Force and Motion

1. Mass of the earth is 6x1024 kg and its radius is 6400 km. Calculate the value of acceleration due to
gravity at the top of the Mt. Everest. Also, calculate the weight of a person of mass 70 kg on top of the
Mt. Everest. [Ans: 9.74 m/s2, 681.8 N]
2. A man can lift 50 kg mass on the earth. How much mass can he lift on the surface of the moon.
(Acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.63 m/s 2). [Ans: 300.61 kg]
3. The moon is 3x105 km away from Nepal and the mass of the moon 7x1022 kg. Calculate the force with
which the Moon pulls every kilogram of water in our rivers. [Ans: 5.188x10-5 N]
4. If the earth is compressed in such a way that its volume becomes equal to that of the moon, the mass of
the earth is 6x1024 kg and the radius of the moon is 1.7x106 m. Find the acceleration due to gravity on
the new earth. What will be the weight of a 100 kg mass on the earth? [Ans: 138.48 m/s2, 13,848 N]
5. If a weight lifter can lift 100 kg mass on the earth, what mass can he lift on Jupiter, if the acceleration
due to gravity on Jupiter is 25.13 m/s2?
6. A student drops a stone into a river from the bridge. If he heard the sound of the collision of the water
surface and the stone after 2 seconds, calculate the height of the bridge from the water surface. [Ans:
19.6 m]
7. The gravitational force between two masses at a distance of 2.5x104 km is 250 N. What should be the
distance between them to reduce the gravitational force by half? [Ans: 3.536x107 m]
8. When a ball was thrown upward, it gained maximum height of 20 meters. Calculate the time required to
reach that height and also find the initial velocity of the ball.
9. If a stone is dropped from a height of 15 m. How long will it take to reach the ground? Calculate the
velocity of the stone when it hits the ground. [Ans: 1.75s, 17.15m/s]
10. If a cricket ball is thrown vertically upwards into the sky with a velocity of 15 m/s, to what maximum
height will the ball reach? [Ans: 11.47m]

Pressure
11. The ratio of the area of cross-section of the two pistons in a hydraulic machine is 1:15, Calculate the
force that should be applied on the narrow piston to overcome a force of 1200 N on the larger cross-
sectional piston. [Ans: 80 N]
12. Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.
(Use g = 9.8 m/s2)
a. How much is the weight of the body in the air?
b. Find out the mass of the stone.
c. How much is the upthrust exerted on the body immersed
in water?
d. Calculate the mass of the water displaced.
e. In which principle is the experiment based? State the
Principle.
f. In which condition the weight of the object will be more
And why?
g. What will happen in the weight of object if water of the
ureka can is replaced by salt water?

13. Calculate the pressure exerted by a mercury column 76 cm

high at its bottom, given that the density of mercury is 13600
kg/m3 and g = 9,8 m/s2. [Ans: 1.01x105 Pascal]
14. A ground water tank has the dimension of 5x3x2 m3.
Calculate the pressure at its bottom when it is completely filled. (g = 9.8 m/s 2) [Ans:19600 Pascal]
15. In a hydraulic machine, the cross-sectional area of a narrow cylinder is 80 cm2 and that of the wide
cylinder is 8 m2. What load is necessary on the wider piston to balance the 800 N force kept on the
narrow piston. [Ans: 8x105 N]
16. A body weights 50 N in air and 45 N when wholly immersed in water. Calculate (a) loss in weight of the
body in water. [Ans: 5 N] (b) mass of the water displaced. (g = 9.8m/s2) [Ans: 0.51 kg] (c) volume of the
body. [Ans: 5.1x10-4 m3]
17. An iceberg is floating in an Ocean. What fraction of its volume is above the water? (Density of ice =
900 kg/m3 and Density of ocean water = 1030 kg/m3) [Ans: 13/103]
18. An object floats in a liquid of density 1200 kg/m3, with one quarter of its volume above the liquid
surface. What is the density of the object? [Ans: 900 kg/m3]
19. Is it possible for objects denser than water to float? Describe the conditions required for that case.
20. A steel plate floats in water but spoon sinks. What could be the reason?
21. How do hot air pilot do to ascend or descend the hot air balloon?
22. Water comes out more slowly from an upstairs tap than from a downstairs tap.
23. Iron nail sinks in the water while a ship made of iron-steel floats in it.
24. It is easy to lift a bucket of water only when it is inside water but gets harder when it is out of water.

Heat Energy
25. Give Reason:
a. Fluctuation in temperature during day and night is very less around the coastal areas, why?
b. In a desert, it is very hot during the day and very cold during the night. Why?
c. Water is used as coolant to cool hot engines of the vehicles, why?
d. The pond was frozen. When we cut open a hole in the ice and saw there was water below. How is it
possible. Describe
e. During winter, in cold countries, water pipes burst. What could be the reason? How do people deal
with this problem?
26. Study the following table and answer the questions, below.
Substances Specific heat capacity (J/Kg oC)
A 1000
B 450
C 780
i. If equal amount of heat is supplied to equal masses of all these substances at same temperature, which
one will have the lowest and which one will have highest temperature? Why?
ii. Which one of them is suitable for cooling and heating purpose? Why?
iii. Which one will penetrate to the maximum depth when equal mass of these substances is heated to
make their final temperature 100 oC and then kept on a wax slab of uniform thickness? Why?
iv. What do you mean by specific heat capacity of B is 450 J/Kg oC?
27. If three liquids A, B and C having equal masses are taken in three same-sized beakers and exposed to
sunlight. After 10 minutes, the increased temperature in each is given in the table.
Liquids Temperature
A 10 oC
B 8 oC
C 6 oC
i) Which liquid has the highest specific heat capacity? Write with a reason.
ii) If all three liquids are heated upto 90 oC and allowed to cool down, which one cools faster?
Why?

28. Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/KgoC. Calculate the amount of heat energy released when 5 Kg
of water cools down from 80 oC to 30 oC. Also calculate the heat energy required to increase the
temperature from 30 oC to 100 oC. [Ans: 1.05x106 Joule, 1.46x106 Joule]
29. If 10 Kg of water at 45 oC is mixed with 20 Kg of water at 10 oC to take a bath in the winter, find the
final temperature of the mixture. [Ans: 21.66 oC]
30. 100 g of water at 100 oC is mixed with 200 g of water. If the mixture temperature becomes 50 oC, find
the initial temperature of the cold water. [Ans: 25 oC]
31. When 456 KJ of heat is supplied to a copper ball of mass 2 Kg at 30 oC, its final temperature is found to
be 600 oC. Calculate its specific heat capacity. [Ans: 400 J/Kg oC]
32. 80 KJ of heat is supplied to an object of mass 4 Kg at 30 oC. If its specific heat capacity is 1000 J/Kg oC,
what will be the final temperature?
33. It takes 2 minutes to heat a substance of 10 Kg mass from 25 oC to 30 oC on heating by an electric
heater of power 1000 W. Find the specific heat capacity of that substance. [Ans: 2400 J/Kg oC]
 Light
34. The speed of light in a vacuum is 3x108 m/s. If the refractive index of water is 1.33, what is the speed of
light in water? [Ans: 2.25x108 m/s]
35. The power of lens is 25 D (Dioptre). If a person wants to read a book, how far must the book be held
from the lens? [Ans: 4cm]
36. A burning candle is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens with focal length of 20 cm. Draw a
ray diagram to show the formation of image. Write the nature of image. What is the power of that lens?
37. When an object is placed at 2 cm far from the optical center of a lens with focal length 3 cm, the image
is formed in the same side of the object which is erect, virtual and enlarged. If so,
a. What type of lens is it?
b. Draw the ray diagram.
38. An object of height 5 cm is placed at a distance of 40 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm.
Find the size of the image formed. Also, find the magnification of the lens and its power. [Ans: I = 5 cm,
m =1, p =5 D] {Hints; 1/f = 1/v – 1/u Len’s formula }
39. Stars twinkle but planets do not. Why?
40. A glass jewel cut in the same shape as a diamond doesn’t shine much. Explain

Electricity and Magnetism

41. If the number of turns in the primary coil is thrice that in the secondary coil, calculate the voltage across
the secondary coil of transformer connected to a supply of 330 V? [Ans: 110 V]
42. Calculate the output voltage in transformer if input voltage is 240 V and ratio of the number of turns in
secondary coil to the primary coil is 3:2. Which type of transformer is this?
43. In a house, an electric bulb of 60 watt is used for 15 hours and an electric heater of 750 watt is used for
10 hours everyday. Calculate the cost of using the bulb and the heater for 30 days if the cost of 1 unit of
electricity is Rs. 7. {1 Kwh = 1 unit} [Ans: Rs. 1764]
44. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions.
a. What happens in the needle of the galvanometer when the
magnet is pushed inside the coil?
b. What happens if the bar magnet is repeatedly pushed in and
out of the solenoid at a greater velocity?
c. What happens to the deflection of the needle when the
magnet is at rest?
45. Draw the diagram of step-up and step-down transformer with
one of their uses?

Classification of Elements
46. Study the part of a periodic table and answer the following questions.
H He
Li Be B C Ni O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
a. Identify the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metalloids and inert gases from the
given table. What is the valency of sodium, chlorine and neon? Why?
b. State the law on which the given periodic table is based.
c. Which element belongs to group 17 and period 3?
d. Which one is more reactive, Li or Na, and Why?
e. Which is more reactive, S or Cl? Write with reason.
f. Which compound is formed when Group IA (1) element reacts with Group VIIA (17)? Give one
balanced chemical equation.
 47. Answer the following questions on the basis of the given table.
Name of Element Electronic Configuration
X 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s1
Y 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p5
Z 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6
a. Write the block of the element X and Z.
b. Write the Group and periods of the given elements X, Y and Z.
c. Write the valency and chemical nature of element Z.
d. Write the balanced chemical equation between elements X and Y.

48. Give reasons:

1. What is the valency of halogens? Why?
2. Sodium is called an alkali metal while Magnesium is called alkaline earth metal. Why?
3. Argon, Neon like atoms can exist freely in nature.
4. Reactivity of metals increase as we go down in the periodic table.
5. Reactivity of non-metals decreases as we go down in the periodic table.
6. Atomic size of the elements decreases moving from left to right in periods. Why?
7. Atomic size of the elements increases from top to bottom in a group. Why?
8. Potassium is more reactive than Calcium although both lie in the same period.
9. Chlorine is more reactive than Sulphur although both lie in the same period.
10. Which is more reactive Sodium or Potassium. Why?
11. Which is more reactive Fluorine or Chlorine. Why?
12. Metallic properties of elements decrease but non-metallic properties of elements increase across the
period.

Chemical Reactions
49. Write the word equation of the reaction between very active metal and very active non-metal. Convert it
into a balanced chemical equation. Also mention the type of chemical reaction.
50. Name the types of chemical reactions. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following word
equations. Also mention the type of reaction.
1. Calcium + Chloride = Calcium Chloride
2. Iron + Oxygen = Iron Oxide
3. Calcium Carbonate = Calcium Oxide + Carbon dioxide
4. Zinc + Hydrochloric Acid = Zinc chloride + Hydrogen
5. Sodium Chloride + Silver Nitrate = Sodium Nitrate + Silver Chloride
6. Sodium Hydroxide + Sulphuric acid = Sodium sulphate + Water
7. Calcium bicarbonate = Calcium Carbonate + Water + Carbon dioxide
8. Aluminium + Hydrochloric Acid = Aluminium Chloride + Hydrogen
9. Potassium Chlorate = Potassium Chloride + Oxygen
10. Methane + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water