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Computer Science Past Papers

This document is a resource booklet for the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Computer Science exam, specifically for Paper 4CP0/01. It outlines a pseudocode command set, including data types, constants, data structures, identifiers, functions, and various programming constructs such as selection and repetition. Additionally, it provides instructions for the examination and includes example questions related to computer hardware and software concepts.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

5 views105 pages

Computer Science Past Papers

Uploaded by

ruthparthiban28

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 105

Computer Science

Past Papers
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Friday 26 May 2023
Paper
reference 4CP0/01
Computer Science
 

Component 1
Pseudocode command set

Resource Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.

Turn over

P72937A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/1/1/
*P72937A*
Pseudocode command set
Questions in the written examination that involve code will use this pseudocode
for clarity and consistency. However, students may answer questions using any
valid method.
Data types
INTEGER
REAL
BOOLEAN
CHARACTER
Type coercion
Type coercion is automatic if indicated by context. For example 3 + 8.25 = 11.25
(integer + real = real)
Mixed mode arithmetic is coerced like this:

INTEGER REAL

INTEGER INTEGER REAL

REAL REAL REAL

Coercion can be made explicit. For example, RECEIVE age FROM (INTEGER) KEYBOARD
assumes that the input from the keyboard is interpreted as an INTEGER, not a STRING.
Constants
The value of constants can only ever be set once. They are identified by the keyword
CONST. Two examples of using a constant are shown.
CONST REAL PI
SET PI TO 3.14159
SET circumference TO radius * PI * 2
Data structures
ARRAY
STRING
Indices start at zero (0) for all data structures.
All data structures have an append operator, indicated by &.
Using & with a STRING and a non-STRING will coerce to STRING. For example, SEND ‘Fred’
& age TO DISPLAY, will display a single STRING of ‘Fred18’.

2 P72937A

Identifiers
Identifiers are sequences of letters, digits and ‘_’, starting with a letter, for example:
MyValue, myValue, My_Value, Counter2
Functions
LENGTH()
For data structures consisting of an array or string.
RANDOM(n)
This generates a random number from 0 to n.
Comments
Comments are indicated by the # symbol, followed by any text.
A comment can be on a line by itself or at the end of a line.
Devices
Use of KEYBOARD and DISPLAY are suitable for input and output.
Additional devices may be required, but their function will be obvious from the context.
For example, CARD_READER and MOTOR are two such devices.
Notes
In the following pseudocode, the < > indicates where expressions or values need to be
supplied. The < > symbols are not part of the pseudocode.

P72937A 3
 Turn over
Variables and arrays

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

SET Counter TO 0
SET Variable TO <value> Assigns a value to a variable.
SET MyString TO ‘Hello world’

Computes the value of an

SET Sum TO Score + 10
SET Variable TO <expression> expression and assigns to
SET Size to LENGTH(Word)
a variable.

Assigns a value to an element SET ArrayClass[1] TO ‘Ann’

SET Array[index] TO <value>
of a one-dimensional array. SET ArrayMarks[3]TO 56

Initialises a one-dimensional
SET Array TO [<value>, ...] SET ArrayValues TO [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array with a set of values.

SET Array [RowIndex, Assigns a value to an element

SET ArrayClassMarks[2,4] TO 92
ColumnIndex] TO <value> of a two dimensional array.

Selection

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

IF <expression> THEN IF Answer = 10 THEN

If <expression> is true then
<command> SET Score TO Score + 1
command is executed.
END IF END IF

IF <expression> THEN IF Answer = ‘correct’ THEN

If <expression> is true then first
<command> SEND ‘Well done’ TO DISPLAY
<command> is executed,
ELSE ELSE
otherwise second
<command> SEND ‘Try again’ TO DISPLAY
<command> is executed.
END IF END IF

4 P72937A

Repetition

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

WHILE <condition> DO Pre-conditioned loop. Executes WHILE Flag = 0 DO

<command> <command> whilst SEND ‘All well’ TO DISPLAY
END WHILE <condition> is true. END WHILE

Post-conditioned loop.
REPEAT Executes REPEAT
<command> <command> until <condition> SET Go TO Go + 1
UNTIL <expression> is true. The loop must execute UNTIL Go = 10
at least once.

Count controlled loop. The

REPEAT <expression> TIMES REPEAT 100-Number TIMES
number of times <command>
<command> SEND ‘*’ TO DISPLAY
is executed is determined by
END REPEAT END REPEAT
the expression.

FOR <id> FROM <expression>

Count controlled loop. FOR Index FROM 1 TO 10 DO
TO
Executes SEND ArrayNumbers[Index]
<expression> DO
<command> a fixed number of TO DISPLAY
<command>
times. END FOR
END FOR
FOR <id> FROM <expression>
TO FOR Index FROM 1 TO 500 STEP
<expression> STEP Count controlled loop using 25 DO
<expression> DO a step. SEND Index TO DISPLAY
<command> END FOR
END FOR
SET WordsArray TO [‘The’, ‘Sky’,
‘is’, ‘grey’]
FOR EACH <id> FROM SET Sentence to ‘‘
Count controlled loop.
<expression> DO FOR EACH Word FROM
Executes for each element of
<command> WordsUArray DO
an array.
END FOREACH SET Sentence TO Sentence &
Word & ‘ ‘
END FOREACH

P72937A 5
 Turn over
Input/output

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

SEND ‘Have a good day.’ TO

SEND <expression> TO DISPLAY Sends output to the screen.
DISPLAY

RECEIVE Name FROM (STRING)

KEYBOARD
RECEIVE <identifier> FROM
RECEIVE LengthOfJourney
(type) Reads input of specified type.
FROM (INTEGER) CARD_READER
<device>
RECEIVE YesNo FROM
(CHARACTER) CARD_READER

File handling

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

Reads in a record from a <file>

and assigns to a <variable>.
READ <File> <record> READ MyFile.doc Record
Each READ statement reads a
record from the file.

Writes a record to a file.

WRITE MyFile.doc Answer1,
WRITE <File> <record> Each WRITE statement writes a
Answer2, ‘xyz 01’
record to the file.

Subprograms

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

PROCEDURE CalculateAverage
PROCEDURE <id>
(Mark1, Mark2, Mark3)
(<parameter>, …)
BEGIN PROCEDURE
BEGIN PROCEDURE Defines a procedure.
SET Avg to (Mark1 + Mark2 +
<command>
Mark3)/3
END PROCEDURE
END PROCEDURE
FUNCTION AddMarks (Mark1,
FUNCTION <id>
Mark2, Mark3)
(<parameter>, …)
BEGIN FUNCTION
BEGIN FUNCTION
Defines a function. SET Total to (Mark1 + Mark2 +
<command>
Mark3)/3
RETURN <expression>
RETURN Total
END FUNCTION
END FUNCTION
Calls a procedure or a
<id> (<parameter>, …) Add (FirstMark, SecondMark)
function.

6 P72937A

Arithmetic operators

Symbol Description

+ Add

- Subtract

/ Divide

* Multiply

^ Exponent

MOD Modulo

DIV Integer division

Relational operators

Symbol Description

= equal to

<> not equal to

> greater than

>= greater than or equal to

< less than

<= less than or equal to

Logical operators

Symbol Description

Returns true if both conditions

AND
are true.
Returns true if any of the
OR
conditions are true.
Reverses the outcome of the
NOT expression; true becomes false,
false becomes true.

P72937A 7

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Monday 20 May 2019

Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper Reference 4CP0/01

Computer Science
Paper 1: Principles of Computer Science

You must have: Total Marks

Pseudocode command set (enclosed)

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You are not allowed to use a calculator.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• giving further
Marks will not be awarded for using product or trade names in answers without
explanation.

Turn over

*P61880A0124*
P61880A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Computers are made up of both hardware and software components.
(a) Computers use a three-step computational model.
Complete the diagram with the names of the three steps.
(3)

(b) Identify the hardware component responsible for controlling the

fetch-decode-execute cycle.
(1)

A Cache
B Central processing unit

C ROM

D Address bus
(c) Von Neumann developed the stored program concept that permits two different
types of item to reside in memory.
Name these two types.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2
*P61880A0224*
(d) Some computers use virtual memory.
Explain how virtual memory works.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(e) An optical storage device writes data onto a CD or DVD.

Describe how data is stored physically on optical media.
(2)

(f ) A disc-formatting program is an example of a type of software.

Identify the type.
(1)

A Security software

B Application software

C Translation software

D System software

(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

*P61880A0324*
3
Turn over
2 Zafer and Robert work for a company that makes washing machines.
(a) Zafer writes user manuals for the washing machines.
He stores these documents in the cloud.
Zafer and the cloud storage provider share responsibility for data security.
State one area of responsibility for each of them.
(2)
Zafer

Cloud storage provider

(b) Robert programs the robots that make the parts for the washing machines.
Zafer writes the user manuals.
Robert and Zafer have different levels of access to folders and files on the
company network.
The different levels of access are Read, Write, Execute and None.
Complete the table to show the levels of access that each has.
(2)

Robert Zafer

Washing machine design

drawings
A folder of manuals for new
machines

4
*P61880A0424*
(c) Zafer uses a browser to view pages on Pearson’s website by typing a uniform
resource locator into a browser. This is shown in Figure 1.

www.pearson.com

Figure 1

Pearson’s machine Zafer’s machine

MAC address: 03-57-00-EC-4B-30 MAC address: 00-15-00-BC-9A-90

IPv4 address: 2.20.38.113 IPv4 address: 192.168.1.78
IPv4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 IPv4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Website domain: www.pearson.com Web browser
Main web page: https://www.pearson.com/uk/ Uniform resource locator: www.pearson.com

A domain name server is used in this process.

Identify the input to and the output from the domain name server.
(2)
Input

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*P61880A0524*
5
Turn over
(d) Zafer can use a desktop or a tablet computer to connect to the internet.
Only the tablet has wireless capabilities.
The diagram shows the components used to connect to the internet.
Complete the diagram to show how the desktop and the tablet are connected to
the internet.
(6)

Modem

Desktop

Internet
Switch Service
Provider

Tablet
Router

Rest of
internet

Wireless
Access Point
(WAP)

(Total for Question 2 = 12 marks)

6
*P61880A0624*
3 Isra works in an office building where she has access to different types of network.
(a) Isra uses different types of networks for different tasks.
(i) Name the type of network she uses to print a document on the printer in the
office next door.
(1)

(ii) Name the type of network she uses to order stationery from an online
supplier.
(1)

(b) Identify the measurement used for network data speeds.

(1)

A Megabits per second

B Megapixels per second

C Mebicycles per second

D Mebihertz per second

*P61880A0724*
7
Turn over
(c) Isra uses her tablet computer and smartphone to access email.
She wants to set up a new email account.
State the email protocol she should use.
Justify your choice.
(3)
Email protocol

Justification

(d) The table describes characteristics of different network topologies.

Complete the table to match each characteristic to one network topology.
(4)

Characteristic Bus Ring Star Mesh

Network performance degrades as

more devices are added.
All devices are directly connected to
all others.
Each node has a physical attachment
to a routing device.
There are no data collisions, because
packets travel in the same direction.

8
*P61880A0824*
(e) Information sent across networks is represented in bit patterns.
(i) The bit pattern 1101 0001 uses sign and magnitude representation.
Convert this bit pattern to a denary number.
(2)

(ii) Convert the denary number 75 to 8-bit binary.

(2)

*P61880A0924*
9
Turn over
(iii) The addition of these two 8-bit binary patterns generates an error condition.

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

Explain this error condition.

(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 16 marks)

10
*P61880A01024*
4 One function of an operating system is file management.
(a) Both kibibyte and kilobyte can be used as measures of file size.
Compare kibibyte and kilobyte.
(2)

(b) An image is 2322 pixels high and 4128 pixels wide.

The image is stored with a 16-bit colour depth.
The metadata for the image is 975 bytes.
Construct an expression to show how the file size, in megabytes, is calculated.
You do not need to do the calculation.
(4)

*P61880A01124*
11
Turn over
(c) Operating systems often include compression software for reducing file sizes.
(i) Give two reasons for reducing file sizes.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Give two drawbacks of using compression software.

(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12
*P61880A01224*
(d) A text file is stored on a hard disc.
The file holds information from one side of a sheet of paper.
The sheet of paper is represented as a grid, 80 columns wide and 66 rows long.
Each cell in the grid contains a single 2-byte Unicode character.
The file also contains 40 characters of metadata.
The hard disc allocates space in blocks of 1024 bytes.
Construct an expression to show the number of blocks required to store the file.
You do not need to do the calculation.
(4)

(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)

*P61880A01324*
13
Turn over
5 Ships carry cargo around the world in containers.
(a) Containers come in two sizes.
Figure 2 shows an algorithm written using flowchart symbols.

Start

volume1 = 24.00 reqVolume Yes

<= volume1

volume2 = 48.00

No
print “Requires
minVolume = volume1 / 2 small container”

input width
reqVolume No
<= volume2
input height

Yes
input length
print “Requires
large container”
reqVolume = width * length * height

print “Too large for

cargo container”

reqVolume < No
minVolume

Yes

print “Too small for

cargo container”

Stop

Figure 2

14
*P61880A01424*
(i) Complete the table to show the output for each cargo item.
(3)

Cargo item
Output
width length height

4 4 2

2 2 2

3 8 5

(ii) State the purpose of the algorithm in Figure 2.

(1)

*P61880A01524*
15
Turn over
(b) Each ship is registered to a state.
Figure 3 shows a partially completed algorithm written in pseudocode.
The completed algorithm must:
• print each state to the display on a new line
• count the number of states
• create a message as a single string (e.g. there are number states)
• print the message to the display.
Complete the algorithm in the space provided in Figure 3.
(4)

SET numStates TO 0
SET states TO [“France”, “Singapore”, “Malta”, “Panama”, “Greece”, “Italy”]

FOR EACH state FROM states DO

END FOREACH

Figure 3

16
*P61880A01624*
(c) Cargo ships have maximum weight loads.
Figure 4 shows an algorithm written using pseudocode.
The algorithm should identify the size of cargo ship required for any load.
There is an error on line 9.

2 SET loadWeight TO [20000, 28000, 40000, 50000]

3 SET index TO 0
4 SET found TO FALSE
5
6 SEND “Enter cargo weight” TO DISPLAY
7 RECEIVE target FROM (INTEGER) KEYBOARD
8
9 WHILE (NOT found) DO
10 IF (loadWeight [index] >= target) THEN
11 SEND loadWeight [index] TO DISPLAY
12 SET found TO TRUE
13 ELSE
14 SET index TO index + 1
15 END IF
16 END WHILE
17
18 IF (NOT found) THEN
19 SEND “No ship available” TO DISPLAY
20 END IF

Figure 4

18
*P61880A01824*
(i) Trace tables are used to identify errors in algorithms.
Complete the trace table for an input of 50500 to show what happens due to
the error on line 9 in the pseudocode in Figure 4.
You may not need to fill in all the rows in the table.
(2)

target found index loadWeight[index]

50500 FALSE 0

(ii) Construct a single line of pseudocode to correct line 9.

(2)

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

*P61880A01924*
19
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6 A train company uses ticket vending machines at each station.
(a) The machines use embedded systems.
(i) Explain one benefit of using an embedded system in these machines.
(2)

(ii) Customers use a touch screen to select their destination. They can pay by cash
or bank card. Their tickets and a receipt are printed.
The touch screen is controlled by an embedded system.
Give two other hardware components in the ticket machine that are
controlled by embedded systems.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) The ticket machine uses data encryption when a customer pays using a bank
card.
State why data encryption is used in this case.
(1)

20
*P61880A02024*
(b) Compare four features of high-level and low-level programming languages.
(4)

*P61880A02124*
21
Turn over
(c) Artificial intelligence (AI), in many forms, has an increasing impact on our lives.
Discuss this statement considering characteristics, uses and ethical issues.
(6)

(Total for Question 6 = 15 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

22
*P61880A02224*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Time 2 hours
Paper
reference 4CP0/01
Computer Science
PAPER 1: Principles of Computer Science

You must have: Total Marks

Pseudocode command set (enclosed)

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You are not allowed to use a calculator.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• Marks will not be awarded for using product or trade names in answers without
giving further explanation.
• Good luck with your examination.
Turn over

*P66489A0120*
P66489A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 Binary digits (bits) are grouped together to represent different types of data.

(a) Hexadecimal notation is sometimes used to represent patterns of binary digits.

Identify one reason why programmers use hexadecimal notation.

(1)
A Easier for a computer to understand.

B Easier for humans to read.

C Takes up less computer memory.

D Quicker than binary to execute.

(b) Convert the bit pattern 0101 1010 to hexadecimal.

(2)

B 256

C 512

D 1024

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*P66489A0220*
(d) Complete the table by adding these two 8-bit binary integers.
(2)

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

(e) Give the result of performing a logical left shift of 1 place on the binary integer 0100.
(1)

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(f ) Give the number of bits per character used by standard ASCII.

(1)

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(g) Figure 1 shows a black and white bitmap image.

The pixels in row 5 are represented by the binary pattern 1001 1001

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Figure 1

(i) State what is meant by the term pixel.

(1)

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(ii) Construct an expression to show the number of pixels in the image.

(1)

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*P66489A0320* Turn over
(iii) The image is changed so that any pixel can be one of 16 different colours.
State the minimum number of bits that would be needed to represent
one pixel.
(1)

(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

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*P66489A0420*
2 Many organisations use networks.
(a) One reason for networking computers is to share access to the internet.
Give one other reason for connecting computers in a local area network.
(1)

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(b) State the purpose of network protocols.

(1)

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(c) Data is transmitted in packets.

(i) Identify the layer of the TCP/IP model that would add the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
(1)
A Application

B Data

C Network

D Transport

(ii) Give one task carried out by the network layer.

(1)

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(d) Complete the table by adding a tick () to match each item to its name.
(3)

Domain IP
Item URL
Name Address

https://www.pearson.com

216.33.251.195

pearson.com

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*P66489A0520* Turn over
(e) Figure 2 shows a network topology.

Figure 2

(i) State the name of this network topology.

(1)

(ii) State one benefit of using this network topology.

(1)

(iii) State one drawback of using this network topology.

(1)

(f ) Files may be compressed using lossless or lossy algorithms.

(i) Music files are distributed over the internet.
Give two reasons why lossy compression is used when distributing music files
over the internet.
(2)

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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Identify which one of these file formats uses lossy compression.
(1)
A BMP

B DOC

C JPEG

D PNG

(iii) Here is a string of data.

CCCWWWCCWWWWWWCCC
Give the result of compressing the string using a run-length encoding algorithm.
(1)

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(g) A video file is to be transmitted over the internet.

• The network transmission speed is 54 Mbps.
• The file size is 6 gigabytes (GB).
Construct an expression to show how the transmission time, in seconds, is calculated.
You do not have to do the calculation.
(4)

(Total for Question 2 = 18 marks)

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*P66489A0720* Turn over
3 Zakir wants to buy a new laptop.
(a) He knows that a laptop has both hardware and software.
Explain why the laptop needs both hardware and software.
(2)

(b) Zakir needs to choose between a solid state drive and a hard disc drive.
(i) Give two reasons, other than cost and capacity, why Zakir may choose a
solid state drive rather than a hard disc drive.
(2)

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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Solid state drives store data on flash memory, which is similar to RAM.
Explain one difference between flash memory and RAM.
(2)

(c) One of the laptops has 4 megabytes (MB) of cache memory.

Explain the purpose of cache memory.
(2)

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*P66489A0820*
(d) Zakir uses many devices.
Complete the table by adding one tick () in each row to show whether the
device is an input device, an output device or both.
(2)

Device Input Output Both

Headset

Mouse

Printer

Touch screen

(e) Zakir needs to protect his laptop against malware.

Give two types of anti-malware software he could install.
(2)

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2............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 12 marks)

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*P66489A0920* Turn over
4 Scientists often use models and simulations.
(a) Give one reason, other than cost, why scientists use simulations.
(1)

(b) Explain one reason why a simulation may require a powerful processor.
(2)

(c) A scientist uses Boolean logic in programs.

Complete the table to show the results of each operation.
(3)

R S W NOT S R AND W (NOT S) OR (R AND W)

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

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*P66489A01020*
(d) Von Neumann developed the stored program concept.
(i) Describe the stored program concept.
(2)

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(ii) The fetch-decode-execute cycle is the cycle the central processing unit (CPU)
follows in order to process instructions.
Name two registers used in the cycle.
(2)

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2............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Describe the role of the address bus and the data bus during the fetch part of
the cycle.
(2)

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(iv) Complete the table to show the effect on a computer system of increasing the
width of a bus.
(2)

Change made Effect

Increasing the width of the

data bus

Increasing the width of the

address bus

(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)

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*P66489A01120* Turn over
5 Isaac is a program developer.
(a) Figure 3 shows an algorithm Isaac has written.

Start

Numbers[0] = 10
Numbers[1] = 6
Numbers[2] = 1
Numbers[3] = 9
Numbers[4] = 3

Count = 0

Length = 4

Midpoint = 2

Temp = 0

No
Stop Count < Midpoint?

Yes
Temp = Numbers[Count]

Numbers[Count] = Numbers[Length − Count]

Numbers[Length − Count] = Temp

Count = Count + 1

Figure 3

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*P66489A01220*
(i) Complete the trace table. You may not need to use all of the rows.
(5)

Numbers array

Count Length Midpoint Temp [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

0 4 2 0 10 6 1 9 3

(ii) Give the purpose of the algorithm.

(1)

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(iii) Explain why the variable Temp is needed.

(2)

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*P66489A01320* Turn over
(b) Figure 4 shows an algorithm Isaac has written using pseudocode.
The algorithm should display the average of the numbers that have been input.

1 SET total TO 0
2 SET number TO 0
3 SET count TO 0
4 WHILE number <> −1 DO
5 SEND 'Input a number or −1 to end the program' TO DISPLAY
6 RECEIVE number FROM (INTEGER) KEYBOARD
7 SET total TO total + number
8 SET count TO count + 1
9 END WHILE
10 SET average TO total / count
11 SEND 'The average is ' & average TO DISPLAY

Figure 4

Isaac uses the input 2, 3, 5, 2, −1 to test the algorithm. He discovers an error.

Expected result Actual result

The average is 2.75 The average is 2.2

(i) Explain why the Actual result is not the same as the Expected result.
(2)

(ii) Give the number of the line that contains the error.
(1)

(iii) Amend a single line of pseudocode to correct the error.

(1)

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*P66489A01420*
(c) Isaac is going to sell one of his programs and distribute it on a DVD.
Give two advantages of choosing a programming language that uses a compiler,
rather than an interpreter, for a program that will be distributed on a DVD.
(2)

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2............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 5 = 14 marks)

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*P66489A01520* Turn over
6 (a) Two emerging technologies are DNA computing and quantum computing.
(i) Explain one difference between DNA computing and traditional computing.
(2)

(ii) Give a definition of the term superposition in quantum computing.

(1)

(b) Ethically, everyone should be able to access the benefits of technology.

Give two reasons why this may not be possible.
(2)

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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P66489A01620*
(c) Widespread use of computer technology has a negative environmental impact.
Discuss the negative environmental impact of using computers and actions that
could be taken to reduce it.
(6)

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(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

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*P66489A01720*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Time 2 hours
Paper
reference 4CP0/01
Computer Science
 

PAPER 1: Principles of Computer Science

You must have: Total Marks

Pseudocode command set (enclosed)

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You are not allowed to use a calculator.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• without giving
Marks will not be awarded for using product or trade names in answers
further explanation.

Turn over

*P69297A0120*
P69297A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

E:1/1/1/
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Computers use binary to represent and store data.
(a) Binary and hexadecimal notation can be used to represent numbers.
(i) Convert the denary number 77 to 8-bit binary.
(2)

(ii) Convert the denary number –126 to 8-bit binary using two’s complement.
(2)

(iii) Convert the binary pattern 11000110 to hexadecimal.

(2)

2
*P69297A0220* 
(b) Images are stored as binary data.
(i) A bitmap image is 400 pixels wide by 200 pixels high.
It has a colour depth of 12 bits.
Construct an expression to show how the image size, in bytes, is calculated.
Do not calculate the answer.
(2)

(ii) Figure 1 is an image of an icon, set out in an 8 × 8 pixel grid.

Figure 1

A run-length encoding compression algorithm uses:

• W for white pixels
• B for black pixels.
Give the result of compressing the first 4 lines of the icon using the algorithm.
(3)

Line 1 .. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Line 2 .. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Line 3 .. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Line 4 .. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3
 *P69297A0320* Turn over
(iii) Run-length encoding is a type of lossless compression.
State what is meant by the term lossless in this context.
(1)

(c) Raoul wants to record a song and store it as a digital sound file.
Figure 2 shows an overview of the process of recording a song and storing it as a
digital sound file.
Amplitude

Seconds

Figure 2

(i) Describe the steps taken to convert the analogue sound to a digital sound file.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4
*P69297A0420* 
(ii) Raoul uses a lossy algorithm to compress the file.
Give one reason why the sound quality of the compressed file may not be as
good as the uncompressed version.
(1)

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(Total for Question 1 = 16 marks)

5
 *P69297A0520* Turn over
2 Danielle manages network security for a small business.
(a) Identify one action Danielle could take to protect the network from
unauthorised access.
(1)
A Give each user a separate account

B Enforce a strong password policy

C Make a backup plan

D Encrypt sensitive files

(b) Danielle has received this email.

She is a customer of SafePayment.com but thinks this is a phishing attempt.

From: [email protected]
To: Danielle616
Subject: Account restricted (case SP-0011312-2021-06)
Dear Customer,
We have noticed some unusual activity on your account, so have stopped
all payments.
Please use this link to log in and check your account.

Your normal log in will stoop working until you have done this.
Regards
SafePayment fraud prevention team.

(i) Danielle has circled the words Dear Customer.

Give one reason why the use of these words might make Danielle suspect
that the email is a phishing attempt.
(1)

(ii) Draw circles around two other aspects of the email that might make Danielle
suspect it is a phishing attempt.
(2)

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*P69297A0620* 
(c) Some employees use company laptops in public places.
Danielle is concerned that shoulder surfing could pose a risk to security.
(i) Describe what is meant by shoulder surfing.
(2)

(ii) Explain one way to prevent shoulder surfing.

(2)

(d) Danielle wants to protect the network from cyberattacks.

(i) Identify the purpose of penetration testing.
(1)
A To decompile executable code
B To identify security vulnerabilities

C To test the strength of an encryption algorithm

D To enforce a network user policy

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 *P69297A0720* Turn over
(ii) Danielle is sent a software patch for the network operating system but is too
busy to install it straight away.
Explain why this delay could pose a threat to the security of the network.
(2)

(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

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*P69297A0820* 
3 Carlo uses his smartphone to make hands-free calls from the car.
(a) The smartphone connects to the car wirelessly forming a network.
Complete the table by adding a tick () to indicate the network type and a
tick () to indicate the usage model the network uses.
(2)

Network type Tick () Usage model Tick ()

Local Area Network (LAN) Client-Server

Wide Area Network (WAN) Peer-to-peer

Personal Area Network (PAN)

(b) Data on a network is transmitted between devices using packets and the TCP/IP
layered protocol stack.
Complete the table by naming two layers of the stack and giving one function for
each of the layers that you have named.
(4)

Layer name Function

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 *P69297A0920* Turn over
(c) The smartphone can communicate using Wi-Fi.
Identify which one of these is a radio frequency used by smartphones to connect
to Wi-Fi.
(1)
A 2.4 GHz

B 3 KHz

C 4.1 GHz

D 5 KHz

(d) Carlo’s smartphone can use 3G, 4G and 5G mobile communication standards.
(i) Give one advantage of using a higher frequency band for
mobile communications.
(1)

(ii) Explain one benefit to Carlo of using 5G rather than 3G.

(2)

(e) Carlo wants to reduce the environmental impact of his smartphone.

(i) Give one way Carlo could reduce energy consumption.
(1)

(ii) Explain one way, other than reducing energy consumption, that Carlo could
reduce the environmental impact of his smartphone.
(2)

(Total for Question 3 = 13 marks)

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*P69297A01020* 
4 Algorithms can be used to perform calculations and to process data.
(a) State what is meant by the term algorithm.
(1)

(b) Figure 3 shows an algorithm.

Start

Number1 = 1

Number2 = Number1

Output
Number1 Number2

Count = 0

Yes
Stop Count = 2?

No
Number3 = Number2 + Number1

Output
Number3

Number1 = Number2

Number2 = Number3

Count = Count + 1

Figure 3

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*P69297A01220* 
(i) Complete this trace table for the algorithm.
You may not need to use all the rows.
(5)

Number1 Number2 Number3 Count Output Count = 2?

1 1 – 0 11 False

(ii) The benefits of using a trace table include that they allow variable states,
outputs and decisions to be recorded.
Give one other benefit of using a trace table to test an algorithm.
(1)

............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) An algorithm is needed to count and display the number of vowels in a word.
The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u.
The completed algorithm must:
• count the number of vowels
• create a message as a single string (e.g. there are number vowels)
• print the message to the display.

Here is a partially completed algorithm written in pseudocode.

Complete the algorithm in the spaces provided.

(5)

SET word TO 'elephant'

FOR EACH letter FROM word DO

END FOREACH

(Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)

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*P69297A01420* 
5 Computers can be general-purpose or specific-purpose machines.
(a) The central processing unit (CPU) is responsible for executing a program.
Figure 4 shows some of the hardware components of a computer system.
Complete the table by matching the component to the letters shown in Figure 4.
(5)

CPU

A B C D

E G
F

Figure 4

Component Letter

Control unit

Output device

Registers C

Main memory

Cache F

Input device

Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

Clock A

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 *P69297A01520* Turn over
(b) The CPU runs a fetch-decode-execute cycle.
(i) Some registers within the CPU are general-purpose whilst others perform a
specific function.
One register is the program counter. Its function is to keep track of the next
instruction to be fetched.
Describe how it does this.
(2)

(ii) The control bus carries signals from the processor to other components.
Identify the signal that would be used during the fetch stage of the cycle.
(1)
A Memory delete signal

B Memory read signal

C Memory store signal

D Memory write signal

(iii) Clock speed is the number of pulses the CPU’s clock generates per second.
State how increasing the speed of the clock impacts on the
fetch-decode-execute cycle.
(1)

(c) An embedded system forms part of a larger system, device or machine.

(i) Give two features of an embedded system.
(2)

1.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P69297A01620* 
(ii) There are many factors to consider when choosing a CPU for an
embedded system.
For example, the clock speed of the CPU in a TV remote control can be low
because it only has to be fast enough to create a low frequency output signal
for the TV.
Explain one other factor that should be considered when choosing a CPU for
an embedded system within a TV remote control.
(2)

(Total for Question 5 = 13 marks)

17
 *P69297A01720* Turn over
6 Akiko develops software programs.
(a) Akiko can use a low-level or a high-level programming language to write code.
(i) Give one benefit of using a low-level programming language to develop
a program.
(1)

(ii) Give one drawback of using a low-level programming language to develop

a program.
(1)

(b) Akiko is writing an anti-virus program.

(i) The program will include a virus removal function.
Give two other functions that should be included.
(2)

1.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) An anti-virus program is one type of anti-malware.

Give one other type of anti-malware.
(1)

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*P69297A01820* 
(c) Akiko is also working on a burglar alarm system.
The alarm must only be triggered if:
• the alarm (A) is set
• it is dark outside (O)
• a window (W) or a door (D) has been opened.
Construct a Boolean expression, using AND, OR and NOT with the letters
A, O, W, and D to show the conditions that will trigger the alarm.
(4)

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 *P69297A01920* Turn over
(d) Akiko wants to know how the software she writes can be protected.
Discuss how the software can be protected from illegal copying and/or
illegal distribution.
You should consider:
• intellectual property
• licensing.
(6)

(Total for Question 6 = 15 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

20
*P69297A02020* 
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Time 2 hours
Paper
reference 4CP0/01
Computer Science
 

PAPER 1: Principles of Computer Science

You must have: Total Marks

Pseudocode command set (enclosed)

Turn over

*P72538A0120*
P72538A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

Q:1/1/1/
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Computer systems have both hardware and software components.
(a) The central processing unit (CPU) uses the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
(i) State what is meant by the term program instruction.
(1)

(ii) State what is meant by the term memory address.

(1)

(b) Identify the component of the CPU that provides temporary data storage.
(1)
A Address bus

B Data bus

C Control unit

D Register

(c) The performance of the CPU is affected by the clock speed.

(i) Give one benefit of having a higher clock speed.
(1)

(ii) Give one drawback of having a higher clock speed.

(1)

2
*P72538A0220* 
(d) Identify which one of these describes a sequential computational model.
(1)
A Program instructions are read one after another from external storage

B Program instructions are executed by multiple agents working together

C Program instructions are executed in parallel by different cores

D Program instructions are executed one after another

(e) A program can be written in a high-level or a low-level language.

(i) Give one reason for writing a program in a low-level language.
(1)

(ii) State the purpose of an assembler.

(1)

(iii) Complete the table by adding one tick (ü) in each row to match
the description.
(3)

Description Compiler Interpreter

Translates the program each time it is executed

Produces permanent object code

Translates line by line

Translates the whole program before it is run

Generates a list of errors once the complete program has

been translated

(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

3
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2 Computers use binary to represent and store data.
(a) The denary number 78 is the ASCII code for the character N.
(i) Convert the denary number 78 to 8-bit binary.
(2)

(ii) Identify the number of characters that can be represented using

standard ASCII.
(1)
A 64
B 128

C 256

D 512

(iii) Explain one reason for using Unicode rather than ASCII to encode languages
other than English.
(2)

(b) Convert the denary number –43 to 8-bit binary using sign and
magnitude representation.
(2)

4
*P72538A0420* 
(c) Complete the table by adding these two 8-bit binary integers.
(2)

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

(d) A bitmap image is made up of pixels.

(i) An image has five colours.
Complete the table by adding a unique binary pattern for each colour.
Each pattern must use the same minimum colour depth.
(2)

Colour Binary pattern

Green

Black

White

Red

Blue

5
 *P72538A0520* Turn over
(ii) Another image is 3579 pixels high and 6128 pixels wide.
The image is stored with a 32-bit colour depth.
The metadata for the image is 732 bytes.
Construct an expression to show how the file size, in megabytes, is calculated.
You do not need to do the calculation.
(4)

(Total for Question 2 = 15 marks)

6
*P72538A0620* 
3 Alyssa is a music producer.
(a) Figure 1 shows the denary values of five samples of an analogue sound using a
sample interval of 0.2 seconds.

Sample Denary
number value

1 1

2 10

3 12

4 5

5 3

Figure 1

12
11
10
9
8
7
Y axis 6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
X axis

(i) Complete this graph using the sample information from Figure 1 to show the
digital sound wave.
(3)
(ii) Give a suitable label for the X axis.
(1)

(iii) Give a suitable label for the Y axis.

(1)

8
*P72538A0820* 
(b) Alyssa uploads music files to her cloud storage.
(i) She compresses the files before she uploads them using a lossless algorithm.
Give one disadvantage of using a lossless rather than a lossy algorithm for
this purpose.
(1)

(ii) Explain one benefit to Alyssa of storing her music files in the cloud.
(2)

(iii) Give one possible security issue associated with storing music files in
the cloud.
(1)

(iv) One of Alyssa’s music files is stored at https://www.cloudisfab.com/re12/ru2.mp3

Complete the table by adding a description of each URL component.
(4)

URL component Description

https

www.cloudisfab.com

re12

ru2.mp3

(Total for Question 3 = 13 marks)

9
 *P72538A0920* Turn over
4 Reba likes writing programs.
(a) She is writing a guessing game.
She needs a flowchart to show the logic of the game.
(i) These are the components needed to draw the flowchart.

Display "No match.

Get guess
Guess again"

Display "Hooray
number = 10
they match"

guess = number?

Stop Start

Draw the flowchart for the algorithm in the box on the next page.
Use each component once.
Do not add any additional components.
Use as many arrows and yes/no labels as you need.
(5)

10
*P72538A01020* 
Draw your flowchart here.

11
 *P72538A01120* Turn over
(ii) Identify an alternative method for writing the algorithm.
(1)
A Simulation

B Cipher

C Program code

D Truth table

(b) Reba wants to develop a program that will convert a temperature in Fahrenheit
to Celsius.
Here are four steps in the algorithm.
The steps are not in the correct order.

Step

A Change the temperature to Celsius

B Get the temperature in Fahrenheit

C Show the temperature in Celsius

D Set the temperature to 0

(i) Give the letter of the step that initialises a variable.

(1)

(ii) Give the letter of the step that inputs a value.

(1)

12
*P72538A01220* 
(c) Figure 2 shows the pseudocode for an early version of an algorithm that Reba
has written for another game.
The algorithm:
• asks the user to input a colour or input –1 to end the game
• awards 1 point for red
• awards 8 points for orange
• generates the score for the game
• displays the results of the game.

1 SET Colour TO ""

2 SET Score TO 0
3 SET RedPoints TO 0
4 SET OrangePoints TO 0
5 SET NumOranges TO 0
6
7 WHILE Colour <> "-1" DO
8 RECEIVE Colour FROM (STRING) KEYBOARD
9 IF Colour = "red" THEN
10 SET RedPoints TO RedPoints + 1
11 ELSE
12 IF Colour = "orange" THEN
13 SET OrangePoints TO OrangePoints + 8
14 SET NumOranges TO NumOranges + 1
15 END IF
16 END IF
17 END WHILE
18
19 SET Score TO RedPoints + OrangePoints
20
21 SEND ("Score: "& Score) TO DISPLAY
22 SEND ("Number of reds: "& RedPoints) TO DISPLAY
23 SEND ("Number of oranges: "& OrangePoints) TO DISPLAY

Figure 2

14
*P72538A01420* 
Reba inputs: red, orange, red, red, orange, –1
The outputs are not as she expects.
(i) Complete the trace table to show the outputs.
(4)

Colour Score RedPoints OrangePoints NumOranges Outputs

0 0 0 0

red

orange

red

orange

–1

(ii) Give the line number of the pseudocode that contains the error.
(1)

(iii) Write a replacement line of pseudocode to correct the error.

(1)

(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)

15
 *P72538A01520* Turn over
5 Viza Health Centre is located in the North East of England.
(a) The health centre uses artificial intelligence to provide a symptom-checking
service for its patients.
Patients log on to the website and input their symptoms.
(i) Describe how artificial intelligence could identify what is wrong with them.
(2)

(ii) Give one reason why a patient may not want to use this online service.
(1)

(b) The health centre has clinics in two buildings: Cleveland and Stockton.
The network server is in the Cleveland building.
(i) Name the type of network used to access the server from within the
Cleveland building.
(1)

(ii) Name the type of network used to access the server from the
Stockton building.
(1)

16
*P72538A01620* 
(c) The network is at risk of an eavesdropping attack.
Identify the description of eavesdropping.
(1)
A Tricking people into giving information by sending emails pretending to
be from someone in authority
B Spying on someone using a computer

C Intercepting information as it is transmitted over a network

D Redirecting a user from a genuine website to a fake one

(d) Doctors use laptops when they visit patients in their homes.
(i) The laptops have solid state drives.
Explain one reason why a solid state drive is better than a magnetic hard drive
for the laptops.
(2)

(ii) Describe how data is stored on a solid state drive.

(2)

(iii) The laptops have two types of memory.

Complete the table by adding one tick (ü) to match each description to the
type of memory used.
(2)

Description RAM ROM

Stores the boot up sequence

The contents are lost when the laptop is shut down

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

17
 *P72538A01720* Turn over
6 Santiago manages a computer network for a small business.
(a) Networks are based on a topology.
Figure 3 shows a network topology.

Desktop PC

Desktop PC Desktop PC

Printer

Figure 3
(i) Explain one benefit of this network topology.
(2)

(ii) The internet is the world’s largest mesh network.

Explain one reason why a mesh topology is essential for the internet.
(2)

18
*P72538A01820* 
(b) Santiago works on his laptop whilst travelling by train.
There is a free Wi-Fi connection on the train, but Santiago doesn’t use it.
He prefers to set up a network between his smartphone and his laptop to connect
to the internet.
(i) Name this type of network.
(1)

(ii) Explain one advantage for Santiago of using the network he has set up to
connect to the internet, rather than the free Wi-Fi connection.
(2)

(c) Santiago uses audit trails to help protect the network.

(i) State what is meant by an audit trail.
(1)

(ii) Give one way the data from audit trails can be used to help keep the
network secure.
(1)

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 *P72538A01920* Turn over
(d) Santiago wants to find and fix network vulnerabilities before the reputation of the
company suffers.
Discuss the methods he can use.
You should consider:
• ethical hacking
• commercial analysis tools
• review of network and user policies.
(6)

(Total for Question 6 = 15 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

20
*P72538A02020* 
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 26 May 2023
Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference 4CP0/01
Computer Science  

PAPER 1: Principles of Computer Science

You must have: Total Marks

Pseudocode command set (enclosed)

Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 80.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You are not allowed to use a calculator.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Marks will not be awarded for using product or trade names in answers without
giving further explanation.

Turn over

P72937A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/1/1/
*P72937A0124*
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 People use networks in all aspects of their lives.
(a) An office building has desktop computers connected in a network.
One reason for networking computers is to enable technicians to maintain
them remotely.
State two other reasons for connecting computers in a network.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Access to data must be controlled.

(i) Identify one reason that encryption is used.
(1)
A To compress the file so it takes up less storage space

B To make sure both sender and receiver use the same key

C To make sure data is only understood by the intended receiver

D To stop malicious hackers getting into a computer network

2
*P72937A0224* 
(ii) File servers are in a small room at the back of an office.
The office has a burglar alarm.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

Give two other ways that the servers can be secured using physical methods.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Phishing is a type of social engineering.

State what is meant by the term social engineering.
(1)

(c) 5G is a communication standard.

Identify the characteristic that is true for the 5G communication standard.
(1)
A It has a high transmission latency

B It has built-in security

C It has a lower bandwidth than 3G and 4G

D It uses wireless communication

3
 *P72937A0324* Turn over
(d) Programmers write and test code.
They use modular testing.

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State what is meant by the term modular testing.
(1)

(e) Computer scientists are viewed as professionals, in the same way that doctors are
viewed as professionals.
Give two ways that computer scientists can demonstrate professionalism.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 1 = 10 marks)

4
*P72937A0424* 
2 Computers manipulate binary patterns. People interpret those patterns.
(a) Complete the table by adding the hexadecimal notation for each of the
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denary values.
(2)

Denary Hexadecimal

(b) Identify the expression to give the number of unique binary patterns that can be
stored in six bits.
(1)

A 62

B 6×2
C 62 – 1

D 26

(c) Binary patterns are manipulated by shifts.

(i) Give the result of applying a logical shift right by two to the binary
pattern 0101 1100
(1)

(ii) Give the result of applying an arithmetic shift right by three to the binary
pattern 1100 0101
(1)

5
 *P72937A0524* Turn over
(d) Binary patterns can be interpreted as signed or unsigned integers.
(i) Convert the denary unsigned integer 60 to 8-bit binary.

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(2)

(ii) Here is a binary bit pattern for a signed integer in sign and magnitude format.

1001 0110

Convert the binary bit pattern to denary.

Be sure to include a sign symbol in your answer.
(2)

6
*P72937A0624* 
(iii) Negating a signed integer means changing its sign without changing
its value.
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The negation of +16 is –16. The negation of –24 is +24.

Here is the binary bit pattern for a signed integer in two’s complement format.

1110 0101

Convert the binary pattern to its negation in two’s complement.

(2)

(e) Construct an expression to convert 13 kilobytes to kibibytes.

You do not need to do the calculation.
(2)

(Total for Question 2 = 13 marks)

7
 *P72937A0724* Turn over
3 Software programs carry out tasks on computers.
(a) A headteacher uses a computer simulation to model the effect of increasing

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class sizes.
Explain one problem with using simulations to predict the effects of changes.
(2)

(b) Images are stored as files before being displayed or printed.

(i) Give one measurement of image resolution.
(1)

(ii) Increasing the colour depth of an image leads to an increase in the image
file size.
Describe the reason for the increase in file size.
(2)

8
*P72937A0824* 
(c) Software is divided into two categories.
Describe one difference between system software and application software.
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(2)

(d) Here is an image of secondary storage.

Two files (W and Z) are stored on it.
Each file is made up of several blocks (e.g. Z1, Z2, Z3).

W4 Z1 W2 W3 Z3 W1 Z2

Complete the image to show the state after running a defragmentation utility.
(2)

9
 *P72937A0924* Turn over
(e) Here is part of a file that contains electric meter readings.

04631 04984 05103 05163 05271 05383 05487 05722

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Explain the effect on the file of applying a run-length encoding algorithm to this
data file.
(2)

(f ) A series of tasks is written in different programming languages.

Complete the table to show the correct programming language translator for
each task.
(4)

Task Translator

A guessing game that can be used on

different computing platforms

A screen driver for a new smartphone

A new version of a spreadsheet program

for sale next year

Control software for an embedded system

inside a new washing machine

(Total for Question 3 = 15 marks)

10
*P72937A01024* 
4 Data packets travel across networks from one device to another.
(a) Identify the measurement of network speeds.
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(1)
A Mebibits per second

B Mebibytes per second

C Megabits per second

D Megabytes per second

(b) Data packets contain the addresses of the sender and the receiver.
Complete the table to give the number of bits that make up each type of
network address.
(2)

Type Example Number of bits

IPv4 192.169.0.3

IPv6 1050:a500:00c0:0440:0006:0300:700d:436f

(c) Data packets travel over physical media.

(i) Describe one difference between the media used by a wired network and a
wireless network.
(2)

11
 *P72937A01124* Turn over
(ii) Some people confuse Ethernet® and Wi-Fi.
Describe what is meant by the term Ethernet®.

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(2)

(d) A single physical box connects a desktop computer to the Internet.

The box incorporates three different components.
Complete the diagram to show the names of the components in the correct order.
(3)

Internet

12
*P72937A01224* 
(e) Users enter passwords when logging onto a network and when creating accounts
using a web page.
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Describe one difference between validation and authentication.

(2)

(Total for Question 4 = 12 marks)

13
 *P72937A01324* Turn over
5 Hardware devices execute programs to carry out a variety of tasks.
(a) A program controls a bee character in an animation.

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The bee can turn to face North, East, South or West.
The bee can move any number of steps in the direction it is facing.
Complete the table to show one input and one output required to move the bee.
(2)

Requirement Example

Input

Process Calculate the path the bee will move along to its new position

Output

14
*P72937A01424* 
(b) Computers are made up of hardware components.
(i) Complete the diagram by adding directional arrows between the components
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to show the flow of communication.

(3)

Speaker CPU Mouse

USB device

15
 *P72937A01524* Turn over
(ii) Identify what is stored in ROM.
(1)

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A The software firewall

B The basic input output system

C The operating system

D The user interface code

(iii) Cache is used as temporary storage.

One type of cache is located between main memory and the CPU.
Explain one reason cache is used in a computer.
(2)

16
*P72937A01624* 
(c) A washing machine uses several different embedded systems.
One embedded system uses a switch to identify the type of wash cycle selected
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by the user.
Describe one other example of an embedded system found in a
washing machine.
(2)

(d) Programs use logic statements to control physical hardware.

(i) A window shuts when the temperature is too cool or it is a rainy night.
The values are defined as:
• A shows it is night time
• B shows it is too cool
• C shows it is raining.
Complete the truth table to show the results of each operation.
Two rows have been done for you.
(3)

A B C A AND C (A AND C) OR B

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1 1 1

17
 *P72937A01724* Turn over
(ii) A warehouse has an automated alarm system.
When the alarm system is activated it will sound if:

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• a movement sensor (M) is activated
• a pressure pad (P) is activated
• a key code (C) to deactivate the alarm system has not been entered.
Construct a logic statement, using AND, OR and NOT with the letters M, P and
C, to show the conditions that will sound the alarm.
(3)

18
*P72937A01824* 
(e) A computer with a single CPU runs several processes at the same time.
This computer is multitasking.
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Describe how the operating system enables processes to share a single CPU.
(2)

(Total for Question 5 = 18 marks)

19
 *P72937A01924* Turn over
6 Programmers share algorithms with different people and write algorithms for
different reasons.

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(a) A programmer is showing a new algorithm to a group of non-technical managers.
State an appropriate method for writing the algorithm.
Justify your answer.
(2)
Method

Justification

(b) Figure 1 shows an algorithm that displays a string based on the number input by
the user.

1 SEND ("Enter a number: ") TO DISPLAY

2 RECEIVE inNum FROM (INTEGER) KEYBOARD
3 IF ((inNum = 1) OR (inNum = 2)) THEN
4 IF (inNum = 1) THEN
5 SEND ("First") TO DISPLAY
6 ELSE
7 IF (inNum = 2) THEN
8 SEND ("Second") TO DISPLAY
9 END IF
10 END IF
11 ELSE
12 SEND ("Invalid input") TO DISPLAY
13 END IF

Figure 1

Give one reason why the selection statement on line 7 is not required.
(1)

20
*P72937A02024* 
(c) Figure 2 shows an algorithm that manipulates arrays.
The algorithm works with any number of scores.
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1 SET oldScores TO [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

2 SET newScores TO [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
3 SET newIndex TO 0
4
5 FOR oldIndex FROM (LENGTH (oldScores) - 1) TO 0 STEP -1 DO
6 SET newScores[newIndex] TO oldScores[oldIndex]
7 SET newIndex TO newIndex + 1
8 END FOR

Figure 2

(i) Describe what happens to the variable oldIndex when line 5 is executed.
(2)

(ii) State the purpose of the algorithm in Figure 2.

(1)

21
 *P72937A02124* Turn over
(d) Cloud storage has become an increasingly popular service.
Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using cloud storage.

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(6)

(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

22
*P72937A02224* 

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Computer Science

INTEGER INTEGER REAL

REAL REAL REAL

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

Computes the value of an

Assigns a value to an element SET ArrayClass[1] TO ‘Ann’

SET Array [RowIndex, Assigns a value to an element

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

IF <expression> THEN IF Answer = 10 THEN

IF <expression> THEN IF Answer = ‘correct’ THEN

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

WHILE <condition> DO Pre-conditioned loop. Executes WHILE Flag = 0 DO

Count controlled loop. The

FOR <id> FROM <expression>

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

SEND ‘Have a good day.’ TO

RECEIVE Name FROM (STRING)

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

Reads in a record from a <file>

Writes a record to a file.

Syntax Explanation of syntax Example

DIV Integer division

<> not equal to

> greater than

>= greater than or equal to

< less than

<= less than or equal to

Returns true if both conditions

Centre Number Candidate Number

Monday 20 May 2019

You must have: Total Marks

(b) Identify the hardware component responsible for controlling the

(e) An optical storage device writes data onto a CD or DVD.

(f ) A disc-formatting program is an example of a type of software.

(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

Cloud storage provider

Washing machine design

Pearson’s machine Zafer’s machine

MAC address: 03-57-00-EC-4B-30 MAC address: 00-15-00-BC-9A-90

A domain name server is used in this process.

(Total for Question 2 = 12 marks)

(b) Identify the measurement used for network data speeds.

A Megabits per second

B Megapixels per second

C Mebicycles per second

D Mebihertz per second

(d) The table describes characteristics of different network topologies.

Characteristic Bus Ring Star Mesh

Network performance degrades as

(ii) Convert the denary number 75 to 8-bit binary.

Explain this error condition.

(Total for Question 3 = 16 marks)

(b) An image is 2322 pixels high and 4128 pixels wide.

(ii) Give two drawbacks of using compression software.

(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)

volume1 = 24.00 reqVolume Yes

print “Too large for

print “Too small for

(ii) State the purpose of the algorithm in Figure 2.

FOR EACH state FROM states DO

2 SET loadWeight TO [20000, 28000, 40000, 50000]

target found index loadWeight[index]

(ii) Construct a single line of pseudocode to correct line 9.

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

(Total for Question 6 = 15 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

Centre Number Candidate Number

You must have: Total Marks

(a) Hexadecimal notation is sometimes used to represent patterns of binary digits.

Identify one reason why programmers use hexadecimal notation.

B Easier for humans to read.

C Takes up less computer memory.

D Quicker than binary to execute.

(b) Convert the bit pattern 0101 1010 to hexadecimal.

(f ) Give the number of bits per character used by standard ASCII.

(g) Figure 1 shows a black and white bitmap image.

IF <expression> THEN IF Answer = 10 THEN

IF <expression> THEN IF Answer = ‘correct’ THEN

WHILE <condition> DO Pre-conditioned loop. Executes WHILE Flag = 0 DO