HCIP-IERS Chapter 2 OSPF Features and Configurations

Chapter 1 OSPF Features and Configurations

Lab 1-1 Single-Area OSPF

Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand how to perform the following
operations:

 How to configure single-area OSPF

 How to configure OSPF authentication
 How to establish neighbor relationships on multi-access networks
 How to use OSPF to advertise the subnet mask of the network to which
the loopback interface connects
 How to change cost values for OSPF interfaces
 How to configure an interface as a silent interface
 How to view OSPF status using the display command
 How to view OSPF neighbor relationships and troubleshoot faults using
the debug command

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Topology

Figure 1-1 Single-area OSPF

Scenario

Assume that you are a network administrator of a company that has three ARG3
routers. These routers are interconnected over the Ethernet. A broadcast
multi-access network, such as Ethernet, has security threats. Therefore, OSPF area
authentication is required to prevent malicious route attacks. A network connectivity
failure occurs during network deployment. You can run the display and debug
commands for fault location.

Tasks

Step 1 Perform basic configurations and configure IP addresses.

Configure IP addresses and masks for R1, R2, and R3. Set a 24-bit mask for loopback
interfaces to simulate an independent network segment.

<R1>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

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[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24

[R1-LoopBack0]quit

<R2>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24

[R2-LoopBack0]quit

<R3>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0]quit

Verify the connectivity between routers.

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.123.2

PING 10.0.123.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

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Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms

--- 10.0.123.2 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.123.3

PING 10.0.123.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms

--- 10.0.123.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

[R2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.3

PING 10.0.123.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms

--- 10.0.123.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

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Step 2 Configure single-area OSPF.

Configure single-area OSPF and deploy all routers in area 0. Configure OSPF process
1. In addition, configure area authentication and set the password to huawei. In an
OSPF area, Huawei devices support plain text or MD5 authentication. Plain text
authentication is used for this step.

Set the wildcard subnet mask to 0.0.0.0 when you use the network command. To
ensure the stability of Router IDs, they are usually specified manually as.

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]area 0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.123.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode simple plain huawei

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R1-ospf-1]quit

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.123.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode simple plain huawei

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R2-ospf-1]quit

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.123.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode simple plain huawei

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[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R3-ospf-1]quit

View the routing tables and test the connectivity of the entire network.

View the routing table of R1.

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

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The command output shows that R1 learns two routes from OSPF: 10.0.2.2/32 and
10.0.3.3/32. The next hops of the two routes are 10.0.123.2 and 10.0.123.3
respectively.

Verify the connectivity from R1 to loopback interface addresses of R2 and R3.

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.2.2

PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=3 ms

--- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/3 ms

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.3.3

PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms

--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

Run the display ospf brief command to view basic OSPF information on R1.

[R1]display ospf brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

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OSPF Protocol Information

RouterID: 10.0.1.1 Border Router:

Multi-VPN-Instance is not enabled

Global DS-TE Mode: Non-Standard IETF Mode

Graceful-restart capability: disabled

Helper support capability : not configured

Applications Supported: MPLS Traffic-Engineering

Spf-schedule-interval: max 10000ms, start 500ms, hold 1000ms

Default ASE parameters: Metric: 1 Tag: 1 Type: 2

Route Preference: 10

ASE Route Preference: 150

SPF Computation Count: 9

RFC 1583 Compatible

Retransmission limitation is disabled

Area Count: 1 Nssa Area Count: 0

ExChange/Loading Neighbors: 0

Process total up interface count: 2

Process valid up interface count: 1

Area: 0.0.0.0 (MPLS TE not enabled)

Authtype: Simple Area flag: Normal

SPF scheduled Count: 9

ExChange/Loading Neighbors: 0

Router ID conflict state: Normal

Area interface up count: 2

Interface: 10.0.1.1 (LoopBack0)

Cost: 0 State: P-2-P Type: P2P MTU: 1500

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Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

Interface: 10.0.123.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)

Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500

Priority: 1

Designated Router: 10.0.123.1

Backup Designated Router: 10.0.123.2

Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

The preceding command output Authtype: Simple shows that plaintext

authentication is enabled in Area 0. OSPF runs on two interfaces:
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 and Loopback0. The network type of GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is
broadcast, cost is 1, and priority is 1. DR is R1, and BDR is 10.0.123.2. The network
type of another OSPF-enabled Loopback 0 is P2P.

Run the display ospf peer brief command on R1 to check information about OSPF
neighbor relationships between the routers.

[R1]display ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Peer Statistic Information

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Area Id Interface Neighbor id State

0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.2.2 Full

0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.3.3 Full

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Peer(s): 2

The preceding command output shows that R1 has two neighbors in Area 0.0.0.0,
their router IDs are 10.0.2.2 and 10.0.3.3 respectively, and their OSPF neighbor
relationships are in Full state.

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Run the display ospf lsdb command on R1 to check OSPF LSDB information.

[R1]display ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.0

Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric

Router 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3 1569 48 80000005 0

Router 10.0.2.2 10.0.2.2 1568 48 80000006 0

Router 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 1567 48 80000008 0

Network 10.0.123.110.0.1.1 1567 36 80000004 0

The preceding command output shows that the LSDB contains four LSAs, the first
three of which are Type 1 LSAs generated by R1, R2, and R3 respectively. You can
check the AdvRouter field to determine which router generates an LSA. The fourth
LSA is a Type 2 LSA, which is generated by a DR of a network segment. Because R1 is
the DR of the network segment 10.0.123.0/24, you can see that the AdvRouter field
of this LSA is 10.0.1.1.

[R1]display ospf lsdb router self-originate

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Area: 0.0.0.0

Link State Database

Type : Router

Ls id : 10.0.1.1

Adv rtr : 10.0.1.1

Ls age : 430

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Len : 48

Options : E

seq# : 80000009

chksum : 0x8188

Link count: 2

* Link ID: 10.0.1.1

Data : 255.255.255.255

Link Type: StubNet

Metric : 0

Priority : Medium

* Link ID : 10.0.123.1

Data : 10.0.123.1

Link Type: TransNet

Metric :1

The preceding command output shows detailed information about the Router LSA
generated by R1. This LSA describes two networks. The first network is the network
segment where the loopback interface resides. The Link Type field displays StubNet,
and Link ID and Data fields indicate the IP address and mask of this stub network
segment. The second network is the network segment that connects the three
routers. The Link Type displays TransNet, the Link ID field displays 10.0.123.1, which
is the interface address of the DR, and the Data field displays 10.0.123.1, which is the
local interface address on the network segment.

[R1]display ospf lsdb network self-originate

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Area: 0.0.0.0

Link State Database

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Type : Network

Ls id : 10.0.123.1

Adv rtr : 10.0.1.1

Ls age : 1662

Len : 36

Options : E

seq# : 80000005

chksum : 0x3d58

Net mask : 255.255.255.0

Priority : Low

Attached Router 10.0.1.1

Attached Router 10.0.2.2

Attached Router 10.0.3.3

The preceding command output shows detailed information about the Network LSA
generated by R1. This Type 2 LSA describes neighbor information on the network
segment where the DR resides.

Step 3 Observe the OSPF neighbor relationship establishment

process on the routers.

Check DR and BDR election on the network segment 10.0.123.0/24 and analyze
whether the results of tests performed by different candidates are the same.
According to the following command output, the interface IP address of the DR on
this network segment is 10.0.123.1, and that of the BDR on this network segment is
10.0.123.2.

[R1]display ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

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Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.123.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors

Router ID: 10.0.2.2 Address: 10.0.123.2

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 40 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Neighbor is up for 01:03:35

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

Router ID: 10.0.3.3 Address: 10.0.123.3

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 33 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Neighbor is up for 01:02:27

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

The results of tests performed by different candidates may be different. This is

because DR election of OSPF is not preempted. That is, when there is a DR or BDR on
a network, the router that newly joins the network cannot preempt to be the DR or
BDR. On this network, the router whose OSPF process starts first or that connects to
this network first becomes the DR, and other routers are the BDR and DR others.

After the DR fails, the BDR becomes the new DR. You can reset an OSPF process to
observe the DR role change. The following example resets the OSPF process of R1.

<R1>reset ospf process

Warning: The OSPF process will be reset. Continue? [Y/N]:y

[R1]display ospf peer

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OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.123.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors

Router ID: 10.0.2.2 Address: 10.0.123.2

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.2 BDR: 10.0.123.3 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 34 sec

Retrans timer interval: 0

Neighbor is up for 00:00:19

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

Router ID: 10.0.3.3 Address: 10.0.123.3

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.2 BDR: 10.0.123.3 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 39 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Neighbor is up for 00:00:19

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

After the OSPF process of R1 is reset, the BDR 10.0.123.2 becomes the new DR, and
the DR other 10.0.123.3 becomes the new BDR.

Shut down G0/0/0 of R1, R2, and R3 and run the debugging ospf 1 event command
to check the OSPF neighbor relationship establishment process. Undoshutdown
G0/0/0 of R1, R2, and R3 simultaneously, and observe neighbor status change and
DR and BDR election on the broadcast multi-access network.

<R1>debugging ospf 1 event

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<R1>terminal debugging

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shut

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut

<R2>debugging ospf 1 event

<R2>terminal debugging

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shut

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut

<R3>debugging ospf 1 event

<R3>terminal debugging

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

Perform the same operations on R2 and R3 and check debugging information on R3.
The default interface priority of all routers is 1. Therefore, router IDs of the three
routers are compared during DR election. Among the three routers, R3 has the
largest router ID and becomes the DR of the network segment.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:54:59.220.1+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802c Line: 1326 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.3 Rcv InterfaceUp State Down -> Waiting.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:54:59.230.1+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802c Line: 1440 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface Up on 10.0.123.3

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[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:08.550.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1200 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:09.530.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1200 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:18.540.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1796 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> 2Way.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:19.570.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1796 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> 2Way.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.370.1+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1796 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv AdjOk? State 2Way -> ExStart.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.370.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1796 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv AdjOk? State 2Way -> ExStart.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.370.3+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802c Line: 2127 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface State Changed on 10.0.123.3

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

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Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.370.4+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802c Line: 2138 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.3 Rcv WaitTimer State Waiting -> DR.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.390.1+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1909 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv NegotiationDone State ExStart -> Exchange.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.390.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1909 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv NegotiationDone State ExStart -> Exchange.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.400.1+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 2021 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv ExchangeDone State Exchange -> Loading.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.400.2+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 2423 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv LoadingDone State Loading -> Full.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.400.3+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 2021 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv ExchangeDone State Exchange -> Loading.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Oct 12 2016 11:55:39.400.4+00:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 2423 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv LoadingDone State Loading -> Full.

<R1>undo debugging all

<R2>undo debugging all

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<R3>undo debugging all

When G0/0/0 is just enabled, the interface state changes from Down to Waiting.
Then routers start exchanging Hello packets. After 40 seconds, the status of G0/0/0
on R3 changes from Waiting to DR.

Step 4 Set the network type for loopback interfaces.

Check the IP routing table of R1 and focus on the two routes 10.0.2.2/32 and
10.0.3.3/32.

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

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During the configuration of IP addresses for loopback interfaces of R2 and R3, the
24-bit mask is used. Analyze why the IP routing table of R1 displays routes with the
32-bit mask.

Run the display ospf interface LoopBack 0 verbose command to check the OSPF
running status of Loopback0.

[R1]display ospf interface LoopBack 0 verbose

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Interfaces

Interface: 10.0.1.1 (LoopBack0)

Cost: 0 State: P-2-P Type: P2P MTU: 1500

Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

IO Statistics

Type Input Output

Hello 0 0

DB Description 0 0

Link-State Req 0 0

Link-State Update 0 0

Link-State Ack 0 0

ALLSPF GROUP

OpaqueId: 0 PrevState: Down

OSPF knows that the network segment where Loopback0 resides can have only one
IP address. Therefore the subnet mask of the advertised route is 32 bits.

Change the network type of Loopback0 on R2 to broadcast. When OSPF advertises

network information of this interface, it will use a 24-bit mask.

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[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast

You can see that the subnet mask of the route to Loopback0 address advertised by
R2 is 24 bits.

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/24 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

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Run the display ospf interface LoopBack 0 verbose command to check the OSPF
running status of Loopback0. The command output shows that the network type of
Loopback0 is broadcast.

[R2]display ospf interface LoopBack 0 verbose

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.2.2

Interfaces

Interface: 10.0.2.2 (LoopBack0)

Cost: 0 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500

Priority: 1

Designated Router: 10.0.2.2

Backup Designated Router: 0.0.0.0

Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

IO Statistics

Type Input Output

Hello 0 0

DB Description 0 0

Link-State Req 0 0

Link-State Update 0 0

Link-State Ack 0 0

ALLSPF GROUP

ALLDR GROUP

OpaqueId: 0 PrevState: Waiting

Step 5 Change the OSPF interface cost.

Check the cost of the route from R1 to Loopback0 of R3. You can see that the cost of
the route to 10.0.3.3/32 is 1.

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[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/24 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

Change the cost of G0/0/0 on R1 to 20 and that on R3 to 10.

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf cost 20

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf cost 10

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[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

Check the cost of the route from R1 to Loopback0 of R3 again. You can see that the
cost of the route to 10.0.3.3/32 is 20.

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/24 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 20 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

On R3, check the cost of the route to 10.0.1.1/32. You can see that the cost is 10.

[R3]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.1/32 OSPF 10 10 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.2.0/24 OSPF 10 10 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.3.3 LoopBack0

10.0.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.3.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

Step 6 Configure OSPF interfaces as silent interfaces.

Configure G0/0/0 of R1 as a silent interface.

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-ospf-1]quit

Run the display ip routing-table on R1 to check OSPF neighbor relationship

establishment and routing entry learning on R1. The command output shows that
the route learned from OSPF disappears in the IP routing table.

[R1]display ip routing-table

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Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

Check the neighbor list of R1. You can see that OSPF neighbor relationships between
R1 and R2 and between R1 and R3 disapear. After a RIP interface is configured as a
silent interface, this interface does not send RIP updates. In OSPF, routers can
exchange routing information only after they establish an OSPF neighbor
relationship. After an OSPF interface is configured as a silent interface, this interface
does not receive or send Hello packets. As a result, this interface cannot establish
OSPF neighbor relationships with interfaces of other routers.

[R1]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Interfaces

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Interface: 10.0.123.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)

Cost: 20 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500

Priority: 1

Designated Router: 10.0.123.1

Backup Designated Router: 0.0.0.0

Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

Silent interface, No hellos

Restore G0/0/0 of R1 to the default state and configure Loopback0 of the three
routes as silent interfaces.

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

[R1-ospf-1]silent-interface LoopBack 0

[R1-ospf-1]quit

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]silent-interface LoopBack 0

[R1-ospf-1]quit

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]silent-interface LoopBack 0

[R1-ospf-1]quit

Check the IP routing table of R1. The command output shows that configuring
Loopback0 as a silent interface does not affect its route advertisement.

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 12 Routes : 12

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.0/24 OSPF 10 20 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 20 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

----End

Additional Exercises: Analysis and Verification

Analyze why the wildcard mask 0.0.0.0 is used in OSPF configuration? The wildcard
mask 0.0.0.255 can also be used in actual configuration, what are the differences of
the two wildcard masks?

Analyze which types of interfaces should be configured as silent interfaces in

real-world networks.

Device Configurations
<R1>display current-configuration

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[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R1

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

ip address 10.0.123.1 255.255.255.0

ospf cost 20

interface LoopBack0

ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1

silent-interface LoopBack0

area 0.0.0.0

authentication-mode simple plain huawei

network 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.123.1 0.0.0.0

return

<R2>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

ip address 10.0.123.2 255.255.255.0

interface LoopBack0

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ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0

ospf network-type broadcast

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2

silent-interface LoopBack0

area 0.0.0.0

authentication-mode simple plain huawei

network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.123.2 0.0.0.0

return

<R3>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R3

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

ip address 10.0.123.3 255.255.255.0

ospf cost 10

interface LoopBack0

ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3

silent-interface LoopBack0

area 0.0.0.0

authentication-mode simple plain huawei

network 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

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network 10.0.123.3 0.0.0.0

return

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