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Back EMF

Back EMF, or back electromotive force, is a voltage generated by a running electric motor that opposes the applied voltage, making DC motors self-regulating. It plays a crucial role in regulating motor speed, protecting against damage, improving efficiency, and automatically adjusting to meet load requirements. When the motor's load changes, back EMF adjusts the armature current to maintain the necessary torque.

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Shirajul Islam
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35 views2 pages

Back EMF

Back EMF, or back electromotive force, is a voltage generated by a running electric motor that opposes the applied voltage, making DC motors self-regulating. It plays a crucial role in regulating motor speed, protecting against damage, improving efficiency, and automatically adjusting to meet load requirements. When the motor's load changes, back EMF adjusts the armature current to maintain the necessary torque.

Uploaded by

Shirajul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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"Back EMF" stands for "back electromotive force,"

which is a voltage generated by a running electric motor that


opposes the applied voltage. Back emf is the generator
output of a motor.
The significance of Back EMF:
The presence of back emf makes the d.c. motor a self-
regulating machine i.e., it makes the motor to draw a sufficient
armature current to develop the torque required by the
mechanical load. Armature current (Ia),

Back electromotive force (EMF) is important in DC motors because


it regulates the motor's speed and protects it from damage. It also improves
the motor's efficiency.
 Regulates speed
Back EMF is proportional to the motor's speed. When the motor speeds
up, back EMF increases, which reduces the net voltage and current. This
slows the motor down.
 Protects from damage
Back EMF limits the current flow through the armature when the motor is
running at high speeds.
 Improves efficiency
Back EMF reduces the net current required to maintain speed, which
improves energy efficiency at higher speeds.
 Automatically meets load requirements
Back EMF regulates current to automatically meet changing load
requirements.
When the motor is running on no load, small torque is required to overcome the friction and windage
losses. Therefore, the armature current Ia is small and the back emf is nearly equal to the applied
voltage.

If the motor is suddenly loaded, the first effect is to cause the armature to slow down. Therefore, the
speed at which the armature conductors move through the field is reduced and hence the back emf Eb
falls. The decreased back emf allows a larger current to flow through the armature and larger current
means increased driving torque. Thus, the driving torque increases as the motor slows down. The motor
will stop slowing down when the armature current is just sufficient to produce the increased torque
required by the load.

If the load on the motor is decreased, the driving torque is momentarily in excess of the requirement so
that armature is accelerated. As the armature speed increases, the back emf Eb also increases and
causes the armature current Ia to decrease. The motor will stop accelerating when the armature current
is just sufficient to produce the reduced torque required by the load. Therefore, the back emf in a DC
motor regulates the flow of armature current i.e., it automatically changes the armature current to meet
the load requirement.

Back electromotive force (EMF) is important in DC motors because


it regulates the motor's speed and protects it from damage. It also improves
the motor's efficiency.
Explanation
 Regulates speed
Back EMF is proportional to the motor's speed. When the motor speeds up,
back EMF increases, which reduces the net voltage and current. This slows
the motor down.
 Protects from damage
Back EMF limits the current flow through the armature when the motor is
running at high speeds.
 Improves efficiency
Back EMF reduces the net current required to maintain speed, which
improves energy efficiency at higher speeds.
 Automatically meets load requirements
Back EMF regulates current to automatically meet changing load
requirements.

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