IELTS WRITING TASK 1

– LINE GRAPH –
LANGUAGE FOR TRENDS

100
TĂNG

75

GIẢM
50

25
GIAO ĐỘNG
>< ỔN ĐỊNH
0
LANGUAGE FOR TRENDS
TĂNG GIẢM GIAO ĐỘNG ỔN ĐỊNH

rise (v,n) fall (v,n) fluctuate (v) - stable (adj) -

increase (v,n) decrease (v,n) fluctuation (n) stabilize (v) -
grow (v) - growth (n) decline (v,n) vary (v) - variation stability (n)
climb (v) dip (v,n) (n) plateau (v,n)
expand (v) - drop (v,n)
expansion (n) dive (v)
grow (v) - growth (n) slip (v)
recede (v)
reduce (v) -
reduction (n)
diminish (v) -
diminishment (n)
surge (v,n) plunge (v)
boom (v) plummet (v,n)
rocket/skyrocket (v)
soar (v)
COLLOCATIONS DESCRIBING TRENDS/PATTERNS
COLLOCATIONS MEANINGS

upward/downward trend

to
• witness
• show a decrease/an upward trend/fluctuations/…
• display
• experience
to stay/remain
• the same
• unchanged
to level off/flatten out

Following a similar trend/pattern,… Theo xu hướng tương tự,…

Following an opposite/a contrasting trend/pattern,… Theo xu hướng ngược lại,…

The trend was reversed Xu hướng bị đảo ngược

= The next categories/age groups saw a reversed trend
shift/break the trend
Other categories seemed to break this trend
PRACTICE – LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE TRENDS

TĂNG?

GIẢM?

ỔN ĐỊNH? GIAO ĐỘNG?

PRACTICE – LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE TRENDS

Fill in the gaps with the correct vocabulary. You should use no
more than two words for each gap.

The number of reported cases of influenza began at 40 in 1985

after which the figure (1)_________ steadily to reach about 55
in 1987.

In 1988, there was a (2)_______in the number to below 50

before (3)_________ to reach a (4)_______ (5) _______
approximately 75 in 1991.

After that date, the figure dropped to about 55 in the final year
PRACTICE – LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE TRENDS

Fill in the gaps with the correct vocabulary. You should use no
more than two words for each gap.

The number of reported cases of influenza began at 40 in 1985

after which the figure (1)_________ steadily to reach about 55
in 1987.

In 1988, there was a (2)_______in the number to below 50

before (3)_________ to reach a (4)_______ (5) _______
approximately 75 in 1991.

After that date, the figure dropped to about 55 in the final year
RELATED ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

around/about/approximately/roughly Khoảng

close to/nearly/almost gần bằng

over/under… Trên/dưới

just over/under… Chỉ trên/dưới

a high percentage
a large/great number
RELATED ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

slight slightly Describe DEGREE

marginal marginally (by a small margin)
insignificant insignificantly
minor
considerable considerably
significant significantly
substantial substantially
remarkable remarkably
major majorly
exponential exponentially
gradual gradually Describe SPEED
steady steadily
sharp sharply
precipitous precipitously
rapid rapidly
RELATED ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
The number of medical degrees rose almost every year
between 2012 and 2015. It 1 ............................ slightly
between 2012 and 2013 from 40 degrees granted to 45.
Then, in 2014, the number of degrees granted rose 2
............................ to 70. There was a slight 3 ............................
in 2015, when about 65 medical degrees were granted at
Clifford University.

The number of engineering degrees, on the other hand,

dropped steadily from 2012 to 2015. It 4 ............................
from about 45 degrees granted in 2012 to 40 in 2013. In
2014 there was another 5............................drop, when just 35
engineering degrees were granted. The number
6............................again, to 30 degrees granted in 2015.
RELATED ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
The number of medical degrees rose almost every year
between 2012 and 2015. It 1 ............................ slightly
between 2012 and 2013 from 40 degrees granted to 45.
Then, in 2014, the number of degrees granted rose 2
............................ to 70. There was a slight 3 ............................
in 2015, when about 65 medical degrees were granted at
Clifford University.

The number of engineering degrees, on the other hand,

dropped steadily from 2012 to 2015. It 4 ............................
from about 45 degrees granted in 2012 to 40 in 2013. In
2014 there was another 5............................drop, when just 35
engineering degrees were granted. The number
6............................again, to 30 degrees granted in 2015.
 LANGUAGE FOR INTRODUCTION
The charts detail/ display /illustrate/ compare/ delineate/ show/ reveal
The chart delineates the populations of India and China from 2000 and the projections to 2050.
Presented are the charts comparing… / Presented is the chart comparing…
Presented is the chart comparing the populations of India and China from 2000 and the projections to 2050.

PRACTICE – viết introduction của các đề sau

• The graph below shows the changes in global food and oil prices between 2000 and 2011.
• The graph above shows changes in young adult unemployment rates in England between 1993 and 2012.
• The following graph shows the change in wheat exports for different countries in a given time period.

(further practice at HANDOUT 1)

LANGUAGE FOR OVERVIEW

• It is clear from the graph/chart/table that…

• It can be seen from the graph that…
• It is clear from the graph/It can be seen from the graph that both China and India witnessed an upward trend.
• As can be seen from the graph,…
• As is shown/illustrated by the graph,…
• As can be seen from the graph/As is shown by the graph, both China and India witnessed an upward trend.
LANGUAGE FOR STARTING AND ENDING POINTS
LANGUAGE FOR STARTING AND ENDING POINTS

•begin/end the period with…: bắt đầu/kết thúc giai đoạn với…
During the last three years, China’s population is
anticipated to take a dive, ending the period with 1.4 billion
people.
•start with/end with…: bắt đầu với…/kết thúc với…
Starting with 1 billion people, India’s population rose
gradually, being predicted to surpass that of China in 2030
with 1.45 billion people.
•conclude with a final surge to…/finish the time surveyed
at…/finish the period at…
China’s population increased steadily until 2020, and is
expected to conclude with a final fall to 1.4 billion people in
2050.
•begin high/low at…
India’s population began low at precisely 1 billion people.
LANGUAGE FOR HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS
LANGUAGE FOR HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS
•recover/bounce back: hồi phục (giảm xong tăng)
The number of visitors to British Museum fell sharply
before recovering to its initial figure of approximately
650 thousand people in September.
•bottom out: chạm đáy và bắt đầu tăng lên
The number of monthly visitors to Science Museum
bottomed out at 300 thousand people in August then
gradually rose to 450 thousand people at the end of the
period.
•hit a high/hit a low (of…): đạt điểm cao nhất/thấp nhất
After hitting a low of 500 thousand visitors in August,
British Museum’s figure recovered to 650 thousand in
the following month.
•hit the highest point/reach a peak/reach the highest point: đạt
đỉnh/đạt điểm cao nhất
The figure for British Museum increased gradually,
reaching a peak of 750 thousand visitors in July.
•hit the lowest point/hit rock bottom/reach the lowest point:
đạt điểm thấp nhất
The figure for the British Museum reached the lowest
point of 500 thousand visitors in August.
LANGUAGE FOR COMPARISON

•to take the lead/to take the leading position/to take the first place: dẫn đầu
Handheld games took the lead throughout the period.
•to overtake/surpass/exceed someone/something: vượt lên hơn ai đó/cái gì
In 2014, Scotland overtook England in terms of female unemployment rate.
•to be used the most
X is the most popular/common (activity/reason/food/…)
X is the most popularly used
•to gain popularity/to be more and more commonly used
opposite: loses popularity, is less and less commonly used/is used
less and less
to be the dominant category
Y is the dominant category with more than 60%.
Y takes the lion’s share with more than 60% (only used for when all
categories make up a total of 100%, usually for pie charts: account for
= make up/take up/constitute…)
To refer to the “largest” category
LANGUAGE FOR COMPARISON

To compare and contrast (LIÊN TỪ)

LANGUAGE FOR COMPARISON

•as opposed to/compared to/in comparison to: so với

•except for/with the exception of
•to outnumber: to be greater in number
•to be followed by something/someone: được theo sau bởi ai cái gì
•to be second to something/someone: đứng thứ hai, sau ai/cái gì
•to share (a similar figure of…)
•similarity (in)
•outlier: a person or thing that is different from others in a group
counterpart: a person or thing that has the same position or function
as somebody/something else
•the former: cái đằng trước (được nhắc đến trước)
•the latter: cái đằng sau (được nhắc đến sau)
•gap/disparity/discrepancy/difference: sự chênh lệch

To compare and contrast

PRACTICE
To compare and contrast

In 1920, 75% of the labour force in Alia was employed in

agriculture (1)____ only 10% worked in business and
trade. At the same (2)____ both the manufacturing
sector (3)____ the professional sector constituted just
2% of the workforce each.This situation changed only
very gradually over the next 20 years, (3)____ the
professional workforce, which increased more than
threefold. (4)____ by 1970 there had been a significant
change in the pattern of employment. (5)____ the
agricultural employees had declined in number to 40%
of the workforce, manufacturing employees (6)____
professionals had increased their share to 13% and 10%
respectively. (7)____, the business sector did not
increase until 1970. The most dramatic (8)____ could be
seen by 1990, when the proportion of agricultural
workers was reduced to just 10% (9)____ the three other
major sectors had all increased to over 20% of the
workforce.
PRACTICE
To compare and contrast

World production increased in all types of meat

(1)______ sheep and goats between 1950 and 1990. There
was a slow rise in the production of pork and
beef/buffalo meat up to 1980 (2)______ after this pork
production increased more rapidly. Poultry production
showed a (3)______ trend. Starting from a low base of
just 5 million tons, it increased relatively slowly for the
first 20 years of the reported period (4)______ after that
it increased sharply, until by 1990 it had reached over 30
million tons (5)______, the production of sheep and goat
meat remained steady throughout the period at around
5 million tons.