GCE

Chemistry A

H432/01: Periodic table, elements and physical chemistry

A Level

Mark Scheme for June 2024

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of
qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications
include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals,
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It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the
needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is
invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and
support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society.

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements
of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking
commenced.

All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report
on the examination.

© OCR 2024

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS

PREPARATION FOR MARKING

RM ASSESSOR

1. Make sure that you have accessed and completed the relevant training packages for on-screen marking: RM Assessor Online Training; OCR
Essential Guide to Marking.

2. Make sure that you have read and understood the mark scheme and the question paper for this unit.

3. Log-in to RM Assessor and mark the required number of practice responses (“scripts”) and the required number of standardisation
responses.

MARKING

1. Mark strictly to the mark scheme.

2. Marks awarded must relate directly to the marking criteria.

3. The schedule of dates is very important. It is essential that you meet the RM Assessor 50% and 100% (traditional 50% Batch 1 and 100%
Batch 2) deadlines. If you experience problems, you must contact your Team Leader (Supervisor) without delay.

4. If you are in any doubt about applying the mark scheme, consult your Team Leader by telephone, email or via the RM Assessor messaging
system.

5. Work crossed out:

Crossed Out Responses

Where a candidate has crossed out a response and provided a clear alternative then the crossed out response is not marked. Where no
alternative response has been provided, examiners may give candidates the benefit of the doubt and mark the crossed out response where
legible.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Rubric Error Responses – Optional Questions

Where candidates have a choice of question across a whole paper or a whole section and have provided more answers than required, then all
responses are marked and the highest mark allowable within the rubric is given. Enter a mark for each question answered into RM assessor, which
will select the highest mark from those awarded. (The underlying assumption is that the candidate has penalised themselves by attempting more
questions than necessary in the time allowed.)

Multiple Choice Question Responses

When a multiple choice question has only a single, correct response and a candidate provides two responses (even if one of these responses is
correct), then no mark should be awarded (as it is not possible to determine which was the first response selected by the candidate).
When a question requires candidates to select more than one option/multiple options, then local marking arrangements need to ensure consistency
of approach.

Contradictory Responses
When a candidate provides contradictory responses, then no mark should be awarded, even if one of the answers is correct.

Short Answer Questions (requiring only a list by way of a response, usually worth only one mark per response)
Where candidates are required to provide a set number of short answer responses then only the set number of responses should be marked. The
response space should be marked from left to right on each line and then line by line until the required number of responses have been
considered. The remaining responses should not then be marked. Examiners will have to apply judgement as to whether a ‘second response’ on a
line is a development of the ‘first response’, rather than a separate, discrete response. (The underlying assumption is that the candidate is attempting
to hedge their bets and therefore getting undue benefit rather than engaging with the question and giving the most relevant/correct responses.)

Short Answer Questions (requiring a more developed response, worth two or more marks)
If the candidates are required to provide a description of, say, three items or factors and four items or factors are provided, then mark on a similar
basis – that is downwards (as it is unlikely in this situation that a candidate will provide more than one response in each section of the response
space.)

Longer Answer Questions (requiring a developed response)

Where candidates have provided two (or more) responses to a medium or high tariff question which only required a single (developed) response and
not crossed out the first response, then only the first response should be marked. Examiners will need to apply professional judgement as to whether
the second (or a subsequent) response is a ‘new start’ or simply a poorly expressed continuation of the first response.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

6. Always check the pages (and additional objects if present) at the end of the response in case any answers have been continued there. If the
candidate has continued an answer there then add a tick to confirm that the work has been seen.

7. Award No Response (NR) if:

• there is nothing written in the answer space

Award Zero ‘0’ if:

• anything is written in the answer space and is not worthy of credit (this includes text and symbols).

Team Leaders must confirm the correct use of the NR button with their markers before live marking commences and should check this when
reviewing scripts.

8. The RM Assessor comments box is used by your Team Leader to explain the marking of the practice responses. Please refer to these
comments when checking your practice responses. Do not use the comments box for any other reason.

If you have any questions or comments for your Team Leader, use the phone, the RM Assessor messaging system, or email.

9. Assistant Examiners will send a brief report on the performance of candidates to their Team Leader (Supervisor) via email by the end of the
marking period. The report should contain notes on particular strengths displayed as well as common errors or weaknesses. Constructive
criticism of the question paper/mark scheme is also appreciated.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

10. For answers marked by levels of response:

Read through the whole answer from start to finish, using the Level descriptors to help you decide whether it is a strong or weak answer. The
indicative scientific content in the Guidance column indicates the expected parameters for candidates’ answers, but be prepared to recognise
and credit unexpected approaches where they show relevance. Using a ‘best-fit’ approach based on the skills and science content evidenced
within the answer, first decide which set of level descriptors, Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3, best describes the overall quality of the answer.
Once the level is located, award the higher or lower mark:
The higher mark should be awarded where the level descriptor has been evidenced and all aspects of the communication statement (in
italics) have been met.
The lower mark should be awarded where the level descriptor has been evidenced but aspects of the communication statement (in italics)
are missing.
In summary:
The skills and science content determines the level.
The communication statement determines the mark within a level.
Level of response questions on this paper are 17b and 20c
The only annotation on a level of response question should be the indication of the level.
A level annotation should be used where all marks for a level have been achieved.
e.g. if a candidate has 6 marks, they would have this annotation on their script:

If a candidate has achieved 5 marks then they have reached Level 3 but will not have met the communication statement.
They should have the following annotations on their scripts:

The same principle should be applied to Level 2 and Level 1.

No marks (0) should have a cross:

Place the annotations alongside the mark for the question.

On additional pages, annotate using

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

11. Annotations available in RM Assessor

Annotation Meaning
Correct response

Incorrect response

Omission mark

Benefit of doubt given

Contradiction

Rounding error

Error in number of significant figures

Error carried forward

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Benefit of doubt not given

Noted but no credit given

Ignore

Blank page

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

12. Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the detailed Mark Scheme (to include abbreviations and subject-specific
conventions).

Annotation Meaning

DO NOT ALLOW Answers which are not worthy of credit

IGNORE Statements which are irrelevant

ALLOW Answers that can be accepted

() Words which are not essential to gain credit

__ Underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark

ECF Error carried forward

AW Alternative wording

ORA Or reverse argument

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

13. Subject-specific Marking Instructions

INTRODUCTION

Your first task as an Examiner is to become thoroughly familiar with the material on which the examination depends. This material includes:

• the specification, especially the assessment objectives

• the question paper

• the mark scheme.

You should ensure that you have copies of these materials.

You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process. These are set out in the OCR
booklet Instructions for Examiners. If you are examining for the first time, please read carefully Appendix 5 Introduction to Script Marking:
Notes for New Examiners.

Please ask for help or guidance whenever you need it. Your first point of contact is your Team Leader.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

SECTION A

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 D 1
2 B 1
3 C 1
4 B 1
5 C 1
6 D 1
7 A 1 ALLOW -56 (correct numerical answer)
8 B 1
9 B 1 ALLOW +133 (correct numerical answer)
10 D 1
11 C 1
12 A 1
13 D 1
14 D 1
15 C 1

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

SECTION B

Question Answer Marks Guidance

16 (a) (i) FIRST CHECK ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 4 ALLOW ECF throughout
If answer = –117 kJ mol–1, award 4 marks.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
∆H = –286– (–188)
= –98 kJ mol–1 

∆S = 70 + ½(205) – 110 = 62.5 (J K–1 mol–1)

or 0.0625 (kJ K–1 mol–1)

∆G = ∆H – T∆S
= –98 – (298  0.0625)  ALLOW –98000 – (298  62.5)


∆G = –117 kJ mol–1 (3SF) 

Common Errors for ∆G

3 marks
–18700 (S not converted to kJ)
–493 (H = –286 + (–188) = –474)
–147 (S = 165: not halving 205)
– 99.6 (T not converted to K)
–18.7 (H not converted J but S J K–1 mol–1 )
(+)79.4 (–188 – (–286) = +98)

2 marks
(+) 117 (incorrect signs for H and S)

Final Answer MUST BE 3 SF

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(ii) (Rate of reaction) slow 1 ALLOW ∆G takes no account of rate of reaction
OR Activation energy high 
ALLOW molecules do not have sufficient energy to
equal or exceed the activation energy.

IGNORE molecules do not have sufficient energy to

react.

DO NOT ALLOW there is not enough activation

energy
(b) (i) 3
Care enthalpy profile must match ΔH sign in16 a) i)
– check calculation

ALLOW endothermic profile as ECF from + ΔH

calculated in 16 a) i) for all three marks

H2O2 on LHS AND H2O + ½ O2 on RHS

AND
ΔH labelled with product line below
reactant line
State symbols not required
AND
Arrow downwards  ΔH DO NOT ALLOW –ΔH

DO NOT ALLOW double headed arrow on ΔH

ALLOW ΔH arrow even with small gap at the top and

bottom,
i.e. line does not quite reach reactant or product line.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

Ea and Ec
Ea correctly labelled  ALLOW no arrowhead or arrowheads at both end of
 Ea or Ec lines
Ea or Ec lines must reach maximum (or near to
maximum) on curve

ALLOW overlapping lines OR lines on side reaching

Ec correctly labelled with Ec < Ea  maximum

 For Ea, ALLOW AE OR AE OR Eact OR suitable
alternatives

ALLOW ECF marks for Ea and Ec for correctly

labelled endothermic diagram from a –ΔH value
(from16 a) i))

(ii) (MnO2) is in different phase/state (to the reactant / H2O2) 1 ASSUME ‘it’ is MnO2

OR ALLOW ‘species in the reaction’

catalyst is a solid AND reactant is liquid IGNORE references to products

(iii) Mn is +2 AND +3 1 + required

OR ALLOW 2+ and 3+

Mn is +1 AND +6  DO NOT ALLOW Mn2+ Mn3+

DO NOT ALLOW + 4 (this is the oxidation state in

MnO2)

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(c) (i) (Enthalpy / heat energy change / released when) 1 mol of 2 ALLOW 1 mol of (ionic)
(ionic lattice)  compound/product/substance
IGNORE energy released/required

Is formed from its gaseous ions  ALLOW M+(g) + X–(g) → MX(s)

 DO NOT ALLOW one mole of gaseous ions


(ii) 3

Care: State symbols are required

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(iii) FIRST CHECK ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 2 Common errors for 1 mark
If answer = –3798 award 2 marks -4080 (use of -141)
----------------------------------------------------------------- -3674 (use of +249/2 and correctly rounded)
H lattice -3673.5 (use of +249/2)
= – 281 – 249 – 717 – 1509 – (–141) – 798 + (–385) ✓ -3236 (use of +281)
-3300 (use of +249)
H lattice = –3798 (kJ mol–1) ✓ -3028 (use of -385)
-2364 (use of +717)
-2202 (use of +798)
-780 (use of +1509)
+3798 (wrong sign on answer)

For other answers, check for a single transcription

error or calculation error which could merit 1 mark

Question Answer Marks Guidance

17 (a) (Over time) concentration decreases AND collisions 1 ALLOW less moles/particles per unit volume.
are less frequent ✓ ALLOW fewer collisions per second/per unit time

IGNORE (over time) fewer reacting particles

IGNORE …chance of..
IGNORE amount decreases
IGNORE successful
IGNORE particles more spread out/further apart

DO NOT ALLOW particles have less energy in terms of

energy distribution.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(b)* Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this 6 Indicative scientific points may include:
mark scheme for guidance on how to mark this question.
Level 3 (5–6 marks) Care: ALLOW the use of ECF for values obtained from a previously,
A comprehensive conclusion using quantitative data incorrectly, calculated value.
from graph to correctly determine
1st order conclusion for CV using half lives/gradients ALLOW minor slips as we are looking for a holistic approach
AND rate at 3 minutes to LoR marking.
AND determination of k
Minutes Seconds
There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is Half life values 2.4 to 2.6 min 144 to 156 s
clear and logically structured.
Rate at three (-) (1.5 to 1.8) ×10–8 (-) (2.5 to 3.0)×10–10
Level 2 (3–4 marks) minutes mol dm–3 min–1 mol dm–3 s–1
Reaches a conclusion using quantitative data from
graph to correctly determine rate at 3 minutes AND Value of k 0.24 to 0.30 min–1 (4.0 to 5.0) x 10–3 s–1
determination of k.
Units of k min–1 s–1
OR
Half- lives/gradient with 1st order conclusion for CV
AND determination of k
OR
determined rate AND half-life/first order for CV Examples of the communication statement being met would
OR typically include:
Attempts to determine rate, k and order for CV
• For L1 and L2: full working on the graph and/or
There is a line of reasoning with some structure and
appropriate units for calculated values.
supported by some evidence.
• For L3: full working on the graph and appropriate units
Level 1 (1–2 marks) for calculated values.
Reaches a simple conclusion using at least one piece
of quantitative data from the graph, i.e.
Attempts to calculate rate at three minutes OR k OR
links half lives to 1st order.3

There is an attempt at a logical structure with a

reasoned conclusion from the evidence.

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

0 marks No response worthy of credit If time has been measured in minutes
(see below for values using seconds).

Indicative scientific points may include:

Evidence for 1st order

1st order clearly linked to half-life OR 2 gradients:
Half life
Half- life shown on graph
Half- life range 2.4 to 2.6 min
Two ‘constant’ half lives
OR Two gradients → two rates
2 tangents shown on graph at c and c/2
This could include c = 0.61 × 10–7 mol dm–3 (t = 3 min)
Gradient at c/2 is half gradient at c
e.g. c = 0.8 x 10–7 mol dm–3, gradient = 2.2 × 10–8 (mol dm–3
min–1)
AND c = 0.4 x 10–7 mol dm–3, gradient = 1.1 × 10–8 (mol dm–3
min–1)
For chosen method, conclude that the reaction is 1st order wrt CV.

Rate at three minutes

Tangent shown on graph as line at t = 3 min
Gradient in range: (1.5 – 1.8) × 10–8
rate as gradient with units: mol dm–3 min–1
ln2
OR k = t½ = 0.28min–1
And k substituted into rate equation.
e.g.
Rate = k [CV]
Rate = 0.277 x 0.61 x10-7
= 1.7 x10-8 mol dm–3 min–1

Determination of k
k clearly linked to rate OR half-life:
rate 1.75 x 10–8
e.g. k = [CV] = 0.62 x 10–7 = 0.28
k in range: 0.24 - 0.30 min–1

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

ln2
OR e.g. k = t½ = 0.28 min–1
Units of k: min–1

If time has been measured in seconds:

Evidence for 1st order

1st order clearly linked to half-life OR 2 gradients:
Half life
Half- life shown on graph
Half- life range 144 to 156 s
Two ‘constant’ half lives
OR Two gradients → two rates
2 tangents shown on graph at c and c/2
This could include c = 0.6 × 10–8 mol dm–3 (t = 3 min)
Gradient at c/2 is half gradient at c
e.g. c = 0.8 x 10–7 mol dm–3,
gradient = 3.7 × 10–10 mol dm–3 s–1
AND c = 0.4 x 10–7 mol dm–3,
gradient = 1.8 × 10–10 mol dm–3 s–1

For chosen method, conclude that the reaction is 1st order wrt CV.
Rate at 180 seconds

Gradient in range (2.5 to 3.0) ×10–10

rate as gradient with units: mol dm–3 s–1

ln2
OR k = t½ = 4.6 x 10–3 s–1
And k substituted into rate equation.

e.g.
Rate = k [CV]
Rate = 0.00462 x 0.61 x10-7
= 2.8 x 10-10 mol dm–3 s–1

Determination of k
k clearly linked to rate OR half-life:

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

rate 2.75 x 10–10
e.g. k = [CV] = 0.62 x 10–7 = 4.4 x 10–3 s–1
k in range (4.0 to 4.8) x 10–3 s–1

ln2
OR e.g. k = t½ = 0.28 min–1 OR 4.6 x 10–3 s–1
Units of k: s–1

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 (a) (i) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 5 IF there is an alternative answer, check for any
8 IF answer = 0.455 award 4 marks ECF credit possible using working below.
AND IF units = atm1/2 award 5 marks -------------------------------------------------------------

Equilibrium moles ✓
N SO3 = 1.35 , n O2 = 0.45(0) AND n total = 2.7(0) ALLOW 3SF or more unless there is a trailing zero
e.g. ALLOW p(SO3) = 1.4, n total =2.7

Partial pressures ✓
p(SO3) 1.35 ALLOW all marks to be awarded if atmospheres are converted
2.7(0)  2.80 OR 1.4(0) into other pressure units e.g. to kPa.
p(SO2) 0.900
2.7(0)  2.80 OR 0.933
ALLOW use of fractions for intermediate working
p(O2) 0.450
2.7(0)  2.80 OR 0.467

p(SO₂) p¹ᐟ² (O₂)

p(SO₂) p(O₂)¹ᐟ² ALLOW (Kp) =
(Kp) = p(SO₃)
p(SO₃)
ALLOW
(0.933) x (0.467)¹ᐟ² p(SO₂)² x p(O₂)
OR (Kp = ) (1.40)  Kp2 =
p(SO₃)²

Answer to 3 SF IGNORE [ ] (we are just looking for the calculation)

Kp= 0.455 ✓

ALLOW ECF for units of an incorrect Kp expression

Units
Substitution of units into correct Kp expression ALLOW atm0.5
atm¹ x atm¹ᐟ²
= atm½ 
atm¹ DO NOT ALLOW atm

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

Common errors
4 marks
(3 marks for calculation + unit mark)

p(SO₂)² x p(O₂)
0.207 (from expression ) Unit: atm
p(SO₃)²

2.20 (from inverted expression) Unit: atm-1/2

(ii) H is +ve / endothermic (in forward direction). 2 ORA throughout

AND
(At higher temperature,) equilibrium shifts to right
hand side  ALLOW towards the products for right hand side
ALLOW increases yield of products
(T2 ) has greater Kp value
OR 7.7  10–2 > 3.3  10–5  DO NOT ALLOW T1 has greater Kp value

(iii) One mark per correct row  2



Change Decrease No Increase

change
No

catalyst
Increased

pressure

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H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(b) (i) There are 3 bonding regions 1 ALLOW electron regions / areas of electron density
OR 3 double bonds (round the S atom).
ALLOW - It has a resonance structure with all 3 bonds being
the same/inbetween a single and double bond OR has 3 
bonds.

DO NOT ALLOW bonding pairs

(ii) S/Sulfur and O/Oxygen have different 2 ALLOW if partial charges are seen on diagram.
electronegativities (and S–O bonds are polar) 
DO NOT ALLOW sulfur is more electronegative than oxygen

(SO2 lone pair gives) non-linear shape / For non-linear, ALLOW bent OR v-shaped
asymmetrical AND dipoles don’t cancel / dipoles do
not act in opposite directions IGNORE shapes seen in diagrams, treat as rough working
OR IGNORE polar bonds cancel
uneven electron charge density AND dipoles don’t IGNORE polarity cancels
cancel  DO NOT ALLOW charges cancel

ORA
e.g.
SO3 trigonal planar shape/symmetrical AND dipoles cancel /
dipoles act in opposite directions
OR
even electron charge density AND dipoles cancel

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

19 (a) (i) [H⁺] [ClCH₂COO⁻] 1 DO NOT ALLOW without square brackets
(Ka) = 
[ClCH₂COOH]
[H⁺]2
DO NOT ALLOW
[ClCH₂COOH]

[H⁺][A-]
DO NOT ALLOW [HA]

(ii) [H+] = [A–] 1 Answer must be in terms of concentration

OR [H+] from water is negligible
OR dissociation of water is negligible  ALLOW [H+] ≈ [A–]

IGNORE HA ⇌ H+ + A- is a 1:1 mole ratio.

(iii) FIRST CHECK ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3 ALLOW ECF throughout

If answer = 2.85 OR 2.86 OR 2.87 award 3 marks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
([H+] =) 10–1.95
OR = 1.1(22…)  10–2  ALLOW [H+] =1.1  10–2 up to calculator value

[H⁺]² ALLOW 2 sig figs up to calculator value.

(Ka) = ( )
[ClCH₂COOH]

ALLOW calculations based on finding the [HA]equ

(1.122… x10⁻²)² (1.12 x10⁻²)² (1.1 x10⁻²)²

(1.122… x10⁻²)² (1.12 x10⁻²)² (1.1 x10⁻²)² (0.079) OR (0.079) OR (0.079)
= (0.090) OR (0.090) OR (0.090)

=1.59  10–3 OR =1.59  10–3 OR = 1.53  10–3 

=1.4(0)  10–3 OR =1.39  10–3 OR = 1.34  10–3 

(pKa = –log10(Ka) =) 2.85, 2.86 OR 2.87 (2DP)  (pKa = –log10(Ka) =) 2.80 OR 2.80 OR 2.81 (2DP) 
Must be 2DP

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

Common error:
2 marks

0.90 (not using [H+]2 )

(b) (i) Smooth s-shaped curve using a best fit line that goes 5 DO NOT ALLOW point to point
through the majority of points. 
DO NOT ALLOW tram/feather lines.

ALLOW Reading off x-axis from 12.4 – 12.6 cm3

Reading off x-axis at 12.5 cm3 

12.5
n(Ba(OH)2) =) 0.0560  1000 ALLOW ECF throughout

= 7.00  10–4  ALLOW 3SF or more unless there is a trailing zero

n(CH3COOH =) 2  (moles Ba(OH)2)

= 1.40  10–3 

1.4 x 10-3 Alternative answers:

(concentration =) (10/1000)
0.139 (mol dm–3) (from reading off x-axis at 12.4 cm3 )
= 0.14(0) (mol dm–3) 
0.141 (mol dm–3) (from reading off x-axis at 12.6 cm3)

Common errors:
3 Marks

0.134 (Use of 12 cm3)

0.202 (use of 18 cm3)

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

Alternative method based on calculating pKa from the
half neutralisation point.

pH and [H+] reading will come from the candidates

graph and the data points provided.

e.g.

pH at half neutralisation
6.25 cm3 = pH 4.7 = pKa 

Ka = 10-4.7
= 1.995 x 10-5 

ALLOW MP2 for Ka = 1.7 x 10-5 to 1.8 x 10-5 (knowledge of

actual Ka value)
[H+] at pH 3.3 (obtained from data on the graph
provided) ALLOW ECF from any quoted Ka

10-3.3 = 5.012 x 10-4 (mol dm-3) 

[H⁺]²
[HA] = [K ]
a

(5.012 x 10-4)²
= (1.995 x 10-5)

= 0.0126 (mol dm-3) 

(ii) Phenol red 1 Both indicators can change colour on the sharp vertical
OR section of the candidates curve.
Phenolphthalein

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

20 (a) (i) killing bacteria ✓ 1 ALLOW killing microorganisms / microbes / sterilises water

IGNORE ‘removing’ bacteria

(ii) Cl2 +2Br– → Br2 + 2Cl– ✓ 2 DO NOT ALLOW full equation

IGNORE state symbols

Chlorine is more reactive than bromine CARE with endings (e.g. ide and ine)
AND iodine is less reactive than bromine ALLOW ORA

OR ALLOW reactivity Cl > Br > I

chlorine is a stronger oxidising agent than bromine AND
iodine is a weaker oxidising agent than bromine.✓ ALLOW bromide is a stronger reducing agent than chloride
AND bromide is a weaker reducing agent than iodide

IGNORE displacement
IGNORE references to down the group.
IGNORE all comparisons of electron structure/electron
affinity

(b) Equation for Step 1 2 Mark independently

F2 + NO2 → F + NO2F 

Rate Equation ALLOW rate = k [NO2][F2]

Rate = k [F2][NO2]  Care – k must be included.

25
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

(c)* Please refer to the marking instructions on page 5 of this mark 6 Indicative scientific points may include:
scheme for guidance on how to mark this question.

Level 3 (5–6 marks) ALLOW minor omissions as we are looking for a holistic
Describe the types of structure and bonding of all four approach to LoR marking.
elements AND explains most of the differences in melting
points in terms of the relative strengths of the forces between
Al (Giant metallic)
the particles.
• Giant metallic structure/lattice
There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and • Strong metallic bonding
logically structured. The information presented is relevant and • Electrostatic attraction between (positive) metal
substantiated. ions/cations and delocalised electrons
Level 2 (3–4 marks) • A lot of energy needed to break bonds
Si (Giant covalent)
Attempt to describe the types of bonding of three elements • Each Si atom forms 4 bonds / bonds with 4 other Si
AND explains most of the differences in melting points in terms atoms
of the relative strengths of the forces between the particles. • Giant covalent structure/lattice
OR • Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Describe in detail and bonding of two of the three types of
• Between shared pair of electrons and adjacent
structure AND explains most of the differences in melting
points in terms of the relative strengths of the forces between nuclei.
the particles. • Most energy needed to break bonds

There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure. P, S (Simple covalent)

The information presented is relevant and supported by some
• Simple covalent / molecular structure/lattice
evidence.
• Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Level 1 (1–2 marks) • Weak induced dipole–dipole interactions between
molecules*
Attempt to describe the bonding of two elements AND • Least energy to overcome the forces
explains most of the differences in melting points in terms of • Melting point of S8 > P4
the relative strengths of the forces between the particles.
OR • More electrons
Describes in detail the bonding of one of the three types of • Stronger induced dipole–dipole interactions
structure AND explains the melting point in terms of the • DO NOT ALLOW breaks BONDS
strength of the forces between the particles. • IGNORE van der Waals’ (VDW)

26
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

The information is basic and communicated in an unstructured *ALLOW London (dispersion) forces for induced dipole–
way. The information is supported by limited evidence and the dipole interactions.
relationship to the evidence may not be clear.

0 marks Aspects of the communication statement might typically not

No response or no response worthy of credit. have been met when irrelevant information (e.g. ionisation
energies, ionic radius etc) have been included.

27
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

21 (a) 3 ALLOW multiples
IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect

ALLOW Ba + H2O → BaO + H2 (reaction with steam)

2 Ba + O2 → 2 BaO 
ALLOW other correct equations e.g. with less reactive metal
oxide

BaO + H2O → Ba(OH)2 

Neutralisation
OR acid-base 

(b) FIRST CHECK ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 4

If answer = 84 award 4 marks ALLOW 3 SF or more throughout
------------------------------------------------------------------------ ALLOW ECF throughout
26.2  0.150
n(I–)-= 1000 = 3.93 10–3  Care – other sequence of calculations can be valid.

3.93  10–3 Alternative route

n(IO3–) = 5 = 7.86  10–4  7.86 x 10-4
M3 mol (IO3-) in one tablet = 2 = 3.93  10-4

mass KIO3 in 2 tablets = 7.86  10–4  214 = 0.168204 g

 M4 Mass (KIO3) in one tablet = 3.93 x 10-4  214 = 84

mass KIO3 in 1 tablet = 0.084102 g = 84 mg (nearest Final answer must be a whole number
whole number)

Common Errors
3 marks:

69 mg (using Mr of IO3- )
421mg (not divided by 5)

28
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(c) Complete circuit AND voltmeter 4 Electrodes / salt bridge must at least touch the surface of
AND labelled salt bridge linking two half-cells  solutions
ALLOW small gaps in circuit wires

Pt AND Fe2+ AND Fe3+  ALLOW half-cells drawn on either side

Pt AND H2 AND H+ AND delivery system for H2 gas  ALLOW a formula of a strong acid for H+

For standard conditions:

Standard conditions
1 mol dm–3 Can be awarded if all quoted on standard condition line or in
AND labelled diagram.
Temperature: 298 K / 25 ºC
AND ALLOW 1M
Pressure: 1 atm / 100 kPa/101 kPa 
ALLOW equimolar solutions for Fe2+ AND Fe3+ only.
i.e. need 1 mol dm–3 for [H+]

IGNORE H2SO4 in diagram unless concentration is stated with

a value other than 0.5 moldm-3

DO NOT ALLOW if any concentration is incorrect

(d) (i) Li + CoO2 → LiCoO2  1 ALLOW ⇌

DO NOT ALLOW uncancelled species

29
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(ii) Cell potentials: 3 IGNORE state symbols throughout
(Eo) = 1.23 - 0.00 OR 1.23 (V)
OR (redox system 6 – redox system 3) = 1.23 (V)
AND
(Eo) = 0.40 – (–0.83) = 1.23 (V)
OR (redox system 4 – redox system 2) = 1.23 (V)
 ALLOW multiples
ALLOW ⇌

Acidic Overall equation

Cell equation
AND
(2) H2 ⇌ 2H+ + 2e–
with evidence of working:
AND
O2 + 4H+ + 4e– ⇌ 2H2O e.g. half-equations written out / combined but not cancelled /
AND with crossings out OR System 6 goes forward / reduced OR
2 H2 + O2 → 2H2O  system 3 goes backwards / oxidised

ALLOW multiples
Overall equation
Alkaline
Cell equation AND
(2) H2 + 2OH– ⇌ 2H2O + 2e– with evidence of working:
AND e.g. half-equations written
O2 + 2H2O + 4e– ⇌ 4OH– out / combined but not cancelled / with crossings out OR
AND System 4 goes forward / reduced OR system 2 goes
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O  backwards oxidised

ALLOW 1 mark for both equations with uncancelled species.

ALLOW 1 mark for System 6 / reduced goes forward and

system 3 goes backwards oxidised AND System 4 / goes
forward / reduced and system 2 / goes backwards / oxidised

30
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

22 (a) 2
s orbital p orbital 
IGNORE shading

IGNORE axes directions x, y, z

DO NOT ALLOW multiple p orbitals

Fe = (1s2)2s22p63s23p64s23d6 For electron configuration,

AND ALLOW 4s2 after 3d6
Fe2+ = (1s2)2s22p63s23p63d6 
i.e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

ALLOW upper case D, etc and subscripts,

e.g. …...4S23D1

ALLOW 4s0

IGNORE [Ar]3d6 4s2

(b) (i) (A =) [Co(H2O)6]2+  3 IGNORE state symbols even if incorrect

[ ] essential

(B =) Co(OH)2  ALLOW [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] OR Co(OH)2(H2O)4

ALLOW -2 for 2-
(C =) [CoCl4]2– OR CoCl42–
i.e. [CoCl4]-2

31
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(ii) Complex : [Co(NH3)4Cl2]  2 IGNORE Any charges for 1st mark

Charge +1 / + / 1+  ALLOW [CoCl2(NH3)4]

ALLOW [Co(Cl)2(NH3)4]

DO NOT ALLOW [Co(Cl2)(NH3)4]

DO NOT ALLOW if charges shown in formula within
brackets for 2nd mark
(c) Oxygen (O lone pair) forms a coordinate/dative bond to 5 ALLOW word equations using → and ⇌
Fe(II)/Fe/Iron/Fe2+ 
IGNORE number of coordinate bonds
replaced by H2O or CO2
OR
O2 bonds reversibly (with metal ion)  ALLOW ORA

Check for alternative methods on mark scheme.

FIRST CHECK ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE ALLOW ECF throughout
If 7.3(0) AND not healthy / below 7.35 award three
calculation marks ALLOW [A-] for [HCO3-] AND/OR [HA] for [H2CO3]
------------------------------------------------------------------------ (asked for in 19 a) ii))
[H₂CO₃]
[H+] = Ka  [HCO₃⁻]
[HCO₃⁻]
ALLOW [H+] = Ka 
OR [H₂CO₃]
[HCO₃⁻] Kₐ
=  [H₂CO₃] [H⁺]
[H₂CO₃] [H⁺]
ALLOW =
[HCO₃⁻] Kₐ

[H+] = 5.02  10–8  [H+] value subsumes MP3

ALLOW [H+] = 5.02  10–8 up to the calculator value

(5.023529412 x 10–8)

DO NOT ALLOW a weak acid approach for marking

points 3 and 5. i.e. [H+] can be awarded.

32
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

pH = –log(5.02  10–8)
= 7.3(0) ALLOW 7.3 up to calculator value (pH =7.298991951)
AND not healthy / below 7.35 

Alternative method 1:
ALLOW [H+] = 3.98  10-8 from average pH 7.40
pH of healthy blood is between 7.35 and 7.45 used.
3
pH 7.35 pH 7.45

[H+] = 4.47  10-8 OR [H+] = 3.55  10-8 

[HCO₃⁻] Kₐ [HCO₃⁻] Kₐ 
= =
[H₂CO₃] [H⁺] [H₂CO₃] [H⁺]

[HCO₃⁻] [HCO₃⁻]
= =
[H₂CO₃] [H₂CO₃]
4.27 x 10-7 4.27 x 10-7
4.47 x 10-8 3.55 x 10-8

[HCO₃⁻] [HCO₃⁻]
= 9.55:1 = 12:03:1
[H₂CO₃] [H₂CO₃]

8.5:1 does not lie in the range of 9.55:1 to 12.03:1 AND

unhealthy 

33
H432/01 Mark Scheme June 2024

Question Answer Marks Guidance

Alternative method 2:

[HCO₃⁻]
pH = pKa + log 
[H₂CO₃]

pKa = 6.37 

(8.5)
6.37 + log (1)

7.3(0) AND not healthy / below 7.35 

34
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