStatistical Path 2
The document contains a series of statistical questions and problems related to probability, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals. It includes definitions of Type I and Type II errors, advantages of normal distribution, and various statistical tests for different scenarios. The document is structured into sections with multiple-choice questions and calculations involving random variables and distributions.
Uploaded by
papaghee4Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 16
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So iapectep grat: wh a AN
8A toys Gy OE 2. tal
TOU Otay py etch es ayy
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10. TA) B}(c}. sD} EE a
1 tA) BB) tq) CEE 26. . {A}
12, [ay [B] () (0) EE 27. {A]
3. {Al BR) tc) DED 26. [A]
4. (A) BL cD] EE} 29, [A]
1S. fA} (B). (Cc) (DEES 30. [A]
SECTION A
ANSWER only one of Questions (1) or (II) in this section.
De .@) A continuous random variable X has the density function defied by
; ext 05x
(x) =
9 otherwise
Find (i) the constant c, (ii) P(T £X< 2).
{b), Find the distridution function’ for X.
an (a) (i) Give three advantages of a normal dist-ibution.
(li) Find the area under the normal curve between z = 0.8 ina pct
" (b) The probability that an individual will suffer a bad teaction from j 94
a chloroquine serum is. rise determine the probability that ottar. Tone of
individuals ; ites had 0
(i). exactly. ‘ive wile a reaction,
_Gi) at most five will suffer a bad reaction. CK =e
ECU Ee
sep tee re a Re SECTION B
“WER: All Questions in this section on the sheet provided on page one,
1. Type Lerroris defined as :
(2) the error of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when itis true
{*) *he error of accepting the null hypothesis when itis trae
serine cto: of reecting the null hypothesis when it is tre
“(d) aceptinig neither the null hor the alternative hypothesis
() rejecting the null und the alternative hypothesis
2. Type Il error is defined us
@ the’error of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it
eepting the alternative hypothesis when itis false
{the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when itis ave
{Q accepting neither the null nor the altemative hypothesis
(©) rejecting the inull and the’alternaitve hypothesis
¢ 87) tons ad aeons respectively. Test the hypothesis that
laity Yield ofthe chemical is <8 tthe alternative hypothesis that is either
{ess than or greater than 880 tons per day at 3% level of significance. (Z, 5,
(a) We accept the null hypothesis that ‘= 880 tons
B2-We reject the null hypothesis that = 880 tons
(6) We reject the alternative hypothesis that H # 880 tons
(4) We reject neither the null hypothesis
(©) We accept both the null hypothesis a
‘4 The mean age of eersin primary school pupils 89 2ears. A random sample of 12 Children gave the following
Heit tee 10:8. 8.7.8, 10,13. 12.148.9. 1 and ih ‘his consistent withthe sigied mean age at 1%
Significance level?
(ool) = 3.106]
(a) No itis not
(b) It cannot be inferred from the sample,
(©) The mean age is 10 years
(4) The mean age is not obtainable
(©) Yes itis
Whether the mean age is 9 years
Use the following information to answer question 5» 8:
Fis the sample mean
s* isthe sample variance
@” is the population variance
Whisk of the following gives the appropriate test statistic used ir testing the Population proportion? AG
rg Eaten oy, Eom (9 z2-ZAn * vn Bs
5
ne Sod
we
& Were loin ahs prog ta tine eppnn OR
hove 5
of a
WZ= @ x Gap
> |PoMe, %
7; 8 the population mean? then which ofthe following gives the appropriate test
MVP Oy zn Bae oo) 2 -l0-dt
; ©)
2 C7
‘ 5 [pen
8. Approximately one in ‘ten smokers favors cigarette brand A. After a promotional campaign in a given sales
caning fample oF 200 cigarette smokers were interviewed to determine the effectiveness ofthe campaign. The
Tamlenahgfurvey showed that a otal of 26 people expressed a preference fr brand A. Do these data preset
sufficient ev
1 to indicate an increase in the acceptance of brand A in the region at 5% significance level?
[255 = 1.645]
{@) No it does not
(b) Yes it does OP Ao
{€) We cannot infer whether there is increas inthe acceptance of cigarette
brand A, i) ty
(d) The data indicated there is both increase and decrease in the acceptance of
Cigarette brand A
(©) there is no appropriate test statistic that can be used for the problem
“A
Independent random samples of n~ 80 and n;= 80 were randomly selected from
populations | and 2, respectively. The population parameters and the sample means and variances are shown
below
Population
T z
Popilation Mean H Ms
Population Variance oF oF
‘Sample Size n= 80. = 80
‘Sample Mean Ra 16 = 9.7
‘Sample Variance s=279 522384
I your research objective isto show that jis larger than ji. The appropriate null and altemative hypotheses are
(a) Hy igh Hy" Oand Hy: Hy #0
Nee
(b) Hy ia — 2-0 aid Hy 24 —p, <0 4 =
AH fy Hy O.and Hy Hy Hy >0 < ' oy Hh
(@) Hy tay Hy Oand Hy, #4, — fy >0 ‘ ty
fe) Hy: pH, 2 Oand Hy =f, Hy 20
Cooney ee 3B by Oy
ethane tein cl vc ht pile a queton 9k
: ¥, 5, x-%
= () Z=
E
ic w ely Lib Spulon w anor quenton 1-1:
Fie snpie wean
s? is the sample variance 7
‘hese
B is the sample proportion
Coed
9” is the population variance
hy i mean is
11. 1fwe havea large sample and known variance:the100(1—a}% confidence interval for tbe mean
ae ca? eta?
aaa Ik :
FEED WM F247 © ts 7
7-94)
poe
() psZyy 5 (Ft2y 12, THiwe have a small sample and unknown variance the 100(1 ~@)% confidence interval for the mean is
3 —1)s? in-1)s?
cay (ne 225 COME cot Oe
vn
@ ps2, [Ba
13. The 100(1~@)% confidence interval for varianais
(n=l)? (nts?
7 =4) can equally be expressed as
(a) 1-P(X<=3) (b). P(X>4)_ (©) 1-P(X<3) (4) PO>=4)
12. A researcher states the null and the alternative hypothesis as: #7, 120 vs. 1: u/20.This st
the alternative hypothesis is a
(@) 2-+tail test (B) 1-tail test(C) both 2-tail and 1-tail test (D) neither 2-tail /
nor 1-tail test
13. The null and the Alternative hypothesis arc said to be
(a) Mutually inclusive (b) Independent (c) Mutually exclusive (d) Both Independent and »
inclusive
14. A researcher accepted a true alternative hypothesis, this statement equally means that
(a) The researcher accepted a null hypothesis when it is true
(b) The researcher conimitted a type Il error
(©) The researcher rejected a null hypothesis when it is false
(a) The researcher committed a type I error
15. Which of the following relationship between Event, Sample Space and Sample Point is truc?
(a) Event ¢ Sample Pointc Sample Space
(b) Sample Space ¢ Sample Point ¢ Event
(c) Sample Pointe Event ¢ Sample Space
(d) Sample Point ¢ Sample Space ¢ Event
16. Ifan experiment involves the arrival of students to the exam venue in an interval of time and the
of these intervals are’idependent. What kind of distributior, can be use to properly address this
problem?
(a) Binomial distribution (6) Normal distribuition (c) Poisson distribution (d) Binomial and Norm
distribution:
17. ‘The mean of normal random variable X is 2, with a standard deviation of 0.8,The probability thi
greater than 2.8 is
fa) 0.950 (b) + 10.0725 (c) 0.1587 (d) 0.1954
{8, From (17) aboye, the probability that X is between 2.8 and 3.8 is
(a), 0.5101 (b) 0.3465 (c) 0.1862 (d) 0.14565
a 19. The table below shows the performance of students across 3 departments in 4 differen, '
ABU Zaria.
Performance
Ne Department | Stat261 Mathi05 Gens201_Gensl01_ |
Z Pharmacy | 27 50 80 40
; Urp 70 37 18 50
4 Computing | 60 Q 65 Sareea
o Hose
1
Does this indicates that their performance depend on their departments at 5% level of significance
(a) Yes_(b)No (c) not sure (d) some times
Zaria shows that 70 of them owned Dell Product
Population of those using Dell products in the schoo! is
(b) (.667, 2.91) :
(©) (-11.43, 6.75) (d) (0.0, *.0)
“Sst Was conducted for 200 level studenis.40, and 60 are respectively the ‘ami
Soys and girls that sat for the test. The we of 52 with a standard devia.ion oF ¢
i “ile he girls made an ation of 4 The 95% confidence. inter
® confidence interval for the
¢ _{) (0.06286, 0,790)
boys made an avera
average of 68 with a standard devi
(a) (5.67, 10.31) (®) (13.89, 18.12) (©) 67.23,0.5) @) (10,19) \
22.-A set of statistical estimation technique by which valid inferences are make and valid concl hy
Aravn about unknown parameters ofa population is often referel as
(a) Hypothesis Testing (_B). Vital Statistics
3. A statement about population
sample evidence whether the
{@) Population statistics
‘d) statistical hypothesié Fa
\.A numerical measuye that is calculated from a sample is called f
(statistic (b) statistics (c) numerical statistics (@)somple space
A statistic used to estimate a population parameter is called
a) A population.estimates _(b). an estimator
(©) population statistics % \
4) statistical mean z
In Confidence interval for the difference between f
b Iwo population means,
are used in place of the population variances when we have
1) Large samples and unknown variances
») large samples and known variances (c) small samples and known variances
') small samples and unknown variances
\
"arvey \
perimenta
population census
Pooled samples variances
Ban attempt by a student to state the null and the altemative hypothesis in stat 261 exams, he
|) sistakenly writes: 4: 4-70 vs. Hy: #70, the correct sta.eme
nt he should write is
‘Hy: w=70-vs. Hy: #70 (b) Hy: w=70 vs. Hy: yx70
|) My@=70 vs. Hy: 270 (d) Hy t=70 vs. Hy: p70
j
j
\
«pe I error is defined as
he error of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true
he error of accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false
« error of réjecting the null hypothesis when it is true
her the ill nor the alternative hypothesis / 29. Tye lettor is defined ag
30. Suppose we have the following:
is the sample mean 1 js the given Population mean
8° is the sample variance
nee
agtge te: fee ees
© is the given population variance
: Po is the population proportion % =1- py
P is the sample Proportion
o 1s the population Varia
nis the sample size
Suppose we have a large sample and unknown variance,
: which of the following gives the approp
Statistic used for hypothesis testing about the population mean?
(a)
Hon Ew gg
o
31. Suppose we have two populations and the following:
Nis the sample mean for the first population; %, is the sample mean for the second population
@;.' is the variance of the second population
nm, is the sample size of the second population
is the variance of the first population;
1, is the sample size of the first population;
i is the variance of the first Population; 5} is the variance of the second population
| lest statistics used for testing hypothesis about the difference
of two population means when the two 51
sare small and their variances are unknown
alt= poet) ) 7-7 AB z=
i idee ln TA
|
(:
1 32. If we have a large sample and known yariance, the100(1—a@)% confidence interval for the meat
> 2
n=l)s n=l).
|) E81) ) Fizy-+ co ) ape nals 782.5
nd | an i" n ys, ae (94) in
vba
qui f ;
ty 33: If'we have a small sample and unknown variance the 100(1—a)% confidence interval for the +
om is
n=l)? n=1)s?
fF (mL ay eez, 2 wy CO! oe
( Yam YF KT © as a
% (-#)
+ i f lation varian
34. eee eter : nals 4 hc
: w SO (gy eI CO te mri
) Ft (91) Feb) FAZy re) 3G) Bag)
s ing ai valuc of
35. If Z isa standard normal variable, which of the following gives the value
P(OSZ<1) [6(0)= 0.500,4(1) = 0.8413]
(a) 0.500 (b) 0.8413 (c) -0.3413 (d) 0.3413
36. The blood test of 400 person gave the following result
Total
Is this consistent with the genetic law of
os (3)= 7.814] ’
' (a) No it is not consistent with the genetic law
(0) Yes it is consistent with the genetic law
(©) Itis both consistent and inconsistent with the genetic law
(d) There is no statistical technique that can be used to answer such a question
O: A: B: AB with the ratio 9; 3: 3: 1 in a populatior
37. A comparison of the wearing quality of two types of automobile tires was obtained
samples of 1», =n, = 100 tires for each type. The number of miles until wear-out was
wear-out was defined as specific amount of tire wear. The lest results were as follows:
26 400 miles, ¥, = 25 100 miles;
5; = 1440 000, s? = 1 960 000
Estimate the difference in mean time to wear-out using a 95 percent confidence
interval.[ Zjo4=1.96]
(a) 0,081 + 0.425 miles (b) 1300 + 361 miles (c) It is not obtainable
(d) 0.081 + 0.425 miles
Use the following information to answer question 38 - 39: -
‘manufacturer of gunpowder has developed a new powder that is designed to produce a nm
‘0 £000 feet per second. Eight shells are loaded with the charge and the muzzle velocities are soc
resulting velocities are shown in the table below:
Muzzle Velocity (Isec)
f ie 3005 2995
2925 3005
2935 2935. |
2965 2905 +a TICS
38. Do the data present sufficie;
nt evidence to indicate the Velocity differs from the
3000 feet per second at 5%
level of significance? [e025 (7) = 2.365]
(a) No the data does not
Present sufficient information 4
3000 ft/sec, *
(b) It cannot be inferred from the dat:
velocity differs from 3000 ft/sec
(c) Yes the data Present sufficient in
velocity differs from 3000 ft/sec,
(d) the average velocity is not obtainable
(0 indicate the average velocity diffe
‘a, whether the average
or not.
formation to indicate the average
39. A 95% confidence interval for the mean for the above information is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2958.75 + 32.82 (d) 32.824 2958.75
40. Ifa coin is tossed twice, the sample size is: :
(a){ HH, HT ,TT} (b){HH, HT,TH,T} (c){ HH, HT; TH}
(d) {HH, HT,TH,TT} : erie the f the tosses
1 A fair coin is to be tossed 8 times. What is the probability that more 2
will result in tails than will result in heads?
Heaeeiey ose 3)
ato to ZO GO xe
i ci f means ©:
2. Using the usual notation from the notes. the confidence interval for the difference ofm
two.independent population with small sample and unknown variance is o
J 4
2 Is / Sy
(-H)LG (4th “ay dnt /n
(i -¥)t0, (4 +m —2)s;,
(@
(©) 3
3. A samfling is said to be probability sampling when it satisfies
“ (a) Sampling theory (b) Systematic and random theory _ (c) Probability theory
(d) General sampling theory (e) intermediate sampling theory
Both Simple random and Systematic sampling involve some elements of
n,
(ce) none of the above
4.
(a) Random selection (b) stratified sampling (c) Systematic sampling
{d) Both stratified and systematic (e) Non-probability sampling
‘coin is tossed 5 times, the total number of possible outcomes is
(ay 32 (by 8 (4 (a2 (c) 16
All the following are properties of Normal distribution except
wit is belleshaned
(b)lts mean, median, and mode are equal
(c)The area under the curve and above the horizontal axis is equal to |
(d)It is completely described by its mean jt only
(e)It has only 2 parameters(j.and )
7. Type I error is defined as
‘a. the error of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true
b. the error of accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false
c. the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
d. accepting heither the null nor the alternative hypothesis
e. ;ejecting the null and the alternative hypothesis
8, The table below shows the performance of students across 3 departments in 4 different
modules in ABU Zaria.
: Performance cS
{Department | Stai261 Mathl05_Gens201
50 80
37.
42 Does this indicates that
Content of 50,
weight of his sample is 2.
manufacturers claim that
deviation=1g. Can Umar
5% level of significant?
(a) Yes because ihe value of z = -2.12 is less than Zi
(b) Yes because the value of z
‘oni their perf
significance? [224(6)= 125916, formance
me
1.91 is less than 7,
(a) yes (b ;
pee Bue NO (c) not sure ( d) some times (e) a conclusion cannot be made
‘ore packets of crisps and finds that the mean
4.7g.The weight stated on the packet is 25g and the
the weights are normally distributed with standard
Justifiably complain that these packets are under weight at
1.645
-1.645
(c) No because the value of z = -3.06 is greater than 7 , = -1.96
(d) No because the value of 2=2.01 is less than Z , =1.645
(e) Yes because the value of z=1.28 is greater than Z 71-96
10. The basis of argument in the qi
25 vs FT: n#25e (b) AY y:h=25e vs FY, w>25e
(@) H
Juestion above is
(c) Hy :u-24-7e vs HY: n¥24.72 (d) FY, =25e vs FY: w<252
(e) Hye 247evs H 2 0e252
11. Independent random samples of n, = 80 and n= 80 were randomly selected from
; populations 1 and 2, respectively. The population parameters and the sample means az: !
Population za
ee 1 2 Se
| Population Mean h
Population Variance oF % 2
"Sample Size SS n=
ample Mean
Sample Variance
Ss
f your research objective is
alternative hypotheses are
(a) Hy fa, = y=
(e) Hy 1 de
and H,:44-1, #0
and H,:4,-1, >0
to show that y4,is larger than ,. The appropriate null and
(b) Hy
(©) Hy:44,—p,2 Oand Hy: 4,-4,'>0
~ph=Oand H,:4,-H, <0
(A) Hy 2s —H,> O and Hy: 4-H, >0 [2 socks be randomly selce
Low socks, 12 socks are to
> awer 2 . 4 red. and 2 yel oA
12. A drawer contains 2 blue y see he semis EO}ONE
fiom the drawer. what is the probability that the}
PUP eyes a ele :
ws (bz ©) 5 Gz ©)5
13. If two coins are tossed at a time. the sample sizc is:
(a)}HELHETT} (b){HH.HT.TH.T} (o){ HH. HTH}
(d) {H.MT.THTT} #) {HH,HT.TH,IT}
14, All the following are examples of non-probability sampling except
(a) Homogeneous sampling (b) Stratified purposeful sampling (c) Snow ball
sanipling (d) Systematic sampling (c) Criterion sampling
15. Ifa coin is tossed 3 times and we are interested in the number of tails (T). then the
random variable X in this experiment is
(ay X:0.1,2.3. (b) X:1,2,3 (c) X:2.3.4 (d) X21,2.3,
16, 1a coin is tossed 3 times, the probability of getting at le
{ay 7/8 (b)3/8, (c) 2/7 (d) 1/8
of some secondary school students were given as follows: 16.4. 16.1. 15.8.
0, 16.1, 15.9, 15.8, 16.9, 15.2, and 16.0, A 99% confidence interval for the
variance of such students’ ages is
oe % rf tere een
(a) oe 1.735) (b) (1.735, 23.589) ©) Ge) OG se)
(e) (SA5y 1-735) [dns 9)= 23-589, 7459) 1.735]
18. Ifa coin is tossed 3 times, the probability of getting 3 tails (T) is
(a) 5/8 (b) 3/5 (17 (4) 1/8 (c) 3/7
19, Let
that {re distance between x and y is less than ; is
dea Baia
Bees: (b)g atc) > (d)Z (eb,
20. Sampling is
b._ is a set of statistical estimation techniques by which the population is destroved
c. is a set of statistical estimation techniques by which we make valid inference
draw. valid conclusions about unknown population parameters
the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
the error of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true
is a set of statistical estimation techniques by which we make invalid
inferences and draw invalid conclusions about unknown population
parameters
21. If Zis a standard normal variable. which of the following gives the vaiue of
P(OSZ S05) 4(9) = 0,500,6(0.5) = 0.6915}
x and y be uniformly distributed, independent random variables on {0. 1]. The probahil
(a) 0.500 (b) 0.8413 (c) -0.3413 (d) 1.3413 (c) 0.1915
32. Using the usual notation from the notes, ine appropriate test statistic for investigating
the dependency of attributes, in a contingency table, is (a) x “SE(Sea) (b) Payne
S3l tc ee i!
experiment was ¢
‘onducted to compare th f
1e mean: o
¢ data are as shown below : oe
(a) (d) ye
=a
B.A paired-difference
populations. Th
Do the data provide sufficient evide
& = 0.05| to.o25(4) = 2.776]
(a) No the data does not provide sufficient evidence to indicate that 1, differs trom
(b) It canngt be inferred from the data, whether z; differs from pi
(c) The provide sufficient evidence to indicate that 4, both differs from and e«
10 Me
(d) Yes the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that , differs from uy
(e) There is no appropriate test statistic that can be used for the problem
24. Using the usual notation from the notes, the appropriate test statistic that can be used for the
problem in question 8 is
nce to indicate that ly differs from p2? Test us
(a)
Vn im ime /'N
25. The probability of getting 2 tails (T) and Ihead (H) is
(a) 3/8 (b) 4/7 (c)S/7 (d) 0 (c) 5/8
26. The probability of getting 4 tails (T) is
(a) 3/8 (b) 4/5 (c)5/7 (a) 0 (c) 5/8
27 Using the usual notation from the notes, the probability of committing a type | error cai
always be reduced by adjusting
(a)a(b) 6 (c)z-statistic (d) critical value(s) (c) t-statistic
28.Which of the following relationships is true about Sample point, Event, and a Sample
(a) Sample Pointe Sample Space c Event
(b) Sample Pointe Event ¢ Sample Space
(c) Sample Pointe Event < Sample Space
(a) Sample Pointe Event € Sample Space
(e) Sample Point Event ¢ Sample Space i pi tie
29. When a coin is tossed twice. one possible event in the experiment that is not the
sample space is ce i
(a){HH. AT. TH, TTH) (6) {HHH} (c) (HTH) (d) (THT) (e) (HT. TH. TTY
30, Type Lerror is defined as =~ a
(a) the error of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true )
(b) the error of accepting the null hypothesis when it is truc WK +
(e) the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when itis true el
(<1) accepting neither the null nor the alternative hypothesis wee
cjecting the null and the alternative hypothesis ale Ny
‘geney table is,a table with cells which correspond to cross-tabulation OFT
(a) altributes (by gender and grade (c) departments and mathematical ability
(d) age and mathematical ability (¢) sickness and type of drinking water
32. All the following are properties of Poisson distribution except
2 (a) There is proportionality in the probability of an event occurring to the lenuth \%
the interval.
(b) The probability of 2 or more events occurring within a small interval is nevlie
(c) The mean rates of occurrence over some intervals are independent of each oth
(d) It assumes discrete values
(e) Ithas 3 parameters
33. Using the usual notation from the notes, the appropriate test statistic for investigating
the goodness of fit test is
34.Using the usual notation from the notes, an inerease in the sample size will re¢uce
(a) aand f simultaneously (b) a (c) Bonly (d) a .but increases B (e) f .but incr
35. Ifa sample is large. ‘ i
(a) The sample error is small (b) The sampling errors large
(c) The sampling error equals the size of sample (d) ‘The sampling error equals {ii
the sample (e) The sampling error is 10 times the sample
36. In saripling, sampling error exist within eas
(a) Large sample only (b) Small sample only (c) Both large and small sample
(d) Intermediate sample (e) General sample
37. In hy pothesis testing and with the usual notation from the notes, an increase in u resu!
decrease in
(a) statistics
